共查询到12条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa Luiz Herman Soares Gil Mauro Shugiro Tada Alexandre de Almeida?e Silva Joana D'Arc Neves Costa Maisa da Silva Araújo Ana Lúcia Escobar Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva 《PloS one》2010,5(2)
The study area in Rondônia was the site of extensive malaria epidemic outbreaks in the 19th and 20th centuries related to environmental impacts, with large immigration flows. The present work analyzes the transmission dynamics of malaria in these areas to propose measures for avoiding epidemic outbreaks due to the construction of two Hydroelectric Power Plants. A population based baseline demographic census and a malaria prevalence follow up were performed in two river side localities in the suburbs of Porto Velho city and in its rural vicinity. The quantification and nature of malaria parasites in clinical patients and asymptomatic parasite carriers were performed using microscopic and Real Time PCR methodologies. Anopheles densities and their seasonal variation were done by monthly captures for defining HBR (hourly biting rate) values. Main results: (i) malaria among residents show the riverside profile, with population at risk represented by children and young adults; (ii) asymptomatic vivax and falciparum malaria parasite carriers correspond to around 15% of adults living in the area; (iii) vivax malaria relapses were responsible for 30% of clinical cases; (iv) malaria risk for the residents was evaluated as 20–25% for vivax and 5–7% for falciparum malaria; (v) anopheline densities shown outdoors HBR values 5 to 10 fold higher than indoors and reach 10.000 bites/person/year; (vi) very high incidence observed in one of the surveyed localities was explained by a micro epidemic outbreak affecting visitors and temporary residents. Temporary residents living in tents or shacks are accessible to outdoors transmission. Seasonal fishermen were the main group at risk in the study and were responsible for a 2.6 fold increase in the malaria incidence in the locality. This situation illustrates the danger of extensive epidemic outbreaks when thousands of workers and secondary immigrant population will arrive attracted by opportunities opened by the Hydroelectric Power Plants constructions. 相似文献
2.
Cleoni Alves Mendes de Lima Harrison Magdinier Gomes Maraníbia Aparecida Cardoso Oelemann Jesus Pais Ramos Paulo Cezar Caldas Carlos Eduardo Dias Campos Márcia Aparecida da Silva Pereira Fátima Fandinho Onofre Montes Maria do Socorro Calixto de Oliveira Philip Noel Suffys Maria Manuela da Fonseca Moura 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(4):457-462
The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to evaluate the
contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to pulmonary disease in
patients from the state of Rondônia using respiratory samples and
epidemiological data from TB cases. Mycobacterium isolates were identified using
a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction
enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene
sequencing. Among the 1,812 cases suspected of having pulmonary TB, 444 yielded
bacterial cultures, including 369 cases positive for MTB and 75 cases positive
for NTM. Within the latter group, 14 species were identified as
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium
avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum,
Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium
gilvum, Mycobacterium gordonae,
Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium
tusciae, Mycobacterium porcinum,
Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium
simiae, Mycobacterium szulgai,
Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium
holsaticum and 13 isolates could not be identified at the species
level. The majority of NTM cases were observed in Porto Velho and the relative
frequency of NTM compared with MTB was highest in Ji-Paraná. In approximately
half of the TB subjects with NTM, a second sample containing NTM was obtained,
confirming this as the disease-causing agent. The most frequently observed NTM
species were M. abscessus and M. avium and
because the former species is resistant to many antibiotics and displays
unsatisfactory cure rates, the implementation of rapid identification of
mycobacterium species is of considerable importance. 相似文献
3.
Orlandi PP Silva T Magalhães GF Alves F de Almeida Cunha RP Durlacher R da Silva LH 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2001,96(5):621-625
One hundred and thirty cases of diarrhea and 43 age-matched controls, 0 to 5 years old, were studied in a pediatric outpatient unit from a poor peri urban area of Porto Velho, Rond?nia. Eighty percent of diarrheal cases were observed in the groups under 2 years of age. Rotavirus (19.2%) was the most frequent enteropathogen associated with diarrhea, followed by Shigella flexneri (6.15%) and S. sonnei (1.5%) and Salmonella sp. (6.9%). Four cases of E. coli enterotoxigenic infections (3.1%), E. coli enteropathogenic (EPEC)(2.3%) one case of E. coli enteroinvasive infection (0.8%) and one case of Yersinia enterocolitica (0.8%) were also identified. Mixed infections were frequent, associating rotavirus, EPEC and Salmonella sp. with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. 相似文献
4.
