生物体微弱磁场检测技术在某部特殊作业人员健康评估中的应用研究

目的:研究某部特殊作业人员的健康状况,为有针对性地提出防护措施提供参考依据。方法:随机抽取某部不同工作岗位的特殊作业人员145名,进行生物体微弱磁场检测分析,以获取包括疲劳、免疫、睡眠、脑机能、血压、心脏、消化、肝胆、泌尿生殖、呼吸、运动、钙代谢、糖代谢、脂代谢、嘌呤代谢等15个系统在内的108项健康评估检测指标。对于每一项指标,仪器自带有其正常值范围,凡低于下限或高于上限的指标被视为异常。结果:所测特殊作业人员总体在钙代谢系统、消化系统、心脏系统、血压系统、呼吸系统、运动系统、免疫系统等七个系统存在不适症状的较为突出,其中钙代谢失衡的占比83.45%,脾胃不和的占比78.62%,心脏功能欠佳的占比72.41%,血压不稳的占比64.14%,咽喉不适的占比59.31%,骨关节不适的占比58.62%,免疫功能下降的占比51.72%。出现运动系统"颈椎疾患"症状的人数占比,实验组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:特殊作业环境可能会影响作业人员的身体健康,应采取有效的安全防护措施,以减弱或消除有毒有害化学物质污染、强噪声、电磁辐射等对人体健康的影响。     

A Switching Controller System for a Wheeled Mobile Robot

A wheeled mobile mechanism with a passive and/or active linkage mechanism for rough terrain environment is developed and evaluated. The wheeled mobile mechanism which has high mobility in rough terrain needs sophisticated system to adapt various environments.We focus on the development of a switching controller system for wheeled mobile robots in rough terrain. This system consists of two sub-systems: an environment recognition system using link angles and an adaptive control system. In the environment recognition system, we introduce a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) for clustering link angles. In the adaptive controllers, we introduce neural networks to calculate the inverse model of the wheeled mobile robot.The environment recognition system can recognize the environment in which the robot travels, and the adjustable controllers are tuned by experimental results for each environment. The dual sub-system switching controller system is experimentally evaluated. The system recognizes its environment and adapts by switching the adjustable controllers. This system demonstrates superior performance to a well-tuned single PID controller.     

Improving cell-free protein synthesis for stable-isotope labeling

Cell-free protein synthesis is suitable for stable-isotope labeling of proteins for NMR analysis. The Escherichia coli cell-free system containing potassium acetate for efficient translation (KOAc system) is usually used for stable-isotope labeling, although it is less productive than other systems. A system containing a high concentration of potassium l-glutamate (l-Glu system), instead of potassium acetate, is highly productive, but cannot be used for stable-isotope labeling of Glu residues. In this study, we have developed a new cell-free system that uses potassium d-glutamate (d-Glu system). The productivity of the d-Glu system is approximately twice that of the KOAc system. The cross peak intensities in the ¹H–¹⁵N HSQC spectrum of the uniformly stable-isotope labeled Ras protein, prepared with the d-Glu system, were similar to those obtained with the KOAc system, except that the Asp intensities were much higher for the protein produced with the d-Glu system. These results indicate that the d-Glu system is a highly productive cell-free system that is especially useful for stable-isotope labeling of proteins. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

MHD diagnostics in the T-11M tokamak

An MHD diagnostic system for investigating the dynamics of disruption and the preceding phase of the discharge in the T-11M tokamak is described. This system makes it possible to study the structure of magnetic fluctuations in the plasma column. The diagnostic system includes a set of magnetic pick-up loops (Mirnov coils) arranged in several poloidal cross sections of the tokamak, a data acquisition system that provides synchronous recording of Mirnov coil signals, a synchronization system for triggering the data acquisition system during a disruption, and a system for processing and representation of the experimental data on magnetic fluctuations in the plasma column. Examples of how the MHD diagnostic system operates in the T-11M tokamak are presented.     

