胰多肽对急性胰腺炎大鼠的细胞保护作用

用5%牛磺胆酸钠-胰蛋白酶溶液直接注入大鼠胰导管,制备成急性出血坏死性胰腺炎模型。由腹腔于制备前预防性地和制备后治疗性地结合注射剂量为3μg/kg 的牛胰多肽,能使病鼠的死亡率由对照的100%降到33%,已死鼠平均存活时间由对照的13±3小时延长到20±2小时,血清淀粉酶浓度升高的峰值降为对照的35%,胰腺组织学切片呈轻度急性胰腺炎或向慢性胰腺炎转化。单纯在制备前预防性地注射牛胰多肽或仅在制备后作治疗性注射,也有同样作用,但效果较差。这项结果提示,胰多肽对急性出血坏死性胰腺炎具有预防和治疗两方面的功效,即对胰腺有细胞保护作用。抑制胰酶的分泌和释放可能是它的作用机制之一。     

前列腺素E_2对四氧嘧啶降低大鼠离体胰岛释放胰岛素的影响

本工作用新生大鼠体外分离的胰岛,观察了前列腺素E_2(PGE_2)对四氧嘧啶降低胰岛素释放的影响。实验结果如下:(1)离体胰岛与14mM四氧嘧啶共同孵育15min,使随后由16.7mM 葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素的释放明显减少。(2)16.7mM 葡萄糖和2.8μM PGE_2与离体胰岛预孵育15min,可以明显防止由四氧嘧啶引起的胰岛素释放的降低。PGE_2的这种预防作用在28nM—2.8μM 范围内存在剂量反应关系。(3)cAMP 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂—茶碱,也可防止由四氧嘧啶引起的胰岛素释放的减少,且茶碱与PGE_2 联合使用有相互加强效应。(4)Ca~(2 )整合剂EGTA对PGE_2 作用无明显影响,而细胞膜Ca~(2 )通道阻断剂异搏定则使PGE_2作用完全消失。上述结果表明,在离体条件下,PGE_2可以增强B细胞的抗损伤能力,PGE_2的保护作用可能与增加细胞内 cAMP水平及改变Ca~(2 )跨膜转运有关。     

耐力训练对大鼠肝脏,股四头肌谷胱甘肽抗氧化系统酶活性的影响

目的和方法：本文通过检测大鼠肝脏、股四头肌中ＧＳＨＰＸ、谷胱甘肽转硫酶（ＧＳＴ）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（ＧＲ）活性及脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量变化,观察耐力训练对大鼠机体产生内源性自由基及谷胱甘肽抗氧化系统酶活性的影响。结果：ＳＤ雄性大鼠经１１周跑台训练后,安静状态时肝脏中ＭＤＡ含量下降,ＧＳＨＰＸ、ＧＳＨ活性下降,股四头肌中ＧＳＨＰＸ、ＧＳＴ活性升高;９０ｍｉｎ定量负荷运动使大鼠肝脏中ＭＤＡ含量升高,ＧＳＨＰＸ、ＧＳＴ、ＧＲ活性均下降,但训练组ＧＳＨＰＸ、ＧＳＴ活性恢复较快。结论：大鼠经耐力训练后提高了谷胱甘肽抗氧化系统酶的抗氧化功能,表现了良好的运动适应性,且恢复较快。值得注意的是训练组大鼠ＧＲ活性在运动后恢复期存在下降趋势,其机理有待进一步研究。     

前列腺素E_2对四氧嘧啶处理的新生大鼠离体胰岛细胞内环核苷酸含量变化的影响

将分离的新生大鼠胰岛细胞,分别置入四氧嘧啶,PGE_2,PGE_2和四氧嘧啶以及高浓度葡萄糖和四氧嘧啶液进行孵育,用RIA 法测细胞内cAMP和cGMP的含量。结果表明,四氧嘧啶使胰岛细胞内 cAMP含量明显降低 cGMP含量升高cAMP/cGMP 比值比正常鼠低2.79倍,但 PGE_2预处理可以防止由四氧嘧啶引起的cAMP 的降低和 cGMP升高,使胰岛细胞内cAMP/cGMP 比值维持在接近正常水平。高浓度葡萄糖预处理虽不能防止由四氧嘧啶引起的cAMP 降低,但因能使cGMP 和cAMP 值均降低,故cAMP/cGMP 比值仍接近正常水平。单纯 PCE_2可使胰岛细胞内 cAMP含量轻度升高cGMP值略下降,cAMP/cGMP比值比正常值外高1.49倍。上述结果提示PGE_2可能是通过调节胰岛细胞内环核苷酸水平,实现其对胰岛B细胞的细胞保护作用的。     