Anopheles darlingi is the most important Brazilian malaria vector, with a widespread distribution in the Amazon forest. Effective strategies for vector control could be better developed through knowledge of its genetic structure and gene flow among populations, to assess the vector diversity and competence in transmitting Plasmodium. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of An. darlingi collected at four locations in Porto Velho, by sequencing a fragment of the ND4 mitochondrial gene. From 218 individual mosquitoes, we obtained 20 different haplotypes with a diversity index of 0.756, equivalent to that found in other neotropical anophelines. The analysis did not demonstrate significant population structure. However, haplotype diversity within some populations seems to be over-represented, suggesting the presence of sub-populations, but the presence of highly represented haplotypes complicates this analysis. There was no clear correlation among genetic and geographical distance and there were differences in relation to seasonality, which is important for malarial epidemiology. 相似文献
5.
María Elena Villagrán-Herrera Manuel Sánchez-Moreno Adriana Jheny Rodríguez-Méndez Hebert Luis Hernández-Montiel Felipe de Jesús Dávila-Esquivel Germán González-Pérez José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra José Antonio de Diego-Cabrera 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(7):964-969
Immunological diagnostic methods for Trypanosoma cruzi depend
specifically on the presence of antibodies and parasitological methods lack
sensitivity during the chronic and “indeterminate” stages of the disease. This study
performed a serological survey of 1,033 subjects from 52 rural communities in 12 of
the 18 municipalities in the state of Querétaro, Mexico. We detected anti-T.
cruzi antibodies using the following tests: indirect haemagglutination
assay (IHA), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), ELISA and recombinant ELISA
(rELISA). We also performed Western blot (WB) analysis using iron superoxide
dismutase (FeSOD), a detoxifying enzyme excreted by the parasite, as the antigen.
Positive test results were distributed as follows: ELISA 8%, rELISA 6.2%, IFA and IHA
5.4% in both cases and FeSOD 8%. A comparative study of the five tests was
undertaken. Sensitivity levels, specificity, positive and negative predictive values,
concordance percentage and kappa index were considered. Living with animals, trips to
other communities, gender, age, type of housing and symptomatology at the time of the
survey were statistically analysed using SPSS software v.11.5. Detection of the FeSOD
enzyme that was secreted by the parasite and used as an antigenic fraction in WBs
showed a 100% correlation with traditional ELISA tests. 相似文献
6.
Raquel Ferraz Clarissa Ferreira Cunha Maria Inês Pimentel Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra Armando Oliveira Schubach Sérgio Coutinho Furtado de Mendon?a Alda Maria Da-Cruz Alvaro Luiz Bertho 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(5):596-605
In human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the immune response is mainly mediated byT-cells. The role of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, which are related to healing ordeleterious functions, in affecting clinical outcome is controversial. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate T-cell receptor diversity in late-differentiated effector(LDE) and memory CD8+ T-cell subsets in order to create a profile ofspecific clones engaged in deleterious or protective CL immune responses. Healthysubjects, patients with active disease (PAD) and clinically cured patients wereenrolled in the study. Total CD8+ T-lymphocytes showed a disturbance inthe expression of the Vβ2, Vβ9, Vβ13.2, Vβ18 and Vβ23 families. The analyses ofCD8+T-lymphocyte subsets showed high frequencies of LDECD8+T-lymphocytes expressing Vβ12 and Vβ22 in PAD, as well aseffector-memory CD8+ T-cells expressing Vβ22. We also observed lowfrequencies of effector and central-memory CD8+ T-cells expressing Vβ2 inPAD, which correlated with a greater lesion size. Particular Vβ expansions point toCD8+ T-cell clones that are selected during CL immune responses,suggesting that CD8+ T-lymphocytes expressing Vβ12 or Vβ22 are involved ina LDE response and that Vβ2 contractions in memory CD8+T-cells areassociated with larger lesions. 相似文献
7.
