Inhibition of Mg2+ and Na(+)-K+ ATPases in selected tissues of fish, Cyprinus carpio under fenvalerate toxicity.

The changes in the magnesium adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+ ATPase) and sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)-K+ ATPase) in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr exposure periods were studied after subjecting to sublethal concentration (10 micrograms/lit) of fenvalerate. Mg2+ ATPase and Na(+)-K+ ATPase activities were inhibited in all the tissues of fenvalerate exposed fish. The per cent inhibition increased with increase in the period of exposure and the possible reasons for the inhibition patterns are discussed.     

维尔康对家蝇(Musca domestica)寿命和飞翔肌线粒体年龄变化的影响

本文观察了中药复方维尔康对雄蝇寿命、飞翔肌线粒体能量转换ATP酶(以下简称ATP(?))活性及线粒体超微结构衰老变化的影响。实验表明维尔康可使(?)的群体平均寿命和5％存活时的日龄分别增加11.4％和13.7％,用losrank检验比较对黑组和维尔序组家蝇的生存数据,结果差异极(?)著,P<0.001。对照组家蝇孵化后6日龄ATP酶水解活性最高,随即开始下降。维尔康组家蝇的要(?)活性则一直维持到15日龄以后才开始下降,但其ATP酶活性的年龄交化规律仍与对照组家蝇类似。维尔康组家蝇飞翔肌线粒体超微结构的退化也有较对照组家蝇推迟的趋向。这些现象提示维尔康似可延缓家蝇的衰老过程。     

电离辐射对大鼠小肠吸收酪氨酸的影响及其机制的初步探讨

用在体方法研究电离辐射后大鼠小肠吸收酪氨酸(Tyr)的变化并对其机制进行了初步探讨。结果说明,以较低剂量6Gyγ线照射后第3天,出现暂时Tyr吸收障碍,以后很快恢复,并持续在正常水平。随照射剂量的增加,吸收障碍加重,3Gy以下照射,则不出现Tyr吸收障碍。6Gy照射后早期及不同剂量照射后第3天,肠上皮细胞计数及空肠和血浆的二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性变化与肠吸收Tyr的变化有较好的一致关系,表明肠上皮的损伤是引起照射后吸收障碍的原因之一。提示DAO活性也是能反映肠道辐射损伤的一个较敏感指标。实验还测定了小肠粘膜Na~ ,K~ -ATP酶活性以及用加入葡萄糖后的小肠壁电位差和短路电流的增加幅度来判断Na~ 的跨膜转运情况,说明Na~ ,K~ -ATP酶活性下降及Na~ 转运障碍也是引起肠吸收Tyr障碍的原因。     

Different behavior of body temperature and total locomotor activity daily rhythms during light/dark cycle in stabled Oryctolagus cuniculus

In order to investigate the potential causal link between the rhythm of activity and body temperature, we simultaneously recorded rectal temperature and total locomotor activity in five clinically healthy female rabbits (blue Vienna breed), 12 week old and mean body weight 2.7 ± 0.3. Animals were housed in individual cages (90?×?50?×?35 cm) under natural 12/12 light/dark cycle. Total locomotor activity was monitored for 15 days by an activity data logger. On day 1, 5, 10, and 15 rectal temperature was recorded every 2 h for a 24-h period. Application of single cosinor method showed a nocturnal daily rhythm of rectal temperature with a range of oscillation of about 1 °C, acrophase after dusk and low robustness value. The daily rhythm of locomotor activity showed its acrophase in the middle of the scotophase and a high robustness value. This information improves the knowledge available on the circadian biology of rabbits useful in the evaluation of physiology of this species.     

玉米杂种优势与杂交后胚中ATP酶活性和RNA酶活性及蛋白质含量的关系

通过对若干个玉米杂交及其亲本自交授粉后1天、3天、7天、10天胚中ATP酶活性、RNA酶活性及蛋白质变化的比较来探讨杂种优势产生的生化机理。结果表明,30个组合的玉米授粉后一天,有90%组合杂交胚中ATP酶活性超过双亲或母本自交胚中ATP酶活性。授粉后3天杂交胚中ATP酶活性多数低于双亲自交胚中的ATP酶活性,看来这一表现与自交授粉后胚中合子细胞分裂较迟缓有关。以上四个时期授粉后,杂交胚中RNA酶活性介于双亲之间或低于双亲,这可能与杂交胚中核酸分解的速度较慢有关。杂交胚中蛋白质含量变化不同时期各组合间表现不同,杂交后胚胎发育初期胚中蛋白质的变化不一定是总的数量的增加,而是某些蛋白质或酶的变化。     

