PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因转化马铃薯体系的研究

以根癌农杆菌介导法将PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因导入马铃薯栽培品种,对影响马铃薯遗传转化的多种因素进行系统研究.结果表明:马铃薯茎段分化效率高于叶片,马铃薯愈伤诱导和芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.25mg/L+NAA 0.25mg/L+2,4-D 0.25mg/L,添加1%Na2SO3能有效防止褐化;茎段愈伤诱导和分化苗生根最适的Kan浓度分别为50mg/L和75mg/L;外植体预培养2d,OD600为0.2～0.5的农杆菌浓度侵染8min、共培养3d后进行选择培养能有效地提高植株再生能力.用PSAG12和ipt双重PCR检测再生植株,阳性转化率为65.8%.Southern blotting结果表明,转基因植株多以单拷贝形式整合进马铃薯基因组中.     

一种改进的水稻成熟胚愈伤组织高效基因转化系统

以成熟胚愈伤组织为材料的农杆菌介导水稻转化法虽已建立, 但转化频率仍有待提高。本文以粳稻(Oryz a sativa)品种(中花10号和中花11号)的成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为受体材料, 对组织培养体系及影响遗传转化的因素进行优化, 建立了一套改进的农杆菌介导的水稻高效遗传转化系统。农杆菌菌株为EHA105, 质粒载体是pUN1301/ OsRAA1, 其中含有标记基因GUS 和筛选基因HPT。愈伤组织诱导培养基为NBD2 (NB+2 mg·L-12,4-D), 继代培养基为NBD0.5, 预分化与分化培养基为RE1 (MS+1 mg·L-16-BA + 0.25 mg·L-1 NAA + 0.5 mg·L-1 KT + 0.2 mg·L-1 ZT)和RE2 (MS+ 1 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+ 0.5 mg·L-1 KT + 0.2 mg·L-1 ZT)。另外, 还分析了影响T-DNA转移的多种因素, 如外植体种类、愈伤组织预培养基和愈伤组织继代次数等。采用优化的转化程序, 水稻愈伤组织转化率和植株转化率可达70%以上。     

香石竹毛状根诱导、离体培养及其植株再生

为了探讨利用发根农杆菌遗传转化所产生的毛状根来创新香石竹种质的可能性,本文采用叶盘法,建立了发根农杆菌Agrobacterium rhizogenes对香石竹Dianthus caryophyllus L.叶片外植体的遗传转化及其植株再生体系。结果表明,发根农杆菌ATCC15834感染香石竹幼嫩叶片外植体12 d后,从叶片外植体切口中脉处产生白色毛状根,21 d后约90%的叶片外植体产生毛状根。所获得的无菌毛状根能在无外源激素的MS固体和液体培养基中快速自主生长。PCR扩增和硅胶薄层层析结果显示发根农杆菌Ri质粒的rol B和rol C基因以及冠瘿碱合成酶基因已在香石竹毛状根基因组中整合并得到表达。将毛状根置于MS+6-BA 1.0-3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1-0.2 mg/L中培养15 d后产生淡黄绿色的疏松愈伤组织。愈伤组织不定芽分化的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.02 mg/L,培养6周后不定芽分化率为100%;平均每个愈伤组织产生30-40个不定芽;将不定芽转至1/2 MS或1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L NAA的培养基中10 d后产生不定根,发育成再生植株。再生植株移植于栽培基质中20 d后,成活率达95%以上。     

洋桔梗的转基因研究

以叶盘为外植体,通过农杆菌菌株C58Cl(pPMP90)介导,开展了用植物表达载体pK2-35S-GFP(含GFP基因)转化洋桔梗(Eustoma russellianum)的研究。洋桔梗叶盘用农杆菌浸染15-20min,在共培养基上与农杆菌共培养2d后,转移到分化培养基上诱导愈伤组织。10d后选取部分叶盘在紫外灯下观察GFP的荧光亮点,结果80%以上的叶盘都有GFP的荧光亮点,说明农杆菌对叶盘的感染效率很高。在分化培养基上红花洋桔梗叶盘不定芽分化频率约为30%,把分化培养基上形成的小苗转移到含有Km(20mg/L)的生根培养基上,进行生根诱导筛选具有Km抗性的转基因植株,统计结果说明红花洋桔梗的转化效率为2.4%。随机选取4株具有Km抗性的洋桔梗植株进行PCR检测,结果均为阳性,证明GFP基因已整合到洋桔梗基因组中,选取经PCR检测为阳性的植株叶片,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察,结果发现有GFP的绿色荧光出现在叶片细胞质中,说明叶片中有GFP蛋白的表达,转化试验成功。     

抗虫转基因甘蓝及其后代的研究

通过农杆菌感染法将苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因转移进了甘蓝的基因组,带子叶柄的子叶作为外植体与农杆菌共培养.发生在子叶柄基部的愈伤组织在含卡那霉素(Km)15～30mg/L的MS培养基上进行筛选,约5%外植体上的愈伤组织继续长大,当移到含Km和6-BA的分化培养基上时,愈伤组织分化出绿色的芽.将芽分离培养,约80%在加有Km的培养基上被诱导生了根.未转化的对照组织在筛选培养基上不能分化出正常的芽和根系,并且逐渐褐化死亡.小菜粉蝶的幼虫被饲喂以转基因植株的叶片,幼虫出现中毒症状,表现为发育受阻和死亡.约20%受试植物的DNA与苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因探针杂交显阳性带.由转基因植株的种子长成的第2代甘蓝幼苗的卡那霉素抗性和植株的抗小菜粉蝶的活力均符合孟德尔单基因分离规律.     