牛胰多肽对大鼠胰腺外分泌细胞膜流动性的影响

胰多肽为含有36个氨基酸残基的直链多肽,是70年代后期发现的一种胃肠激素.本工作用荧光偏振法观察到,牛磺胆酸钠降低胰腺外分泌细胞膜的平均微粘度,而牛胰多肽能抑制牛磺胆酸钠的这一作用.结果提示,牛胰多肽有稳定胰腺外分泌细胞膜流动性的功能.     

茉莉酸甲酯对紫杉醇生物合成的诱导作用

本文采用分裂素自养型中国红豆杉细胞株 ,研究了在细胞悬浮培养过程中茉莉酸甲酯 ( MJ)对紫杉醇生物合成的诱导作用。结果表明 ,以乙醇为 MJ助溶剂时 ,MJ的诱导作用以剂量为 2 0 0 μmol/L于继代培养开始时加入为最佳 ,此时紫杉醇产量较对照组提高 71.2 %。以吐温为 MJ助溶剂时 ,MJ的诱导作用以剂量为 10μmol/L于继代培养 d2 0加入为最佳 ,此时紫杉醇产量较对照组提高 2 80 .7%。此外 ,本文对 MJ的诱导作用机理进行了探讨。     

胰岛素对胰腺外分泌功能的影响

我们用链佐霉素选择性地破坏胰岛Ｂ细胞,研究胰岛素在糖尿病大鼠胰腺外分泌功能变化中的作用。结果表明：糖尿病时,胰淀粉酶含量显著减少,胰淀粉酶ｍＲＮＡ也降低为对照组的３．２±０．５％（Ｐ＜０．０）。体外实验表明,糖尿病大鼠胰腺腺泡上１２５Ｉ－胰岛素的结合明显增多。Ｂｍａｘ由对照组的２．８±１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ增加为３．５±１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。腺泡对３Ｈ－葡萄糖的摄取,３Ｈ－亮氨酸的掺入以及腺泡膜Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶的活性均比正常组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。补充胰岛素,可翻转上述变化。从而提示,胰岛素在调节胰腺外分泌功能方面具有重要作用。     

STUDIES ON HAEM BIOSYNTHESIS IN RAT BRAIN

Abstract— Abnormalities involving haem biosynthesis have been postulated as underlying mechanisms in the aetiology of the neural manifestations of acute porphyria and of lead poisoning. This paper reports a study of the enzymes of the haem biosynthetic pathway and their control in mammalian brain. The activity of rat brain 6-aminolaevulinate synthetase (ALA synthetase), 6-aminolaevulinate dehydratase (ALA dehydratase), uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and ferrochelatase were found to be between 12.5 and 0.002% of the corresponding values for liver. This accords with the lower concentrations of total haem and cytochrome P₄₅₀ found in brain and with the slower rate of incorporation of [4-¹⁴C]ALA into brain haem in vivo . The subcellular distribution of radioactivity following intraventricular injection of [4-¹⁴C]ALA confirmed that the bulk of brain haemoproteins are intramitochondrial in contrast to liver where the major portion is microsomal. Brain haem biosynthesis was apparently unaffected by factors known to influence this pathway in liver, including starvation and treatment with allylisopropylacetamide or phenobarbitone. These findings suggest that brain haem requirements are considerably less than those of liver and are not subject to significant fluctuations under normal circumstances. Apparent non-inducibility of ALA synthetase suggests that deficient haem and consequently haemoprotein production could result where other enzymes in the pathway become rate-limiting due to genetic defects or inhibition by exogenous agents such as lead.     

