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1.
植物MAPK级联途径参与调控ABA信号转导 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联途径信号通路在真核生物细胞信号的转换和放大过程中起重要作用。MAPK级联途径由三个成员组成,分别是MAPK、MAPKK及MAPKKK,此三个信号组分按照MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK的方式依次磷酸化将外源信号级联放大向下传递。大量研究表明,植物MAPK级联途径参与调控脱落酸(ABA)信号转导。因此,该文就ABA和MAPK的生物学功能、ABA信号转导中的磷酸化与去磷酸化以及MAPK级联途径与ABA信号转导之间的关系等方面的研究进展进行综述,以便进一步认识MAPK和ABA信号转导的分子机制。 相似文献
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植物胞质分裂发生机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
胞质分裂(cytohnesis)是指在同一细胞中在新形成的两个子核之间形成新的间隔,将母细胞一分为二的过程。胞质分裂存在于任何一种生命形式中,从单细胞的细菌到多细胞的真核生物都能进行胞质分裂。近些年由于细胞学方法的改进和研究材料增多等因素,使得对植物胞质分裂发生机制的研究取得了很大的进展。现对植物中不同类型的胞质分裂在细胞学、分子生物学方面的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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蔡雪 《发育与生殖生物学报》1999,16(2):49-56
大多数植物以形成细胞板方式完成胞质分裂过程,也有些植物以类似于动物和单细胞植物在赤道区形成收缩沟的方式而分成两部分。本工作应用电镜对朱顶红体外萌发9-18小时花粉管中的生殖细胞胞质分裂进行了研究。结果表明:70%的细胞表现的是第一种方式,30%却是第二种方式。即:朱硕红生殖细胞胞质分裂同时存在两种方式。前者最初以细胞板亚单位的形式出现于有丝分裂晚后期,它们聚集于成膜体的中央区域并于分裂末期融合成一个大的连续的单位(Fig.1-3)。大量新的微管形成于两组染色体之间(Fig.1)。分裂末期,细胞板形成并具胞质通道(Fig.2)。成膜体微管规则排列并穿过胞质通道向新形成的末期核伸展(Fig.2&3)。这些微管与构成细胞板的质膜紧密联系(Fig.3)。后者则在有丝分裂后期开始(Fig.4),当两群染色体彼此分离时,生殖细胞质膜在中央区由两侧向内凹陷形成收缩沟。有时生殖细胞几乎被收缩沟分成两个部分(Fig.6)。发生缢缩的细胞中细胞器与具细胞板的无差异,但微管稀少并且排列紊乱(Fig.4&5),染色体的状态使得难以准确区分细胞分裂时期。而且核膜的形成似乎始于有丝分裂后期、出现于染色体边缘(Fig.7)。有时尚有落后染色体出现(Fig.8)。据此认为:收缩沟的发生与核膜的重建、染色体的异常行为及微管无序有关。朱顶红生殖细胞同时存在两种方式的胞质分裂现象相当特殊,可能存在着两种胞质分裂机制。由于游离的生殖细胞在某种程度上类似于动物细胞,因而以缢缩方式完成胞质分裂是可能的。另一方面,生殖细胞对花粉管生长所处的环境极为敏感,体外培养造成生殖细胞不规剧分裂的可能性也应考虑。因此研究在柱头上萌发花粉管中的生殖细胞的胞质分裂是有意义的,此研究结果将有助于更好地理解生殖细胞胞质分裂的机制。 相似文献