Tetraplegia after coronary artery bypass surgery in a patient with cervical herniation

Tetraplegia is a rare complication after coronary artery bypass surgery. The authors present a case of tetraplegia after uncomplicated coronary artery bypass surgery because of cervical disc herniation. No distinct abnormality was found in the preoperative neurologic examination although the postoperative cervical magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge hernia at C5-C6 level presenting with tetraplegia. Surgical decompression was performed on the second postoperative day of bypass surgery, and neurologic deficits gradually improved.     

透明角膜切口白内障术后角膜曲率的临床观察*

目的:观察年龄相关性白内障行透明角膜切口超声乳化吸除及人工晶体植入术后角膜曲率的变化及相对稳定的时间。方法:收集2016年6月-8月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院伍连德纪念医院进行的3.0 mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶体植入术的患者200例216眼,其中男88例、女128例,平均年龄71.2岁,进行相应的术前检查,并检查术前、术后第一天、一周、一个月、和三个月时的角膜曲率、视力、眼压并行相应的统计学分析。结果:术后不同时间点视力0.5的恢复情况:第一天为147眼(68.05%)、一周为175眼(81.02%)、一个月为193眼(89.35%)、三个月为197眼(91.20%);术前角膜曲率为43.94±1.35、术后第一天、术后一周的角膜曲率分别为44.98±1.06、44.45±1.18,与术前相比有显著性差异(p0.05),术后一个月、三个月的角膜曲率分别为44.13±1.27、44.02±1.24,与术前相比无显著性差异(p0.05);术源性散光于术后一天达到最大,随后逐渐减小,术后一个月、三个月与术后一天比较有显著性差异(p0.05),术后三个月与一个月比较无显著性差异(p0.05),术源性散光术后逐渐下降,并于一个月时趋于稳定。结论:3.0 mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶体植入术患者在术后一个月的角膜曲率基本稳定,恢复至术前状态,屈光状态趋于稳定,术源性角膜散光较小,术后视力恢复至较好状态。     

Certain aspects of the mechanism of intestinal transport of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in rats

Intestinal absorption of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium was studied in rats by the method of intestinal perfusion using ouabain as an inhibitor of sodium-potassium dependent ATPase. At the same time the activity of ATPase and phosphatase were determined in homogenates of intestinal mucosa. A significant effect on the concentration of the determined ions was demonstrated in the transport of these ions, and also an unquestionable participation of intestinal ATPase in the direction and intensity of this transport. It was found that the multidirectional effect of ouabain on the transport of cations depended on their concentration. In the case of concentrations of cations similar to those in the mean food rations it has been demonstrated that ouabain increased the absorption of sodium, potassium and calcium and inhibited the absorption of magnesium. With a threefold higher ions concentration the absorption of potassium and magnesium was inhibited, without changing the transport of sodium and calcium. The possible explanation of the mechanism of these effects is discussed.     

常规开颅手术和脑室镜治疗硬膜下血肿的对比研究

目的:对比分析常规开颅手术和脑室镜治疗硬膜下血肿的临床疗效。方法:自2012年1月到2013年10月,我科急诊收治的硬膜下血肿病例共63例。其中脑室镜组28例,男16例,女12例,年龄(33.2±9.4)岁;常规开颅组35例,男23例,女12例,年龄30.2±9.4岁。常规开颅组采用传统的大骨瓣开颅术清除颅内血肿,另一组采用脑室镜微创技术清除颅内血肿。结果:脑室镜组和常规开颅组的术前GCS评分分别为4.2±0.7、4.6±0.8,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第3、7天脑室镜GCS评分明显升高,和常规开颅组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第1、3、7天,脑室镜组的血糖水平明显比常规开颅组下降的速度快,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);脑室镜组头皮切口长度、骨窗大小明显比常规开颅组要小,血肿清除率大,二者差异有统计学意义;两组预后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脑室镜治疗硬膜下血肿,具有手术时间短,创伤小,术后患者恢复速度快等优点,值得推广。     

Thyroxine-induced cardiomegaly: assessment of nucleic acid, protein content and myosin ATPase of rat heart.