百合鳞片的诱导分化及遗传转化效率分析

基因工程是改良百合性状的重要手段,建立高效稳定的遗传转化体系是百合转基因研究的基础。以百合地下茎鳞片为外植体,筛选并优化百合的直接和间接再生体系;把含枸杞GR(Glutathione reductase)基因和筛选基因NPTII的载体,利用农杆菌转化法对鳞片和愈伤组织进行转基因操作,采用正交试验,优化转化条件以建立适合不同受体的遗传转化体系。结果表明,各阶段最优培养条件分别为:鳞片诱导和膨大MS+2mg/L 2,4-D(2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸)+0.1mg/L NAA(萘乙酸)+ 90g/L蔗糖;鳞片直接分化MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA(6-苄氨基嘌呤)+0.2mg/L NAA+ 30g/L蔗糖,间接分化MS+2.5mg/L 2,4-D +0.4mg/L TDZ(噻重氮苯基脲)+60g/L蔗糖;百合鳞片的Kana(卡那霉素)选择压为100mg/L,愈伤组织75mg/L。遗传转化体系条件为:鳞片,农杆菌OD₆₀₀=0.6,预培养3d,侵染40min,As(乙酰丁香酮)200μmol/L,阳性植株转化率为17.50%;鳞片分化愈伤组织,农杆菌OD₆₀₀,预培养5d,侵染40min,As 200μmol/L,阳性植株转化率为12.60%。     

一种改进的水稻成熟胚愈伤组织高效基因转化系统

以成熟胚愈伤组织为材料的农杆菌介导水稻转化法虽已建立,但转化频率仍有待提高.本文以粳稻(Oryza sativa)品种(中花10号和中花11号)的成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为受体材料,对组织培养体系及影响遗传转化的因素进行优化,建立了一套改进的农杆菌介导的水稻高效遗传转化系统.农杆菌菌株为EHA105,质粒载体是pUN1301/OsRAA1,其中含有标记基因GUS和筛选基因HPT.愈伤组织诱导培养基为NBD2(NB 2 mg·L-12,4-D),继代培养基为NBD0.5,预分化与分化培养基为RE1(MS 1 mg·L-16-BA 0.25 mg·L-1NAA 0.5 mg·L-1KT 0.2 mg·L-1ZT)和RE2(MS 1 mg·L-16-BA 0.5 mg·L-1NAA 0.5 mg·L-1KT 0.2 mg·L-1ZT).另外,还分析了影响T-DNA转移的多种因素,如外植体种类、愈伤组织预培养基和愈伤组织继代次数等.采用优化的转化程序,水稻愈伤组织转化率和植株转化率可达70%以上.     

根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因素研究

研究了根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因子。结果表明,以蓝色花类型蓝猪耳5~6周的叶片为外植体,在OD₆₀₀为0.5~0.6的活化菌液中浸染5~10min,暗培养4d后,在愈伤组织诱导培养基(MS+BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L)上生长14d,获得抗性愈伤组织;经芽诱导培养基(1/2MS+BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)培养28d得到抗性芽;生根培养基(1/2MS)上培养14d得到抗性植株。经PCR检测证实外源基因已整合到蓝猪耳基因组中,转化率达13%~14%。Cef和Hyg浓度对转化影响较大,转化的不同阶段其适宜浓度不同。     

苏云金杆菌内毒素蛋白基因转入葡萄胚性愈伤组织细胞及转基因植株再生的研究

以葡萄的胚性愈伤组织作为农杆菌介导,Ti质粒转化材料,利用共培养法将苏云金杆菌内毒素蛋白基因转入葡萄胚性愈伤组织细胞,通过胚状体发生途径再生转基因植株。实验发现:80μmol/L的乙酰丁香酮诱导处理农杆菌和葡萄愈伤组织后可将转化效率提高50倍。OD值为0.8的农杆菌菌液稀释8—10信后与在G培养基预培养10天的胚性愈伤组织共培养2—3夭,Ti质粒对葡萄愈伤组织细胞的转化效率可达50%左右。筛选得到的转基因植株在含Km 30 mg/L的选择培养基上继代存活6个月,生长正常;提取叶片染色体DNA做Southern blot,杂交结果为阳性。将转基因植株各部分切段置于含Km 50 mg/L的选择培养基上,能够脱分化产生抗性愈伤组织并能增殖。     

新疆雪莲植株再生体系研究初探

以新疆雪莲叶片、叶柄和根为外植体,诱导新疆雪莲植株再生,获得愈伤组织诱导、分化和生根最佳培养基,并初步建立其再生体系.研究结果表明:所用培养基均能诱导出愈伤组织且诱导率最高可达100%,分化率最高可达78%.对不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导结果表明:叶片和叶柄的诱导效果最好,根的诱导效果较差.其中对叶片愈伤组织诱导效果最好的培养基是MS+NAA0.50 mg/L+2,4-D0.10 mg/L+6-BA1.00mg/L,对叶柄的诱导效果最好的培养基是MS+NAA1.00mg/L+2,4-D0.10mg/L+6-BA0.10mg/L;分化培养基以MS+NAA0.20 mg/L+6-BA1.00mg/L较适宜,生根培养基以1/2MS0+NAA1.00mg/L较适宜.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.