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钙调素(CaM)是细胞内Ca^2 的主要受体,在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、迁移等过程中都发挥着重要的调控作用。采用GFP标记技术,我们观察了GFP—CaM在胞质分裂期HeLa细胞中的动态分布,发现在胞质分裂后期,GFP—CaM与中体紧密相连。抑制CaM的活性会阻止中体的解聚。进一步观察发现,CaM与γ-微管蛋白共分布在中体两侧,抑制CaM活性也会引起中体γ-微管蛋白解离的延迟。本实验结果说明分布在中体上的CaM很可能通过影响中体微管的稳定,参与调控胞质分裂的完成。 相似文献
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钙调素(CaM)在中体上的分布及参与胞质分裂的调控 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
钙调素(CaM)是细胞内Ca~(2+)的主要受体,在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、迁移等过程中都发挥着重要的调控作用。采用GFP标记技术,我们观察了GFP-CaM在胞质分裂期HeLa细胞中的动态分布,发现在胞质分裂后期,GFP-CaM与中体紧密相连。抑制CaM的活性会阻止中体的解聚。进一步观察发现,CaM与γ-微管蛋白共分布在中体两侧,抑制CaM活性也会引起中体γ-微管蛋白解离的延迟。本实验结果说明分布在中体上的CaM很可能通过影响中体微管的稳定,参与调控胞质分裂的完成。 相似文献
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丝/苏氨酸特异性钙调磷酸酶(Calcineurin, CN)是一种在真核生物中广泛存在的蛋白, 是参与转录调控的重要分子。裂殖酵母中的CN是由催化亚基Ppb1和调节亚基Cnb1组成的异源二聚体。文章报道了裂殖酵母中cnb1+的缺失引起细胞生长速度缓慢, 产生多隔膜现象, 胞质分裂受阻滞。胞质分裂过程中, Cnb1与Ppb1组成CN复合物, 与收缩环在分裂平面上共定位, 并与收缩环一起收缩。cnb1Δ菌株的隔膜成熟过程存在缺陷, 微管出现纵穿隔膜的现象。上述结果说明Cnb1可能参与隔膜的成熟过程。此外, 还检测了cnb1D菌株中胞裂蛋白的信号。胞裂蛋白包括Spn1、Spn2、Spn3和Spn4, 它们是引导隔膜降解的重要分子。结果显示, 在cnb1D菌株中, 80%左右的细胞在隔膜处缺失Spn2和Spn3的信号, 20%左右的细胞缺失Spn1和Spn4的信号。由于胞裂蛋白的蛋白表达量在cnb1D中没有降低, 因此胞裂蛋白信号的消失不是转录缺陷引起的, 这暗示Cnb1可能采用了不依赖转录的方式来调控胞裂蛋白环的稳定性。以上结果提示, Cnb1可能通过影响隔膜的成熟及胞裂蛋白环的稳定性参与调节裂殖酵母的胞质分裂过程。 相似文献
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为探讨人源驱动蛋白MKLP1在有丝分裂和胞质分裂中的作用,以E.coliRNaseⅢ制备MKLP1的3′UTResiRNA转染HeLa细胞,通过定量RTPCR、Western印迹检测MKLP1esiRNA对MKLP1基因的沉默效率.再利用FACS分析、免疫荧光染色和活细胞成像分析检测MKLP1表达缺失后在有丝分裂和胞质分裂不同时期的细胞形态学、细胞分裂指数、细胞百分数,动态观察有丝分裂和胞质分裂期间的表型改变,以系统分析MKLP1的功能.最后通过挽救实验验证MKLP1esiRNA的作用特异性.实验显示MKLP1esiRNA转染HeLa细胞能够有效地特异性消除MKLP1的表达,并被异位表达的MKLP1所挽救.MKLP1蛋白在有丝分裂后期和末期前期位于纺锤体中间带,在末期后期和胞质分裂的最后阶段集中于中间体的中心处.MKLP1表达缺失使中间体正确形成和胞质分裂的完成受到严重抑制,造成大量双多核细胞堆积.结果表明,MKLP1在胞质分裂中间体形成和有丝分裂末期前期向后期过渡过程中起关键作用,是纺锤体中间体中间带相关蛋白,为胞质分裂所必需. 相似文献
9.
