中国紫堇属伞花紫堇组的初步研究

伞花紫堇组(Sect.Benecinctae Fedde ex C.Y.Wu et T.Y.Shu)是集中分布在我国云南,四川和西藏接壤地区的特有高山类群,其独特的形态特征在紫堇属中有别于其他各组,是十分自然的一类。1928年Fedde建立本组(Fedde,Repert.25:221,1928),后来他又将它降为亚组(Subsect.Benecinctae Fedde)置于真紫堇组(Sect.Eucorydalis Prantl)之下(Fedde in Engler et Prantl,Naturl Pflanzenfam.17b:     

中国紫堇属伞花紫堇组的初步研究

伞花紫堇组（Sect. Denecinctae Fendde ex C．Y．Wu et T.Y．Shu）是集中分布在我国云南，四川和西藏接壤地区的特有高山类群，其独特的形态特征在紫堇属中有别于其他各组，是十分自然的一类。1928年Fedde建立本组（Fedde，Repert．25：221，1928），后来他又将它降为亚组（Subsect．Benecinctae Fedde） 置于真紫堇组（Sect．Eucorydalis Prantl）之下（Fedde in Engler et Prantl，Naturl Pflanzenfam．17b：134，1936），鉴于Fedde在建立本组时缺乏拉丁描述，以及近年来的一些新发现已为Fedde原有记载所不能包括，所以作者除恢复 Fedde首次建立的组的等级外还作了拉丁的补充描述。     

中国紫堇属糙果紫堇组的研究

糙果紫堇组(Sect.Trachycarpae)是Fedde于1924年建立的,组模式种:糙果紫堇Corydalis trachycarpa Maxim. 一、形态特征 小草本;须根多数成簇,棒状肉质增粗;茎若干,上部不分枝或具少数分枝,下部无叶,向基部渐狭成丝状;基生叶少数,具长柄,叶片三回(稀二回)羽状分裂,茎生叶通常2—4枚,具短柄至无柄,通常生于茎上部;总状花序顶生,大多密集多花,具     

中国紫堇属曲花紫堇组的研究

曲花紫堇组(Sect.Rapiferae)是1936年由Fedde建立的,当时大约有20种。我们在做中国植物志的过程中,对大量标本进行了分析研究后,本组已是包括有41种的大组。模式种:曲花紫堇Corydalis curviflora Maxim。     

中国紫堇属(Corydalis Vent.)尖突紫堇组(Sect.Mucroniferae Fedde)的分类和分布

尖突紫堇组(Sect.Mucroniferae Fedde)是青藏高原及喜马拉雅地区特有的高山类群。分布中心在北纬28—32度,东经88—96度之间,除短喙黄堇(C.brevirostrataC.Y.Wu et T.Y.Shu)生长在海拔3600米的林间草甸外,全部种类生长在4000—5400米的高原荒漠、流石滩、砂砾地或河滩上。在高海拔低纬度的自然条件下,它们共同发育了适应干寒和强辐射的特性。本组植物为具主根垫状高山草本,叶柄宽展,叶片1—     

中国紫堇属曲花堇组的研究

曲花紫堇组(Sect．Rapiferae)是1936年由Fedde建立的,当时大约有20种。我们在做中国植物志的过程中,对大量标本进行了分析研究后,本组已是包括有41种的大组。模式种:曲花紫Corydalis curviflora Maxim．     

多齿红山茶核型的分析

多齿红山茶(Camellia polyodondta How ex Hu)又名宛田红花油茶,属于山茶属(Camellia L.)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia),特产我国广西,花瓣红色有条纹呈鳞片状和色斑,具较高的观赏价值,种子油可食用。本文继1981年对多齿红山茶的染色体数目报道后,对其核型做了分析。并在此基础上,对比了红山茶组的浙江红山茶(C.chekiangoleosa Hu),南山茶(C.semiserrata Chi)和白花南山茶(C.semiserrata var.albiflora Hu ex Huang)的核型,初步对这些     

