Rapid Cervical Cytology Screening

2030 Papanicolaou-stained cervical smears were submitted for rapid screening prior to routine screening; 30 seconds were allowed for each slide, and those thought to be abnormal were identified. The results were compared with those of conventional screening. All severe and moderately dyskaryotic cases were detected by the rapid technique, as were the majority of mild dyskaryosis and borderline cases. When a laboratory has a backlog it may be worth rapid-screening all slides in addition to routine screening, so that patients most at risk can receive prompt treatment.     

A Cervical Cytology Program in General Practice

In a six-year period 723 women were examined using cervical cytology smears. Fifteen cancers of the cervix were discovered, including two invasive growths and 13 carcinoma in situ. A careful follow-up was carried out, and the later appearance of cancer was noted in 12 of 41 patients who initially showed only atypical cells. It is recommended that all patients showing “positive” cells (atypical, suspicious, or cancer morphology cells) undergo cone biopsy for definitive histological diagnosis. Target lesions should have punch biopsy. Four cancers were found in 170 obstetrical patients, and it is recommended that this proved high-risk group be screened both prenatally and postnatally. The importance of annual screening of all women over 20 years of age for cancer of the cervix by cytological methods is emphasized.     

Survey of Cervical Cytology in General Practice

In a practice in an industrial area a cervical cytology service was offered to women, and in the years 1967-70 280 cervical smears were carried out. In 1971 all women born between 1 January 1920 and 31 December 1935 who had not had a cervical smear taken in the preceding four years were sent a letter explaining the service and inviting them to attend. Those who did not attend received a second letter and, if necessary, a visit by a nurse in an effort to persuade them to do so.Eventually 88·4% of the women in this age group who could be traced attended, and 16 abnormal cervical smears were reported. As a result of cone biopsy 12 women were found to have carcinoma in situ.     

薄层液基细胞学检查在宫颈普查中应用的临床分析

目的：评价薄层液基细胞学检查在宫颈普查中应用的临床价值。方法：选择经薄层液基细胞学门诊普查妇女520例,其中经TCT检查结果提示ASCUS以上的妇女76例,均进一步采取阴道镜下宫颈活检病理检查,将TCT检查结果与阴道镜下宫颈活检病理检查结果对比分析。结果：TCT检查结果具有较高的检出率及符合率,HSIL组、SCC组与LSIL组符合率比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：TCT检查作为妇科宫颈普查的方法,具有检出率及符合率高的优点;检查结果为HSIL或SCC时,应引起临床极高度重视。     

薄层液基细胞学检查在宫颈普查中应用的临床分析

目的:评价薄层液基细胞学检查在宫颈普查中应用的临床价值。方法:选择经薄层液基细胞学门诊普查妇女520例,其中经TCT检查结果提示ASCUS以上的妇女76例,均进一步采取阴道镜下宫颈活检病理检查,将TCT检查结果与阴道镜下宫颈活检病理检查结果对比分析。结果:TCT检查结果具有较高的检出率及符合率,HSIL组、SCC组与LSIL组符合率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TCT检查作为妇科宫颈普查的方法,具有检出率及符合率高的优点;检查结果为HSIL或SCC时,应引起临床极高度重视。     

宫颈液基超薄细胞学检查临床应用价值探讨

目的探讨宫颈液基超薄细胞学检查（Thinp rep cytologic,TCT）和Bethesda系统（TBS）在宫颈病变诊断中的临床价值。方法对3146例本院宫颈疾病就诊者行TCT检查和TBS细胞学分类诊断,对TCT检查异常者进行阴道镜病理检查。结果异常涂片208例（占6．61％）,其中不典型鳞状细胞（ASC）68例（2．19％）,低度鳞状上皮内瘤变（LSIL）95例（3．02％）高度鳞状上皮内瘤变（HSIL）41例（1．31％）。鳞状细胞癌（SCC）4例（0．12％）。异常细胞涂片30-39岁80例（38．1％）,40—49岁55例（26．12％）,与其他年龄组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。TCT检查与病理检查符合率分别为LSIL81％,HSIL92％,SCC100％,两者比较差异无统计学意义。结论TCT结合TBS应用于宫颈细胞涂片配合阴道镜活检,是筛查和诊断宫颈癌前病变的可靠手段。     

Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Co-Test Results Preceding Incident High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Objective

High-risk HPV (hrHPV) and cytology co-testing is utilized for primary cervical cancer screening and for enhanced follow-up of women who are hrHPV-positive, cytology negative. However, data are lacking on the utility of this method to detect pre-cancer or cancer in community-based clinical practice. This study describes cytology and hrHPV results preceding high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, or cervical cancer (i.e., CIN2+) in an integrated health system employing routine co-testing among women aged 30 years and older.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adult female members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) with incident CIN2+ between July 2008 and June 2009. The primary outcome was the proportions of cytologic diagnoses and hrHPV co-test results preceding a diagnosis of CIN2+. Cervical cytology and hrHPV testing results were abstracted from electronic medical records.