草原鼢鼠土丘与不同根系类型植物的关系

本研究于2013-2015年的5月（春季）和9月（秋季）,在锡林浩特市南部白银库伦牧场的天然草地监测草原鼢鼠（Myospalax aspalax）生境中植被情况及新旧土丘数量,采用偏冗余分析的方法研究了新旧土丘数量与植物地上生物量的干重、株丛数和物种数之间的关系。结果表明：5月鼢鼠新土丘数量与轴根型、根蘖型植物呈正相关且具有较大解释量。鼢鼠旧土丘数量与疏丛型植物呈正相关,与轴根型和根蘖型植物呈负相关,且具有较大解释量。9月鼢鼠新土丘数量与疏丛型、密丛型和根蘖型植物呈正相关且解释量较大。鼢鼠旧土丘与疏丛型、密丛型和根蘖型植物呈正相关且解释量较大。这些结果说明草原鼢鼠的造丘活动和微栖息地选择和食物资源有关,存在季节差异。轴根型和根蘖型植物对鼢鼠的春季活动有重要影响;疏丛型、密丛型和根蘖型植物对鼢鼠的秋季活动有重要影响。     

Characterization of a transport system for anionic amino acids in human fibroblast lysosomes

L-Aspartate and L-glutamate are transported into human fibroblast lysosomes by a single, low Km, Na(+)-independent transport system, which has been provisionally named lysosomal system d. This system resembles the Na(+)-dependent plasma membrane system chi-AG, although these differences have been observed: (1) lysosomal system d recognizes the D- as well as the L-isomers of both aspartate and glutamate, whereas only for aspartate is the D-isomer recognized by system chi-AG; (2) the anion L-homocysteate is not accepted by system chi-AG, but is an effective inhibitor of lysosomal system d; (3) N-methyl, alpha-methyl, and omega-hydroxamate derivatives of both aspartate and glutamate inhibit lysosomal system d, but only the aspartate derivatives are accepted by system chi-AG; (4) lysosomal system d shows a preference for the substrate amino group in the alpha-position, a preference not seen for system chi-AG. These points imply differences at the two recognition sites with respect to substrate length, size, and rotation, with the lysosomal site generally being the less restrictive.     

A knowledge-based system for the strategic control level of robots in flexible manufacturing cells

The strategic control level synthesis for robots is related to a hierarchical robot control problem. The main control problem at the strategic control level is to select the model and algorithm to be used by the lower control level to execute the given robot task. Usually there are several lower control level models and algorithms that can be used by the robot control system for every robot task. Strategic control level synthesis depends on the particular robot system application. In a typical application, when the robot system is used in a flexible manufacturing system for manipulating various part types, the robot tasks executed by the robot system depend on the manufacturing processes in the system. If the robot system is applied in another flexible manufacturing system, dedicated to other manufacturing processes, another set of robot tasks might be needed to perform the necessary operations. Therefore, the quantity and the kind of knowledge required in the system for the strategic control level differ from one application to another. Such a fact creates the appropriate conditions for employing some artificial intelligence techniques. This article describes a knowledge-based system approach to the strategic control level synthesis problem.     

Characteristics of a lysosomal membrane transport system for tyrosine and other neutral amino acids in rat thyroid cells

Tyrosine countertransport was used to demonstrate the existence of a carrier system for neutral amino acids in the lysosomal membrane of FRTL-5 thyroid cells. In addition to tyrosine, the carrier system recognized the neutral amino acids leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Cystine and lysine, amino acids for which a lysosomal carrier system has been demonstrated, showed no competition with tyrosine for countertransport. The tyrosine system showed stereospecificity and cation independence. It did not require an acidic lysosome or the availability of free thiols. The apparent Km for tyrosine was approximately 100 microM; the energy of activation of the system was approximately 9.7 kcal/mol. This new lysosomal membrane carrier system for neutral amino acids resembles the plasma membrane L system in 3T3 Chinese hamster ovary cells and melanoma B-16 cells.     

一类具有三个阶段结构的扩散捕食系统研究

讨论了一类捕食者具有三个阶段结构和Beddington型功能性反应,食饵可以在两个斑块间扩散的非自治捕食者-食饵系统.运用Liapunov函数方法,得到了该系统一致持续生存的充分条件.对于该模型的周期系统,讨论了存在唯一、全局渐近稳定的周期解的条件.     