紫堇属(Corydalis DC.)植物的种子形态及其分类学意义

在光学显微镜下研究了湖北产紫堇属(Corydalis DC.)15种及2变型的种子形态特征。结果表明,其种子小,近圆形、扁圆形或肾形,黑色或深棕色,具油质体。油质体帽状、扇形、条形或不规则,紧贴种子表面或分离。根据种子表面形态,种子可分为4种类型:(1)表面光滑,如大叶紫堇(C.temulifolia Franch.)、川东紫堇(C.acuminata Franch.)、巴东紫堇(C.hemsleyana Franch.ex Prain)、北岭黄堇(C.fargesii Franch.)、鄂西黄堇(C.shennongensis H.Chuang)和小药八旦子(C.caudata(Lam.)Pers.);(2)表面具刺或疣状突起,如阜平黄堇(C.wilfordii Regel)、小花黄堇(C.racemosa(Thunb.)Pers.)、地锦苗(C.sheareri S.Moore)和珠芽地锦苗(C.sheareri S.Moore f.bulbillifera Hand.-Mazz.);(3)表面具凹点状印痕,如刻叶紫堇(C.incisa(Thunb.)Pers.)、紫堇(C.edulis Maxim.)、地柏枝(C.cheilanthifolia Hemsl.)、蛇果黄堇(C.ophiocarpa Hook.f.et Thoms.)、北越紫堇(C.balansae Prain)和延胡索(C.yanhusuo(Y.H.Chou et C.C.Hsu)W.T.Wang ex Z.Y.Su et C.Y.Wu);(4)表面具凹点状印痕,并被有疣状突起,如伏生紫堇(C.decumbens(Thunb.)Pers.)。种子大小、形状和表面形态以及油质体形态在种内相对稳定,对一些物种的划分具有较重要的意义。     

耳蕨属一新组——新生耳蕨组

描述了耳蕨属一新组——新生耳蕨组Sect．Neopolystichum Ching。小羽片背面具披针形小鳞片 使得新生耳蕨组显著区别于后生耳蕨组Sect．Metapolystichum Tagawa(emend．Zhang＆Kung,1996)。 本文对新生耳蕨组进行了分类学研究,共记载本组植物7种,并给出了各种植物的地理分布。认为九州 耳蕨P．kiusiuense Tagawa是大叶耳蕨P．grandifrons C. Chr．的一异名,二尖耳蕨P.biaristatum(Bl．)Moore极有可能并不分布于喜马拉雅、中南半岛、缅甸和云南。     

紫堇属一新组——钩距黄堇组

多年生丛生草本,基生叶发达,根多数,肉质,簇生。总状花序多花,花污黄色,密集,通常倾斜俯垂,距钩状弯曲,柱头具8乳突。蒴果披针形,长圆形或倒卵形。 4种,1亚种,1变种,产我国的云南,四川,西藏和青海等地。 本组与糙果紫堇组Sect.Trachycarpae Fedde亲缘接近,区别是花污黄色,距钩状弯曲。     

中国石杉属(狭义)小杉兰组的分类学研究

本文将石杉科石杉属(狭义)分为两组,即小杉兰组Sect．Huperzia和蛇足石杉组Sect．Serratae (Rothm．)Holub,对小杉兰组的概念进行了修订并对国产有关种类进行了分类学研究。共记载国产小杉 兰组植物12种1变种,并包括1个新组合:Huperzia quasipolytrichoides(Hayata)Ching var. rectifolia (J．F．Cheng)H．S．Kung et L．B．Zhang,2个新异名:H．hupehensis Ching和H．whangshanensisChing et P．C．Chiu．     

五种苏铁属植物的核形态

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.)5种植物的染色体数目和核型,除多歧苏铁外,其他种均为首次报道。5个种的体细胞中期染色体核型公式分别为：滇南苏铁C.diannanensis K(2n)=2x=22=2m 4sm 4st 12T;潭清苏铁C.tanqingii K(2n)=2x=22=2m 8sm 2st 10T;多歧苏的Cmultipinnata K(2n)=2x=22=4m 8st 2st 8T;巴兰萨苏铁C.balansae K(2n)=2x=xx=2m 4sm 6st 10T。石山苏铁C.miquelii K(2n)=22=2m 6sm(1SAT) 4st 10T;核型均属于3B型。本研究结果支持苏铁属植物的核型从不对称进化的观点;同时,支持将巴兰萨苏铁和石山苏铁归入攀枝花苏铁组的台湾苏铁亚组的观点。     