1 mg/kg L-thyroxine was administered to rats for 14 days to evaluate the potential of the hyperthyroid state to induce heart hypertrophy and its effect on myosin adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. Evidence of hyperthyroidism such as weight loss, elevation of rectal temperature, increased heart rate and oxygen consumption, was observed in all treated rats. Cardiac enlargement was determined by comparison of wet and dry ventricle weights, myocardial RNA, DNA and protein content. Wet and dry ventricle weights and the level of cardiac RNA and protein were augmented by thyroxine treatment. ATPase activity of cardiac myosin was stimulated as the Ca2+ concentration in the incubation medium increased. No difference was found in Ca2+-activation, salt sensitivity or ATPase activity of unreacted and sulphydrylmodified cardiac myosins from euthyroid or hyperthyroid groups. The results showed that in hyperthyroid rats, in contrast to some other species, the biochemical mechanism responsible for the enhancement of cardiac contractility is not an increased myosin ATPase.     

高龄患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术围手术期对机体应激及内脏蛋白的影响

目的:研究高龄病人(75岁以上)腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期白介素6(IL-6)、IL-10和C反应蛋白(CRP)及内脏蛋白的差异.方法:将41例行结直肠癌根治术的高龄患者按患者意愿分为腹腔镜组(n=20)和开腹组(n=21),两组患者的一般资料如年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)等有可比性,检测两组患者术前、术后的应激指标:血清IL-6、IL-10和CRP及营养蛋白:前白蛋白(prealbumin,PRE)、转铁蛋白(transferrin,TRF)、视黄醇结合蛋(retinal-binding protein,RbP)的变化.结果:两组患者CRP在术后1、2、3d均较术前明显升高(P<0.01),术后2d达到峰值,腹腔镜组术后CRP明显低于开腹组(P<0.01);两组患者血清IL-6、IL-10术后也明显升高,腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组(P<0.01),但IL-10升高持续时间短.PRE、TRF、RbP术后两组均较术前有明显下降(P<0.01),术后1 d、2 d两组各指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后3 d腹腔镜组4种蛋白指标均明显高于开腹组(P<0.01).结论:对高龄病人两种不同手术方式应激水平及内脏蛋白指标的研究提示,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术较开腹手术创伤小,应激水平低,有利于机体内脏蛋白的恢复,这对微创外科的实施是一个有力支持.     

Glucocorticoid enhances Na(+)/K(+) ATPase mRNA expression in rat olfactory mucosa during regeneration: a possible mechanism for recovery from olfactory disturbance.

Systemic or topical application of glucocorticoid is the treatment of choice for olfactory disturbance. Recently, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase and glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in the olfactory mucosa was reported. To elucidate a glucocorticoid action on Na(+)/K(+) ATPase production, an animal model was produced by an intra-nasal application of 5% ZnSO(4) solution to Wistar rats. Dexamethasone was injected i.p. (0.01 mg/100 g) for 14 days after the insult. Histologically, the regeneration process was completed on day 14 in both dexamethasone- and saline-injected control rats. We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to evaluate mRNA production of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase and glucocorticoid receptor. In dexamethasone-injected rats, up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA (95% more than control rats, P = 0.00068, unpaired t-test) and of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase mRNA expression (76% more than control rats, P = 0.0042) was observed on day 14. The increased Na(+)/K(+) ATPase expression in the regenerated olfactory mucosa is thought to be beneficial for an active uptake of K(+), which is released during excitation, around olfactory neurons and for the transepithelial absorption of Na(+) from olfactory mucus. Dexamethasone may thus contribute to the recovery of function after the morphological regeneration in part, at least, through its receptor by regulation of the ionic concentration in the olfactory mucosal microenvironment.     

Lithium-induced Hyperpolarization of the Human Rectum in Vivo

The transmucosal potential difference across the rectal mucosa was measured in 30 healthy subjects and in 13 psychiatric patients on lithium treatment for manic-depressive psychosis. It was significantly greater in the lithium-treated patients. A highly significant correlation was found between the potential difference and the serum lithium, and in all eight patients in whom it was measured before and one week after starting lithium treatment a rising potential difference was found. This phenomenon may possibly be explained in terms of resistance of the rectal mucosa to vasopressin.     