Heme concentration dependence and metalloporphyrin inhibition of the system I and II cytochrome c assembly pathways

Studies have indicated that specific heme delivery to apocytochrome c is a critical feature of the cytochrome c biogenesis pathways called system I and II. To determine directly the heme requirements of each system, including whether other metal porphyrins can be incorporated into cytochromes c, we engineered Escherichia coli so that the natural system I (ccmABCDEFGH) was deleted and exogenous porphyrins were the sole source of porphyrins (Delta hemA). The engineered E. coli strains that produced recombinant system I (from E. coli) or system II (from Helicobacter) facilitated studies of the heme concentration dependence of each system. Using this exogenous porphyrin approach, it was shown that in system I the levels of heme used are at least fivefold lower than the levels used in system II, providing an important advantage for system I. Neither system could assemble holocytochromes c with other metal porphyrins, suggesting that the attachment mechanism is specific for Fe protoporphyrin. Surprisingly, Zn and Sn protoporphyrins are potent inhibitors of the pathways, and exogenous heme competes with this inhibition. We propose that the targets are the heme binding proteins in the pathways (CcmC, CcmE, and CcmF for system I and CcsA for system II).     

具性别和阶段结构的非自治二种群捕食者-食饵系统研究

讨论了一类食饵具有性别结构,捕食者具有阶段结构的非自治捕食者．食饵系统,运用Liapunov函数方法,得到了该系统一致持续生存的充分条件．对于该模型的周期系统,在适当条件下,存在唯一、全局渐近稳定的周期解．对更具普遍意义的概周期现象,也得出了概周期正解唯一存在且全局渐近稳定的充分条件．     

Automatic containment sampling of recombinant escherichia coli fermentations

A containment sampling system for shake flasks and fermentors has been developed from a blood collection system used in hospitals. The core of the system is a collection vial with a vacuum inside. When a needle connected to the fermentation fluid penetrates a rubber seal on the vial, a sample is withdrawn. The system has been developed in two versions, a manual method for shake flasks, and an automated version for fermentors including cool storage of samples. The sampling system offers the same safety for fermentation containment as the original system offers safety for patients and hospital staff. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

流域生态经济型防护林体系建设模式及其应用研究

在揭示流域生态经济型防护林体系建设模式内涵的基础上,指出了其核心内容是流域生态经济型防护林体系配置格局．运用综合评价模型、目标规划模型及专家系统等实用方法,建立了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设模式决策支持系统．并以山西省昕水河流域为典型实例,进行了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设模式的应用研究,较好地解决了防护林体系建设中的生产经营、措施布局、综合决策等问题,为流域的资源开发与综合治理提供科学指导．     

Biphasic kinetic plots and specific analogs distinguishing and describing amino acid transport sites in S37 ascites tumor cells.

Curve-fitting procedures indicated that exo-2-amino-bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) modified V and Km for one of two systems serving for histidine transport into the S37 ascites tumor cells. When this system was obliterated by leucine in the medium, BCH had no effect on histidine transport. Curve-fitting procedures similarly suggest N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid affected the Km and V values for the other histidine-transporting system and that carboxymethylhistidine (His(Cm)) inhibited both transport systems. His(Cm) further inhibited histidine uptake into leucine-inhibited cells. Km and V values were altered simultaneously in the presence of several inhibitory analogs. Alanine methyl ester markedly inhibited high-concentration histidine uptake, whereas leucine methyl ester markedly inhibited low-concentration histidine uptake. The present results confirm earlier suggestions that our high c system is Christensen's A system and our low c system his L system. We also confirm a very high degree of specificity of N-methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid for the A or high c system, and of BCH for the L or low c system. We suggest the utility of combining two approaches to the study of transport system properties; use of specific analogs and modification of biphasic plots. We demonstrate that the carboxyl group is not a prerequisite molecular feature for inhibitory interaction with the A or L system.     

The flower and the butterfly constructed wetland system at Koh Phi Phi—System design and lessons learned during implementation and operation

In 2007, a constructed wetland system was implemented on the tourist island of Koh Phi Phi in Southern Thailand. This paper presents the process of planning, designing and implementing the system and discusses the performance and operational issues 3 years after implementation. The system is an international lighthouse project showing the potential for aesthetical integration of constructed wetland systems in the built environment. The system comprises a wastewater collection system for the main business and hotel area of the island, a pumping station and a pressure pipe system to the treatment facility, a multi-stage constructed wetland system, and a system for reuse of treated wastewater. The treatment chains consist of vertical-flow, horizontal subsurface flow and free water surface flow units. Because the treatment system is located at the centre of the island, surrounded by resorts, restaurants and shops, the systems are designed with terrains as scenic landscaping. The wastewater is treated to meet the Thai effluent standards for total suspended solids and nitrogen, but because of inadequate pre-treatment and removal of oil and grease prior to the system, the standards for oil and grease and BOD are not met. A number of challenges during construction and operation have caused problems with clogging of the vertical flow constructed wetlands and given rise to odour problems. Safeguards were prepared, but not effectively activated, mainly because no key-person or key-authority took responsibility for managing the system.     