Results

Of 1283 CIN2+ cases among adult women, 880 (68.5%) were among women aged 30 years and older and 145/880 (16.5%, 95% CI 14.1–19.1) had only normal cytology during the 12 months prior to diagnosis. Furthermore, 133/880 (15.1%, 95% 12.9–17.7) were preceded by only normal cytology and persistent hrHPV infection (at least 2 positive hrHPV tests) during the 6–36 months preceding CIN2+ diagnosis.

Conclusions

Incident CIN2+ is frequently preceded by normal cytology and persistent hrHPV infection among women aged 30 years and older; screening strategies that employ HPV testing and cytology may improve the detection of CIN2+ compared with cytology alone.     

Semantic Focusing Allows Fully Automated Single-Layer Slide Scanning of Cervical Cytology Slides

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) in conjunction with Whole-Slide Imaging (WSI) enables the objective and sensitive and quantitative evaluation of biomarkers in cytology. However, the complex three-dimensional distribution of cells on LBC slides requires manual focusing, long scanning-times, and multi-layer scanning. Here, we present a solution that overcomes these limitations in two steps: first, we make sure that focus points are only set on cells. Secondly, we check the total slide focus quality. From a first analysis we detected that superficial dust can be separated from the cell layer (thin layer of cells on the glass slide) itself. Then we analyzed 2,295 individual focus points from 51 LBC slides stained for p16 and Ki67. Using the number of edges in a focus point image, specific color values and size-inclusion filters, focus points detecting cells could be distinguished from focus points on artifacts (accuracy 98.6%). Sharpness as total focus quality of a virtual LBC slide is computed from 5 sharpness features. We trained a multi-parameter SVM classifier on 1,600 images. On an independent validation set of 3,232 cell images we achieved an accuracy of 94.8% for classifying images as focused. Our results show that single-layer scanning of LBC slides is possible and how it can be achieved. We assembled focus point analysis and sharpness classification into a fully automatic, iterative workflow, free of user intervention, which performs repetitive slide scanning as necessary. On 400 LBC slides we achieved a scanning-time of 13.9±10.1 min with 29.1±15.5 focus points. In summary, the integration of semantic focus information into whole-slide imaging allows automatic high-quality imaging of LBC slides and subsequent biomarker analysis.     

液基细胞、HPV检测与阴道镜宫颈癌的筛查方面的应用研究

目的:探讨液基薄层细胞学检查、HPV-DNA检测、阴道镜检查在宫颈癌早期诊断中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析92例宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查未能明确诊断意义的宫颈非典型鳞状细胞病变患者,进行HPV-DNA检测与阴道镜检查,将检测的结果进行对比研究.结果:阴道镜与宫颈液基薄层细胞检查(TCT)及HPV检测在宫颈上皮内瘤变的灵敏度相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),阴道镜的检出率最高.随着TCT结果的病变级别提高,HPV感染率也提高,ASCUS组与LSIL组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL病理活检的阳性率差异明显(P＜0.05),有统计学意义.宫颈的不同病变年龄主要集中在31-50岁之间.结论:宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查异常的患者,应进行HPV检测及阴道镜下活检,三步筛查法可大幅度提高宫颈高度病变的检出率,并且30-50岁的女性应定期做宫颈细胞学检查、HPV检测及阴道镜检查.     

液基细胞学和DNA倍体检测筛查宫颈病变的临床研究

目的:研究液基细胞学和DNA倍体检测筛查宫颈病变的价值,为临床应用提供理论依据。方法:选择2011年6月-2013年5月在我院门诊就诊或体检中心体检,行宫颈癌筛查的2034名受试者,同时行宫颈液基细胞学检查和细胞DNA倍体分析,其中71人有组织病理学结果。结果:71例组织病理学结果中,组织学诊断慢性宫颈炎33例,CINⅠ21例,CINⅡ11例,CINⅢ6例;液基细胞学TBS分级26例WNL,24例ASCUS,4例ASC-H,14例LSIL,3例HSIL;DNA定量细胞学异倍体细胞数0个24例,1~2个35例,3~14个11例,15~个1例。ROC曲线液基细胞学曲线下面积为0.921(95%CI为0.859~0.983),DNA倍体检测曲线下面积为0.836(95%CI为0.743~0.929)。结论:液基细胞学与DNA倍体检测对筛查宫颈病变有较高的预测价值,值得在临床上推广应用。