The effect of solar-geomagnetic activity during and after admission on survival in patients with acute coronary syndromes

A number of studies have established the effects of solar-geomagnetic activity on the human cardio-vascular system. It is plausible that the heliophysical conditions existing during and after hospital admission may affect survival in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We analyzed data from 1,413 ACS patients who were admitted to the Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania, and who survived for more than 4 days. We evaluated the associations between active-stormy geomagnetic activity (GMA), solar proton events (SPE), and solar flares (SF) that occurred 0–3 days before and after admission, and 2-year survival, based on Cox’s proportional-hazards model, controlling for clinical data. After adjustment for clinical variables, active-stormy GMA on the 2nd day after admission was associated with an increased (by 1.58 times) hazard ratio (HR) of cardiovascular death (HR?=?1.58, 95 % CI 1.07–2.32). For women, geomagnetic storm (GS) 2 days after SPE occurred 1 day after admission increased the HR by 3.91 times (HR?=?3.91, 95 % CI 1.31–11.7); active-stormy GMA during the 2nd–3rd day after admission increased the HR by over 2.5 times (HR?=?2.66, 95 % CI 1.40–5.03). In patients aged over 70 years, GS occurring 1 day before or 2 days after admission, increased the HR by 2.5 times, compared to quiet days; GS in conjunction with SF on the previous day, nearly tripled the HR (HR?=?3.08, 95 % CI 1.32–7.20). These findings suggest that the heliophysical conditions before or after the admission affect the hazard ratio of lethal outcome; adjusting for clinical variables, these effects were stronger for women and older patients.     

Mitochondrial ATPase activity and membrane fluidity changes in rat liver in response to intoxication with Buckthorn (Karwinskia humboldtiana)

Background

Karwinskia humboldtiana (Kh) is a poisonous plant of the rhamnacea family. To elucidate some of the subcellular effects of Kh toxicity, membrane fluidity and ATPase activities as hydrolytic and as proton-pumping activity were assessed in rat liver submitochondrial particles. Rats were randomly assigned into control non-treated group and groups that received 1, 1.5 and 2 g/Kg body weight of dry powder of Kh fruit, respectively. Rats were euthanized at day 1 and 7 after treatment.

Results

Rats under Kh treatment at all dose levels tested, does not developed any neurologic symptoms. However, we detected alterations in membrane fluidity and ATPase activity. Lower dose of Kh on day 1 after treatment induced higher mitochondrial membrane fluidity than control group. This change was strongly correlated with increased ATPase activity and pH gradient driven by ATP hydrolysis. On the other hand, membrane fluidity was hardly affected on day 7 after treatment with Kh. Surprisingly, the pH gradient driven by ATPase activity was significantly higher than controls despite an diminution of the hydrolytic activity of ATPase.

Conclusions

The changes in ATPase activity and pH gradient driven by ATPase activity suggest an adaptive condition whereby the fluidity of the membrane is altered.     

Gastric bypass reduces fat intake and preference

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most effective therapy for morbid obesity. This study investigated how gastric bypass affects intake of and preference for high-fat food in an experimental (rat) study and within a trial setting (human). Proportion of dietary fat in gastric bypass patients was significantly lower 6 yr after surgery compared with patients after vertical-banded gastroplasty (P = 0.046). Gastric bypass reduced total fat and caloric intake (P < 0.001) and increased standard low-fat chow consumption compared with sham controls (P < 0.001) in rats. Compared with sham-operated rats, gastric bypass rats displayed much lower preferences for Intralipid concentrations > 0.5% in an ascending concentration series (0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%) of two-bottle preference tests (P = 0.005). This effect was demonstrated 10 and 200 days after surgery. However, there was no difference in appetitive or consummatory behavior in the brief access test between the two groups (P = 0.71) using similar Intralipid concentrations (0.005% through 5%). Levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were increased after gastric bypass as expected. An oral gavage of 1 ml corn oil after saccharin ingestion in gastric bypass rats induced a conditioned taste aversion. These findings suggest that changes in fat preference may contribute to long-term maintained weight loss after gastric bypass. Postingestive effects of high-fat nutrients resulting in conditioned taste aversion may partially explain this observation; the role of GLP-1 in mediating postprandial responses after gastric bypass requires further investigation.     