Maurício Luiz Vilela Daniela de Pita-Pereira Carina Graser Azevedo Rodrigo Espíndola Godoy Constan?a Britto Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(5):578-585
Phlebotomine sandflies were captured in rural settlement and periurbanareas of the municipality of Guaraí in the state of Tocantins (TO), an endemicarea of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Forty-three phlebotomine specieswere identified, nine of which have already been recognised as ACL vectors.Eleven species were recorded for the first time in TO. Nyssomyiawhitmani was the most abundant species, followed byEvandromyia bourrouli, Nyssomyia antunesiand Psychodopygus complexus. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indexand the evenness index were higher in the rural settlement area than in theperiurban area. The evaluation of different ecotopes within the rural areashowed the highest frequencies of Ev. bourrouli and Ny.antunesi in chicken coops, whereas Ny. whitmanipredominated in this ecotope in the periurban area. In the rural settlementarea, Ev. bourrouli was the most frequently captured species inautomatic light traps and Ps. complexus was the most prevalentin Shannon trap captures. The rural settlement environment exhibited greaterphlebotomine biodiversity than the periurban area. Ps.complexus and Psychodopygus ayrozai naturallyinfected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis wereidentified. The data identified Ny. whitmani as a potential ACLvector in the periurban area, whereas Ps. complexus was moreprevalent in the rural environment associated with settlements. 相似文献
8.
9.
Specimens were studied of 65 samples of the genus Aphidura (Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) from the collection of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris). The possible synonymies of three pairs of species are discussed. New aphid host plant relationships are reported for Aphidura bozhkoae, Aphidura delmasi, Aphidura ornata, Aphidura pannonica and Aphidura picta; this last species is recorded for first time from Afghanistan. The record of Aphidura pujoli from Pakistan is refuted. The fundatrices, oviparous females and males of Aphidura delmasi are described. Six new species are established: Aphidura gallica
sp. n. and Aphidura amphorosiphon
sp. n. from specimens caught on species of Silene (Caryophyllaceae) from France and Iran, respectively, Aphidura pakistanensis
sp. n., Aphidura graeca
sp. n. and Aphidura urmiensis
sp. n. from specimens caught on species of Dianthus, Gypsophila and Spergula (Caryophyllaceae) from Pakistan, Greece and Iran, respectively, and Aphidura iranensis
sp. n. from specimens caught on Prunus sp. from Iran. Modifications are made to the keys by Blackman and Eastop to aphids living on Dianthus, Gypsophyla, Silene, Spergula and Prinsepia and Prunus (Rosaceae). An identification key to apterous viviparous females of species of Aphidura is also provided. 相似文献
10.
Shevin T. Jacob Patricia B. Pavlinac Lydia Nakiyingi Patrick Banura Jared M. Baeten Karen Morgan Amalia Magaret Yuka Manabe Steven J. Reynolds W. Conrad Liles Anna Wald Moses L. Joloba Harriet Mayanja-Kizza W. Michael Scheld 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Background
When manifested as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteremia, disseminated MTB infection clinically mimics other serious blood stream infections often hindering early diagnosis and initiation of potentially life-saving anti-tuberculosis therapy. In a cohort of hospitalized HIV-infected Ugandan patients with severe sepsis, we report the frequency, management and outcomes of patients with MTB bacteremia and propose a risk score based on clinical predictors of MTB bacteremia.Methods
We prospectively enrolled adult patients with severe sepsis at two Ugandan hospitals and obtained blood cultures for MTB identification. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to determine predictors of MTB bacteremia and to inform the stratification of patients into MTB bacteremia risk categories based on relevant patient characteristics.Results
Among 368 HIV-infected patients with a syndrome of severe sepsis, eighty-six (23%) had MTB bacteremia. Patients with MTB bacteremia had a significantly lower median CD4 count (17 vs 64 lymphocytes/mm3, p<0.001) and a higher 30-day mortality (53% vs 32%, p = 0.001) than patients without MTB bacteremia. A minority of patients with MTB bacteremia underwent standard MTB diagnostic testing (24%) or received empiric anti-tuberculosis therapy (15%). Independent factors associated with MTB bacteremia included male sex, increased heart rate, low CD4 count, absence of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, chief complaint of fever, low serum sodium and low hemoglobin. A risk score derived from a model containing these independent predictors had good predictive accuracy [area under the curve = 0.85, 95% CI 0.80–0.89].Conclusions
Nearly 1 in 4 adult HIV-infected patients hospitalized with severe sepsis in 2 Ugandan hospitals had MTB bacteremia. Among patients in whom MTB was suspected, standard tests for diagnosing pulmonary MTB were inaccurate for correctly classifying patients with or without bloodstream MTB infection. A MTB bacteremia risk score can improve early diagnosis of MTB bacteremia particularly in settings with increased HIV and MTB co-infection. 相似文献11.
Sassy Molyneux Maureen Njue Mwanamvua Boga Lilian Akello Peter Olupot-Olupot Charles Engoru Sarah Kiguli Kathryn Maitland 《PloS one》2013,8(2)