Quantitative analyses of sex and size differences in the macula neglecta and ramus neglectus in the inner ear of the skate,Raja ocellata

Summary In Raja ocellata the macula neglecta is located in the posterior canal duct of the inner ear at the junction with the sacculus. The maximum length and width of a freeze-dried macula from a male skate of 61 cm width is 1035 m and 315 m respectively. Ultrastructural studies show that the hair cells of the macula are of two types. Orientation of hair cells is towards the periphery with a reverse direction of polarization in 5.0 to 6.5% of the cells. The axons of the associated nerve, the ramus neglectus, are myelinated, and include both efferent and afferent fibres.Electron-microscopic studies and quantitative analyses reveal significant sex differences in the macula neglecta and ramus neglectus. Hair cell and axon numbers, and total axon areas increase linearly with skate size, and are significantly different in males and females for any given representative size of skate, the females having the larger counts. Since the macula neglecta functions as a vibration detector of far-field localizations, the gender difference may be involved in the location of prey, or in mate detection. It is unknown whether such differences occur in any other vertebrate species.     

Scanning electron microscopic observations of polyacrylamide gels.

Structures of polyacrylamide gels have been viewed in a scanning electron microscope. Structures observed after freeze-drying of the gels have been substantiated by different experiments as the preexisting structure of the gels in their state of hydration. Parameters of content and polymerization of polyacrylamide gels have been varied to reveal their effects on the observed morphology. The structural patterns revealed by electron microscopy suggest a model of both the polymerization and the molecular-sieving properties of these gels.     

Preliminary observations on the effects of selenate on the development of the embryonic skate, Raja eglanteria

Morphogenesis of the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria, was not significantly inhibited as a result of 7 days of exposure to 1-2 mM selenate in the sea water during Days 59-69 of embryonic development (hatching would normally have occurred at 82 +/- 4 days of incubation). Although corneal transparency appeared normal in the eye, preliminary measurements of the thickness of Bowman's layer of the cornea suggested that it was significantly thinner in the corneas of embryos exposed to 1-2 mM selenate. Selenate is an ion reported to inhibit sulfation of glycosaminoglycans in connective tissue.     

Scanning electron microscopic observations of Thelazia callipaeda from human

Four females and a male nematode isolated from 2 patients who visited eye clinics in Seoul were identified as Thelazia callipaeda and their ultrastructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). General features of the worms were slender and attenuated at both ends. Vaginal opening was located at 0.27 mm from the anterior end, and in front of the esophago-intestinal junction. In the body cuticle transverse striations varied characteristically through the body. The number of cuticular transverse striations was 400-650/mm at head portion, 250/mm at middle portion and 300-350/mm at tail portion. The SEM observation of the mouth part of the females showed 6 cord-like cuticular thickenings in hexagonal arrangement and an amphid was observed. A lateral line, a vaginal opening, a pair of phasmids, and an anus were identified in the body portion. A pair of papillae and 6 cord-like cuticular thickenings were on the mouth part of the male. It was difficult to observe structures at the tail of the male except wrinkle-like structures. Most of the larvae isolated from the uterus of a female worm were sheathed and thus cuticular striations were not seen. Others were un-sheathed and revealed cuticular striations. The oval membrane which encysted sheathed larvae was also observed. These are the 18th and 19th record of human thelaziasis in Korea as the literature are concerned.     

松褐天牛触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对松褐天牛Monochamus alternatusHope触角上的感器进行了观察和研究。结果表明:松褐天牛触角上共存在着6种感器,即毛形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、B hm氏鬃毛、锥形感器、耳形感器、钟形感器、角形感器。并对松褐天牛触角不同种类感器的形态、分布以及雌雄感器在分布和数量上的差别进行了描述。     

兴安落叶松鞘蛾触角及其感器的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对兴安落叶松鞘蛾Coleophora obducta(Meyrick)触角及其感器进行观察和研究。结果表明,兴安落叶松鞘蛾触角为丝状,其上共有8种感器:板形感器、锥形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器、毛形感器、鳞形感器、叉形感器和Bhm氏鬃毛,对各种感器的形态、分布特点进行描述,推测其可能具有的功能。雌雄蛾触角有明显的性二型现象,表现为雌雄触角大小不同,触角感器类型、大小、数量、分布不同。     