Notulae De Ranunculaceis Sinensibus(ⅩⅩⅡ)

(1) In the overwhelming majority of genera of the family Ranunculaceae, includ ing its primitive genera, Caltha, Calathodes, and Trollius and the primitive genus of trib. Anemoneae, Anemone, the sepals are spreading and the stamens are glabrous. So, the as cending or upright sepals and hairy stamens of the sections Meclatis, Tubulosa, Viorna, and Atragene of the genus Clematis are secondary, and are accordingly considered as advanced characters, and those sections and the genus Archiclematis, closely related to Sect. Viorna Subsect. Connatae, more or less advanced groups. (2) In the sections Cheiropsis, Fruticella, and Viticella, which have glabrous stamens,some species have spreading sepals, and the others have ascending or upright sepals. In Sect. Clematis, all the species have spreading sepals and glabrous stamens, except for Clematis pinnata, which has ascending sepals and usually hairy stamen filaments. In Sect. Lasiantha with 2 species restricted to western U. S. A., C. lasiantha has glabrous stamens, while C. paucifiora has stamens hairy on fliaments. In Sect. Naraveliopsis with spreading sepals,the majority of species have glabrous stamens, but one species, C.liboensis, endemic to Guizhou Province, China, has hairy stamens. These facts just mentioned indicate that the evolution of sepals and stamens took place in several lineages independently in Clematis. (3) In Clematis, glabrous stamens of C.apiifolia, C.grata, and C.montana with linear filaments and oblong anthers, are similar to those of Caltha, Calathodes, Trollius, and Anemone. Thus, the linear filaments and oblong anthers are considered primitive characters in Clematis. On the other hand, lanceolatelinear filaments of C. tangutica and C. aethusifolia or oblanceolate -linear filaments of C. courtoisii and C. loureiriana and linear anthers of C. meyeniana and C. uncinata, and narrow-linear anthers of C. courtoisii and C. lanuginosa are considered advanced ones. In ease of stamens with hairs, stamens of C. henryi with densely villous filaments and those of C. kweichowensis with both filaments and anthers densely pubescent show more advanced condition than those of C. pinnata, C. heracleifolia, and C. tangutica, with sparsely puberulous filaments and glabrous antbers(Fig. 1 ). (4)The pedunculate, 2-bracteate dichasial cyme with several flowers may represent the primitive type of inflorescences in Clematis. Manyflowered panicle-like cymes as in C.gouriana and C. tsaii, or few-l-flowered cymes as in C. henryi and C. repens, and cymes lacking peduncles and bracts as in C. montana and C. pogonandra are all considered advanced. Besides, the fact that flowers arise from axillary buds of old branches shows also an advanced condition. (5)Sect. Clematis subsect. Pinnatae, with leaflets, inflorescence ramification, and stamens similar to those of C. heracleifolia, is considered intermediate between Sect. Clematis and Sect. Tubulosa. (6) Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae are so closely related to each other respectively that it is difficult to ascertain the systematic position of some intermediate species between the two subsections of each pair in the absence of seedlings. So, in the present paper, following the classification of Clematis proposed by Tamura in 1967, I put Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae in Sect. Clematis, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae in Sect. Viorna. (7)According to the evolutionary tendencies mentioned above, a realignment of the sections and the infrasectional taxa of the Chinese Clematis is made. (8) Six subsections, 6 serise, 2 species, and 4 varieties are described as new, and 5 new combinations, 4 new ranks, and 2 new names are given. (9)The specific rank of C. tenuipes W.T. Wang, reduced to varietal renk in 1980, is restord. C. taiwaniana Hayata, reduced to synonomy of C. grata Wall. in 1991, is considered distinct from the latter in hairy adaxial surface of sepal and narrower achene with tapering apex. C. kerriana Drumm. & Craib and C. laxipaniculata Pei are proved to be conspecific to C. subumbellata Kurz and reduced to syn-onymy.     