Application of a miniature biochip using the molecular beacon probe in breast cancer gene BRCA1 detection

We report for the first time the application of a biochip using the molecular beacon (MB) detection scheme. The usability of this biochip novel detection system for the analysis of the breast cancer gene BRCA1 is demonstrated using molecular beacon probes. The MB is designed for the BRCA1 gene and a miniature biochip system is used for detection. The performance of the biochip-MB detection system is evaluated. The optimum conditions for the MB system for highest fluorescence detection sensitivity are investigated for the detection system. The detection of BRCA1 gene is successfully demonstrated in solution and the limit of detection (LOD) is estimated as 70 nM.     

Studies on excitation energy flow in the photosynthetic pigment system; Structure and energy transfer mechanism

Excitation energy flow in photosynthetic pigment systems is discussed in relation to structure of the system and transfer mechanism for each elementary process. Three typical examples for actual transfer processes are shown for the phycobilin system in cyanobacteria, the antenna system of photosynthetic bacteria and the Chla/c antenna system of brown algae. The main analytical method was the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in the picosecond time range. In general, static optical charactersitics are not the main reason for the transfer efficiency, but the structure of the system is a prerequisite for the transfer process. On the phycobilin system, theoretical investigation was compared with experimental analysis, which leads to the essential understanding of the transfer process in terms of quantum mechanics. Recipient of the Botanical Society Award for Young Scientists, 1989.     

Single radial immunodiffusion method for screening Staphylococcal isolates for enterotoxin.

A direct system for screening large numbers of staphylococcal isolates for enterotoxin production has been developed. The system employs polyvalent (serotypes A, B, C, D, and E) immunodiffusion assay slides in conjunction with a multiple-culturing system for toxin production. With the combined system, as many as 50 cultures can be screened simultaneously on a single assay slide having a sensitivity of about 0.3 microgram/ml. The system should be useful for detecting potential enterotoxin in foods containing a predominance of non-enterotoxigenic strains.     

Relationships between a new type IV secretion system and the icm/dot virulence system of Legionella pneumophila

We describe here a Legionella pneumophila type IV secretion system that is distinct from the previously described icm/dot system. This type IV secretion system contains 11 genes (lvh ) homologous to genes of other type IV secretion systems, arranged in a similar manner. The lvh genes were found to be located on a DNA island with a GC content higher than the L. pneumophila chromosome. In contrast to the icm/dot system that was shown to be required for intracellular growth in HL-60-derived human macrophages and Acanthamoeba castellanii, the lvh system was found to be dispensable for intracellular growth in these two hosts. The lvh system was found to be partially required for RSF1010 conjugation, a process that was previously shown to be completely dependent on several icm/dot genes. However, results obtained from analysis of double mutants in the icm/dot genes and the lvh genes revealed that lvh genes can substitute for some components of the icm/dot system for RSF1010 conjugation, but not for intracellular growth. These results indicate that components of the icm/dot system and components of the lvh type IV secretion system are able to interact with one another.     

植物根系构型原位观测识别技术研究进展

根系是植物从土壤中获取养分和水分并输送给植物体的重要器官,由于土壤的不透明属性阻碍了根系的观测,缺乏有效的原位根系观测方法已经构成了对植物根系深入研究的技术瓶颈.本文首先从根系研究的技术需求出发,对破坏性根系研究法、非破坏性根系二维观测法(微根管法)和根系三维构型原位观测方法如X射线计算机层析成像( X-ray computed tomography,XCT)、核磁共振成像法(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)等进行了综述,并总结了各自的优缺点.其次,重点对XCT和MRI法进行了比较,有研究表明,MRI法不适用于根系三维构型的观测.指出自然土壤介质下,XCT是根系三维构型定量化分析未来的发展趋势.