昆虫抗菌肽在医药上的应用

柞蚕抗菌肽有广谱杀菌作用,能抑制乙型肝料病毒DNA复制,又能选择杀伤肿瘤细胞。属于一类具有明确化学结构及杀菌功能的成份,又有新作用靶位及不同于一般抗菌素的作用机制,对动物安全、无毒、无副作用。在医药上已制成“肾肝宁”胶囊治疗肾炎及肝炎。以免疫血淋巴干冻粉制成柞蚕素胶胶囊治疗乙型肝炎,已取得临床试验批文。现将进一步把抗菌肽纯化为单体,作为治疗耐药性细菌感染的消化道炎症的新药,以克服常用抗生素的毒、副作用和易引起病菌抗药性的弱点。抗菌肽开发成一类新药有广阔的开发前景。     

ANTIBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC ACID, A FACTOR IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL ANTIBIOSIS OF POLAR MARINE ANIMALS.

Sieburth, John McNeill (Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va.). Antibiotic properties of acrylic acid, a factor in the gastro-intestinal antibiosis of polar marine animals. J. Bacteriol. 82:72-79. 1961.-Observations were made on acrylic acid to study some of the antibiotic, chemical, and physical properties of this volatile acid which occurs at a concentration of 8% (dry weight) in the marine alga Phaeocystis pouchetii. The sodium salt inhibited both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by filter paper disc assays at concentrations of 0.012-12.0 mg/ml. Activity was enhanced by acid reactions approximating those of the avian gut. In an attempt to explain the absence of typical strains of Escherichia coli and the suppression of the atypical coliform microflora in the anterior gastrointestinal segments of pygoscelid penguins in areas where the phytoplankton was dominated by P. pouchetii, chick trials were conducted with sodium acrylate. Acrylate supplementation of chicken feed at levels as low as one-fifth (0.01%) of those estimated to be ingested by penguins under natural conditions, suppressed the E. coli population and permitted its partial replacement by Aerobacter aerogenes. This latter phenomenon was explained by an increase in acrylate resistance by the A. aerogenes population. Acrylate feed levels between 0.01 and 1.0% caused an apparent increase in the growth rate of chicks, whereas 10% levels caused anorexia and death.     

ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTANCES FROM A STRAIN OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

SUMMARY: Strain B₇ of B. subtilis , isolated from soil collected from the gardens of the Bose Institute, Calcutta, was found to elaborate at least four different antibiotic substances. Fraction I was a brick red amorphous powder with certain resemblances to the bacillomycin group of antibiotics, soluble in alcohols, pyridine, etc., but insoluble in ether, water and acids. It had an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 276 mμ, melted with decomposition at 311°, and was a polypeptide positive to ninhydrin. On hydrolysis 12 amino acids were found. Fraction II was a white amorphous powder soluble in alcohols and ether but insoluble in water and petroleum ether. It melted at 158–162° and was a ninhydrin positive polypeptide composed of 7 amino acids. Fraction III was a yellow amorphous powder soluble in water and acetone, less soluble in ether and practically insoluble in chloroform. It was not a polypeptide. Fraction IV was a yellowish white amorphous powder with solubility characteristics similar to those of fractions I and II. It was a polypeptide composed of 10 amino acids.     

冰核细菌(Erwinia ananas 110)冰核基因克隆和序列分析

从作者自行分离的冰核细菌（Erwinia ananas110)中克隆到我国第1个细菌冰核基因,并完成其序列测定和分析,所克隆基因编码区全长3921bp,编码1306aa,氨基酸序列明显分为3个区即N-端（161aa),C-端（41aa)的单一序列区和中部的高度重复序列R区（1104aa)。以16氨基酸为重复单元的R区占整个编码序列的84.5%。序列分析表明我们所克隆的基因为一个新冰核基因,将其命名为iceA。该基因已在GenBank上登录,登录号为：AF387802。     

'BULBIFORMIN', AN ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCED BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS

The antimicrobial spectrum of the antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis has indicated that it is chiefly antifungal. In the presence of the antibiotic, a characteristic bulb formation has been observed in the spores and hyphae of the test fungi. The active principle has been shown to be thermolabile. The importance of magnesium in relation to growth and antibiotic production has been indicated. Large quantities up to 30 p.p.m. are required for maximum production of the antibiotic which is not intracellular, but is secreted into the medium.
The data presented suggest that the antibiotic under consideration is different from those of B. subtilis previously described, therefore the name proposed for this antibiotic is 'bulbiformin'.     

宁夏狼鳍鱼科一新属

本文记述了狼鳍鱼科一新属,即同心鱼属(Tougxinichthys gen.nov.)化石产自宁夏同心县康家湾;海原县石峡口一带的六盘山群上部。同心鱼(Tongxinichthys)与狼鳍鱼(Lycoptera)很相似。后者被认为是我国华北地区晚侏罗世鱼群的主要成员。而同心鱼的某些特征较为进步。因此,同心鱼的生存时代有延续到早白垩世早期的可能性。同心鱼的发现,增加了狼鳍鱼类的新成员。对狼鳍鱼类的形态解剖,系统演化,及亲缘关系的深入研究,提供了新的资料。