Regulation of glucocorticoid receptors and Na−K ATPase activity by hydrocortisone in proximal tubular epithelial cells

Summary The effect of hydrocortisone (HC) in modulating glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na−K ATPase) activity was studied in primary cultures of immunoisolated murine proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC). Utilizing monoclonal antibody against stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, a homogeneous population of PTEC was obtained in high yield. The cells were cultured to confluence and further treated for 48 h in serum-free growth medium containing no HC (control); 50 nM HC; or 50 nM HC plus 20 nM of the antiglucocorticoid, RU 38486. PTEC treated with 50 nM HC had 56% of GR binding and 160% Na−K ATPase activity as compared to controls (P<0.01). GR binding was abolished by incubation in RU 38486 whereas Na−K ATPase fell below control values (P<0.05). Brief incubations of HC-treated PTEC with 0.5 mM ouabain resulted in a fall in GR binding without a change in Na−K ATPase activity. These data indicate that in PTEC, HC regulates GR binding and they suggest that stimulation of Na−K ATPase activity is a direct biological response to this receptor-hormone interaction. Thus, primary cultures of immunoaffinity-isolated PTEC offer a good model system for investigating the molecular basis underlying the regulation of GR binding and postreceptor events influenced by glucocorticoids.     

Dynamics of changes in bioactive molecules and antioxidant potential of Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Habanero at nine maturity stages

The changes in bioactive molecules (capsaicin, total phenol, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid and β-carotene) and antioxidant potential in Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Habanero were examined during nine maturity stages (at 7-day interval from fruit set). The rate of in vivo synthesis of these antioxidants increased progressively with advancing maturity. Capsaicin, ascorbic acid, and β-carotene contents increased about 3, 10, and 9 times, respectively, at 63 days after fruit set (DAFS) while the highest value for total phenol (~330 mg CE/100 g), flavonoid (~138 mg RE/100 g), DPPH radical scavenging activity (~82 %), and metal chelating activity (~75 %) recorded in 42–49 DAFS. Bioactive molecules were positively correlated with radical scavenging and metal chelating activities. The results underline the effect of maturity on the bioactive molecules and antioxidant potential suggesting that fruits at the red stage (42–49 DAFS) are optimal from the nutritional point of view.     

CT及MRI在直肠癌诊断和分期的应用价值研究

目的:探究在直肠癌的诊断以及分期方面,CT与MRI技术的应用价值。方法:选取我院近年来经过病理检测,确诊为直肠癌的患者160例,随机分为两个实验组,其中一组采取CT成像方法,另一组患者采取MRI成像。并记录在不同的分期中CT及MRI的应用价值。CT诊断包含了常规CT平扫以及CT增强扫描,MRI诊断包括轴位DWI、T2W1冠状位以及矢状位、轴位T1WI、轴位T2WI的图像。结果:在直肠癌的诊断中,CT诊断的T分期与病理性T分期差异不大,其准确率为70.0%。MRI诊断的T分期和病理性T分期差异极小,其准确率为85.0%。CT诊断的N分期与病理性N分期差异不大,准确率为72.5%;MRI诊断的N分期与病理性N分期差异较小,其准确率为87.5%。CT诊断的T分期以及N分期的准确率与MRI诊断的T分期以及N分期的准确率之间差异均存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在直肠癌的术前诊断以及局部分期中,MRI诊断与CT诊断相比,有更高的诊断价值。     

Norepinephrine stimulation of lymphocyte ATPase by an alpha adrenergic receptor mechanism.

The effects of norepinephrine in interaction with adrenergic blocking compounds were studied on membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities of human lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. Sodium-potassium ion exchange pump activity was assayed by 86-Rb uptake and ATPase activity of membrane fractions was assayed by ADP and inorganic phosphate generation. The results of these studies indicate that norepinephrine acts by an alpha adrenergic mechanism to enhance membrane sodium-potassium ion exchange pump activity and ATPase activity. The pharmacologic and ionic dissection of the adrenergic sensitivity of ATPase activity indicates that this alpha adrenergic mechanism is related to membrane ATPase activities in addition to that associated with the ion exchange pump. Analysis of fractions obtained by sucrose gradients indicates that the action of norepinephrine is localized in the plasma membrane. Beta adrenergic stimulation was observed to inhibit ATPase activity. The complexity of adrenergic effects on membrane ATPase suggests interactions of hormone modulation of membrane nucleotide cyclases and transport-related ATPase enzymes.