牛角花齿蓟马成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察

本研究旨在明确我国北方苜蓿重要害虫——牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti触角感器类型、形态特征及分布特点。利用扫描电镜观察牛角花齿蓟马雌、雄成虫触角的超微结构,比较雌、雄虫之间的差异。结果表明：牛角花齿蓟马雌虫触角长度（314.42±7.21 μm）明显较雄虫（260.58±5.69 μm）长,除柄节和第I鞭节外,其他各节雌虫均较雄虫粗大。牛角花齿蓟马成虫触角感器类型共有7种,即Bhm氏鬃毛（BB）、刺形感器（SChI, SChII）、锥形感器（SBI, SBII, SBIII）、钟形感器（SCa）、腔锥形感器（SCo）、腔形感器（SCav）和毛形感器（ST）,雌虫触角上述7种类型感器均有分布,而雄虫触角上未发现腔形感器。牛角花齿蓟马成虫触角感器在类型、形态特征及分布方面表现雌、雄个体差异。本研究为深入探究牛角花齿蓟马触角感器的嗅觉通讯机制提供形态学基础。     

Scanning electron microscopic observations of the oocyst, sporoblast and sporozoite of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface characteristics of the oocyst, sporoblast and sporozoite of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. Observations were made of the sporogonic stages of 6-12 day infections of the malaria parasite in Anopheles stephensi. Oocyst and sporoblast development were not synchronous. The surface of the undifferentiated (early stage) oocyst appeared smooth, whereas that of differentiated (late stage) oocysts were rough or wrinkled. The wall of the differentiated oocysts showed numerous micropores at higher magnification (x15,000-20,000) the biological significance of which is not known. Small, bud-like satellite bodies were seen attached to some oocysts. Various forms of different stages of the sporoblast were described. Sporozoite budding took place on the surface of the sporoblast body. The sporozoite was elongate, curved and with a blunt anterior end.     

Scanning electron microscopic observations of adult Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda)

The scanning electron microscope was used to illustrate the microtopographic features of the caudal end of adult male Baylisascaris procyonis. The male tail was relatively long, smoothly attenuated and often had a small button-like or mucronate termination. The preanal papillae were situated ventrally in two slightly divergent and somewhat irregularly spaced rows. Anterior and posterior to the anus were two slightly raised roughened patches consisting of several rows of small spines. Just anterior to the anus along the outer margin of the preanal roughened patch was a large double medioventral papilla. There were five pairs of postanal papillae with the first pair just posterior to the anus being double while the remaining four pairs were more closely associated in a group near the tail end. The second pair were also double papillae; however, in a few specimens they were not fused and appeared as two single closely associated papillae. The last three pairs of papillae were single. The fourth pair of caudal papillae were the phasmids and in the center of each was a ringed pore-like opening. The spicules of the male had a highly sculptured surface with a pincher-like terminal end.     

镰游仆虫腹面皮层细胞骨架的扫描电镜观察

应用非离子去垢剂抽提和扫描电镜样品制备、观察相结合的方法，显示了镰游仆虫的腹面皮层细胞骨架，详细描述了处于毛基体和毛基体下水平的口围带、口侧膜、额腹横棘毛骨架，以及口围带小膜托架、口侧膜托架、额腹横棘毛托架的主要附属纤维和非纤毛区表膜下皮层骨架的立体图形。作者据所述各种纤毛器托架附属纤维的定位和分布特征推测，这些附属结构可能与细胞内各种纤毛器间的联系，以及包括纤毛器运动在内的整个细胞运动的协调等有关。     

Scanning electron microscopic observations on the 9-day opossum (Didelphis virginiana) embryo

All three germ layers are present in the opossum embryo by the 9th prenatal day. The embryo proper is part of, and continuous with, the remainder of the chorionic wall. The wall of the yolk sac-chorion away from the embryo consists only of an outer covering of ectoderm and an inner layer of endoderm. Ectodermal cells covering the neural folds have dome-shaped apices and often show large, bleb-like expansions. Microvilli are short and few in number. The apical surfaces of ectodermal cells that overlie the parietal mesoderm are relatively smooth and show scattered, short microvilli that tend to be concentrated at cell junctions. The apices of ectodermal cells that cover the extraembryonic region are more rounded, and the cells balloon from the surface. Each cell shows abundant elongate microvilli and occasional cytoplasmic blebs. Endodermal cells that line the chorion and form the third (innermost) layer of the embryo are similar in their surface morphology.