中心体是哺乳动物细胞内的微管组织中心,参与纺锤体的装配,因此在胞质分裂中起重要调控作用。最新发现的中心体相关蛋白Cep55(centrosomal protein,55kD)属于卷曲螺旋(coiled-coil)蛋白质家族成员,其基因定位于人染色体10q23.33。该蛋白质在多种正常组织及肿瘤细胞中均有表达,与细胞周期中的中心体和中间体偶联,被Erk2、Cdk1及Plk1共同磷酸化后发挥细胞周期调控作用。其研究对细胞周期的调控及对肿瘤发生的认识将产生极其重要的意义。 相似文献
10.
MAPK级联途径参与ABA信号转导调节的植物生长发育过程 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物激素ABA参与调控植物生长发育和生理代谢以及多种胁迫应答过程,促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联途径应答于多种生物和非生物胁迫,广泛参与调控植物的生长发育。MAPK级联途径与ABA信号转导协同作用参与调控植物种子萌发、气孔运动和生长发育,本文主要归纳了植物中受ABA调控激活的MAPK级联途径成员,阐述了它们参与ABA信号转导调控植物生理反应和生长发育的过程,并对MAPK级联途径与ABA信号转导的研究方向作出了展望,指出对MAPK下游底物的筛选是完善MAPK级联途径的重要组成部分。 相似文献
11.
Plant cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate. This is accomplished with the help of the phragmoplast, a plant-specific cytokinetic apparatus that consists of microtubules and microfilaments. During centrifugal growth of the cell plate, the phragmoplast expands to keep its microtubules at the leading edge of the cell plate. Recent studies have revealed potential regulators of phragmoplast microtubule dynamics and the involvement of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the control of phragmoplast expansion. These studies provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant cytokinesis. 相似文献
12.
Van Damme D Bouget FY Van Poucke K Inzé D Geelen D 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2004,40(3):386-398
To identify molecular players implicated in cytokinesis and division plane determination, the Arabidopsis thaliana genome was explored for potential cytokinesis genes. More than 100 open reading frames were selected based on similarity to yeast and animal cytokinesis genes, cytoskeleton and polarity genes, and Nicotiana tabacum genes showing cell cycle-controlled expression. The subcellular localization of these proteins was determined by means of GFP tagging in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells and Arabidopsis plants. Detailed confocal microscopy identified 15 proteins targeted to distinct regions of the phragmoplast and the cell plate. EB1- and MAP65-like proteins were associated with the plus-end, the minus-end, or along the entire length of microtubules. The actin-binding protein myosin, the kinase Aurora, and a novel cell cycle protein designated T22, accumulated preferentially at the midline. EB1 and Aurora, in addition to other regulatory proteins (homologs of Mob1, Sid1, and Sid2), were targeted to the nucleus, suggesting that this organelle operates as a coordinating hub for cytokinesis. 相似文献
13.