山茶科紫茎属和舟柄茶属的系统学研究

本文对山茶科紫茎属和舟柄茶属进行了深入细致的系统学研究,藉助形态学、古植物学、孢粉学,细胞学和解剖学资料澄清了两属的分合问题,证实两属在各方面具有较大相似性,并且各分类特征存在广泛的联系而无法分开,从而赞同H．K．Airy Shaw,J．R．Sealy及S．A.Spongberg的主张,即将这两属合并。在此基础上本文提出了世界范围广义紫茎属下分类系统。属下新系统根据花柱合生程度、花序类型,苞片与萼片的形状以及两者的相对长度等特征,分为两个亚属,五个组,同时对该属种类进行修订。该属共有23种5变种,本文发表新组1个,新名称2个,新组合9个,新异名10个,新种1个,并附有分种检索表。广义的紫茎属为东亚-北美间断分布类型,中国南部和西南部是该属的起源中心和高度分化中心。根据化石资料推断,该属起源于早白垩纪,在第三纪以前于整个劳亚古陆上呈广泛而连续的分布,后因冰川及造山运动的影响,从而形成现在的分布格局。     

Viola stoloniflora (Violaceae), a new species from the Ryukyus

Viola stoloniflora Yokota et Higa (Violaceae) is newly described from Okinawa Island, the Ryukyus. This species is characterized by the procumbent stolons, the almost round leaf blades, the densely pilose petioles, the ebarbate white petals with violet veins, and the chromosome number of 2n=22. The present species belongs to Sect.Nomimium, Subsect.Serpentes and is closely related to theV. iwagawai group of Sect.Nomimium, Subsect.Adnatae.     

紫堇属突尖紫堇组的订正

突尖紫堇组计６种２变种,特产于中国西部的四川,云南,贵州,而集中分化于四川西部。本文描述了本组的特征集要,４新种和２新变种,即龙溪紫堇,凯里紫堇,羽叶紫堇,长距紫堇,无囊紫堇,多裂长距紫堇。     

栝楼属花粉形态研究及其在分类学上的意义

本文收集了国内外栝楼属Trichosanthes 31种1变种,在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,进行了花粉粒形态的比较观察。该属花粉粒为3孔沟型,外壁表面纹饰可分为四个类型,即：疣状或皱波状(小苞组),粗网状(大苞组),细网状或光滑(叶苞组),近光滑或皱波状(王瓜组)。这四个类型的划分与植物形态分类基本一致,可作为分组及分种的依据之一。花粉特征支持将叶苞组分为叶苞亚组和柔毛亚组,如叶苞亚组有明显的沟,而柔毛亚组没有。     

中国-喜玛拉雅特有属——蓝钟花属的分类修订

Cyananthus Wallich ex Bentham, the only genus of Campanulaceae with superior ovary, is revised to clarify infrageneric relationships and phylogeny of the genus. Evidence obtained from the comparative gross morphology, anatomy, palynology, and karyomorpho-logy recommends a new infrageneric classification of the genus, recognizing 23 species, belonging to two subgenera, four sections and four subsections. One subgenus(Subgen. Mi-cranthus), one section(Sect. Suffruticulosi) and two subsections(Subsect. Flavi and Sub-sect. Lichiangenses)are described as new taxa. New combinations at sectional (Sect. Annui) and subsectional(Subsect. Stenolobi) ranks are also proposed. The genus Cyananthus is strictly distributed in the high mountains of China(Xizang, Yunnan and Sichuan), extending to Bhutan, Nepal and India (Kumaon-Garhwal, Assam and Sikkim), with altitudinal ranges from 2500 ~ 5300 m. It is observed that 13 species are endemic to SW China and only three species are endemic to the Himalayas( two species in Ne     

栝楼属种皮的扫描电镜观察及其分类学意义

栝楼属３１种和３变种皮的扫描电镜观察和比较显示了种皮表面特征的高度多样性,它们可分为长方网型,波浪型,蜂窝型和不规则型等,这些类型的划分能为方子组,柔毛亚组的建立及一些种的归属提供依据。