Mao G Chan J Calder G Doonan JH Lloyd CW 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2005,43(4):469-478
AtMAP65-1 bundles cortical microtubules and we examined how this property is regulated during division in time-lapse studies of Arabidopsis suspension cells expressing GFP-AtMAP65-1. Spindle fluorescence is diffuse during metaphase, restored to the central spindle at anaphase and then compacted at the midline during late anaphase/early telophase. However, mutagenesis of the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) consensus Cdk site to a non-phosphorylatable form allows premature decoration of microtubules traversing the central region of the metaphase spindle without affecting the timing of the subsequent compaction. This suggests that mutagenesis does not affect compaction but does affect a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation switch that normally targets AtMAP65-1 to the central spindle at the metaphase/anaphase transition. GFP-AtMAP65-1 continues to label the midline of the early phragmoplast, suggesting a structural continuity with the central spindle - both structures being composed of anti-parallel microtubules. However, once the cytokinetic apparatus expands into a ring the MAP becomes depleted at the midline. Despite this, cytokinesis is not arrested and membrane and callose are deposited at the cell plate. It is concluded that AtMAP65-1 plays a role in the central spindle at anaphase to early cytokinesis but is not essential at the midline of the phragmoplast at later stages. 相似文献
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In somatic cell division, cytokinesis is the final step of the cell cycle and physically divides the mother cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In the meiotic cell division, however, pollen mother cells (PMCs) undergo two successive nuclear divisions without an intervening S-phase and consequently generate four haploid daughter nuclei out of one parental cell. In line with this, the physical separation of meiotic nuclei does not follow the conventional cytokinesis pathway, but instead is mediated by alternative processes, including polar-based phragmoplast outgrowth and RMA-mediated cell wall positioning. In this review, we outline the different cytological mechanisms of cell plate formation operating in different types of PMCs and additionally focus on some important features associated with male meiotic cytokinesis, including cytoskeletal dynamics and callose deposition. We also provide an up-to-date overview of the main molecular actors involved in PMC wall formation and additionally highlight some recent advances on the effect of cold stress on meiotic cytokinesis in plants. 相似文献
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Tamara Krupnova York‐Dieter Stierhof Ulrike Hiller Georg Strompen Sabine Müller 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,74(5):781-791
The microtubule (MT)‐associated putative kinase RUNKEL (RUK) is an important component of the phragmoplast machinery involved in cell plate formation in Arabidopsis somatic cytokinesis. Since loss‐of‐function ruk mutants display seedling lethality, it was previously not known whether RUK functions in mature sporophytes or during gametophyte development. In this study we utilized RUK proteins that lack the N‐terminal kinase domain to further examine biological processes related to RUK function. Truncated RUK proteins when expressed in wild‐type Arabidopsis plants cause cellularization defects not only in seedlings and adult tissues but also during male meiocyte development, resulting in abnormal pollen and reduced fertility. Ultrastructural analysis of male tetrads revealed irregular and incomplete or absent intersporal cell walls, caused by disorganized radial MT arrays. Moreover, in ruk mutants endosperm cellularization defects were also caused by disorganized radial MT arrays. Intriguingly, in seedlings expressing truncated RUK proteins, the kinesin HINKEL, which is required for the activation of a mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway regulating phragmoplast expansion, was mislocalized. Together, these observations support a common role for RUK in both phragmoplast‐based cytokinesis in somatic cells and syncytial cytokinesis in reproductive cells. 相似文献
18.
Fabien Miart Thierry Desprez Eric Biot Halima Morin Katia Belcram Herman Höfte Martine Gonneau Samantha Vernhettes 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,77(1):71-84
During cytokinesis a new crosswall is rapidly laid down. This process involves the formation at the cell equator of a tubulo‐vesicular membrane network (TVN). This TVN evolves into a tubular network (TN) and a planar fenestrated sheet, which extends at its periphery before fusing to the mother cell wall. The role of cell wall polymers in cell plate assembly is poorly understood. We used specific stains and GFP‐labelled cellulose synthases (CESAs) to show that cellulose, as well as three distinct CESAs, accumulated in the cell plate already at the TVN stage. This early presence suggests that cellulose is extruded into the tubular membrane structures of the TVN. Co‐localisation studies using GFP–CESAs suggest the delivery of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) to the cell plate via phragmoplast‐associated vesicles. In the more mature TN part of the cell plate, we observed delivery of GFP–CESA from doughnut‐shaped organelles, presumably Golgi bodies. During the conversion of the TN into a planar fenestrated sheet, the GFP–CESA density diminished, whereas GFP–CESA levels remained high in the TVN zone at the periphery of the expanding cell plate. We observed retrieval of GFP–CESA in clathrin‐containing structures from the central zone of the cell plate and from the plasma membrane of the mother cell, which may contribute to the recycling of CESAs to the peripheral growth zone of the cell plate. These observations, together with mutant phenotypes of cellulose‐deficient mutants and pharmacological experiments, suggest a key role for cellulose synthesis already at early stages of cell plate assembly. 相似文献
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