Egr-1的特异性脱氧核酶对大鼠颈总动脉损伤后内膜增生的影响

目的 探讨早期生长反应因子-1(Egr-1)的特异性脱氧核酶对大鼠颈总动脉损伤后新生内膜形成的影响。方法 对Wistar大鼠行颈总动脉损伤后,在转染试剂Fugene6介导下经血管腔内转染Egr-1的特异性脱氧核酶(ED5),以假手术组、单纯损伤组及空白转染试剂组(Fu gene 6组)作为对照,于术后3、7、14和21d4个时间点取材,检测内膜增生程度及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)和Egr-1的表达变化。结果单纯损伤组及Fugene6组7d时可见内膜增生,14d、21d时内膜增厚更明显,PCNA及TGF-β于损伤后3天明显表达,7d时在新生内膜及中膜中表达达到高峰,14d后逐渐下降,而Egr-1呈持续高表达。经ED6作用后,内膜增生减轻,动脉中PCNA、TGF-β及Egr-1表达明显降低,与单纯损伤组和Fu Gnene 6组比较差异有显性。结论结果提示ED5可能是通过特异性抑制其相应基因的表达来阻遏动脉损伤后的内膜增生。     

发酵条件对纤维素分解菌酶活性的影响研究*

研究了4株可用作饲料添加剂的纤维素分解菌,在不同发酵时间、发酵温度和厌氧发酵条件下,菌体蛋白含量、纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性等的变化。结果表明发酵20h酶活性最高;供试菌都适宜在28℃恒温发酵;在厌氧条件下,39℃士2℃发酵12h、24h、36h,供试菌均可在PDA平板上正常生长,发酵48h供试菌生长和酶活均受不同程度的影响。研究为菌株的生产、保存和应用提供了重要依据。     

抑制大鼠褪黑素的合成对神经细丝过度磷酸化的影响

目的探讨抑制褪黑素的生物合成对大鼠海马神经细丝过度磷酸化的影响及其可能机制.方法侧脑室注射氟哌啶醇并腹腔注射加强,HPLC检测血清中褪黑素水平;利用免疫组化检测大鼠海马区域神经细丝磷酸化情况;微量测定法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛的含量.结果①模型组大鼠血清中褪黑素的含量明显下降.②海马区域神经细丝发生聚集和异常过度磷酸化,补充不同剂量的褪黑素的治疗组较模型组的磷酸化程度有所改善.③模型组SOD活性降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高.结论褪黑素水平的降低引起AD-样神经细丝异常过度磷酸化,外源性补充褪黑素可以一定程度上减轻神经细丝的异常过度磷酸化.     

抑制褪黑素生物合成对大鼠Tau蛋白磷酸化的影响

目的 研究抑制褪黑素的生物合成对大鼠海马Tau蛋白磷酸化的影响。方法 侧脑室注射氟哌啶醇并腹腔注射加强,利用免疫组化检测大鼠海马区域Tau蛋白磷酸化情况;HPLC检测血清中褪黑素水平。结果 模型组大鼠海马Tau蛋白在Ser199/Ser202和Ser396/Ser404位点均发生异常过度磷酸化,褪黑素治疗组较模型组的磷酸化程度轻。结论 褪黑素水平的降低可能与AD样Tau蛋白异常过度磷酸化相关,外源性补充褪黑素可以减轻Tau蛋白的异常过度磷酸化。     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF RAT BRAIN CERAMIDE AND CEREBROSIDE IN VIVO

Abstract— The incorporation in vivo of l -[¹⁴C]serine into ceramide and cerebroside of young rat brain has been studied. Acid hydrolysis of labelled ceramide and galactosyl-ceramide followed by selective partitioning of the resulting components indicated that 88 per cent of the radioactivity was present in the long-chain base portion. At early time points (10 min, 20 min) the precursor was incorporated into ceramide and to a lesser degree into glucosyl-ceramide. During time intervals of 5 and 10 h, the specific activity values (d.p.m./μmol) for ceramide and glucosyl-ceramide decreased, while values for galactosyl-ceramide, containing either unsubstituted fatty acids (NFA) or α-hydroxy fatty acids (HFA), increased 50 and 30 per cent, respectively. Analysis of labelled ceramide at all time points studied (10 min-10 h) indicated that l -[¹⁴C]serine was incorporated onto the NFA type. This observation suggests that HFA-ceramide may not be the physiological precursor of HFA-galactosyl-ceramide. In this context, the postulated precursor roles of both ceramide and psychosine in the biosynthesis of brain cerebrosides are discussed.     

秋水仙素对大鼠神经肌肉接头传递的作用

在不均匀牵拉法固定的离体大鼠膈神经膈肌标本上,用秋水仙素探讨了突触后膜的微管在神经肌肉接头乙酰胆碱受体兴奋中的作用。秋水仙素使小终板电位的幅度下降;使串刺激(10Hz,50Hz)诱发的平均终板电位幅度和平均量子含量减少;并使有神经支配的膈肌终板区乙酰胆碱电位幅度降低;但不影响膜电位、小终板电位的频率及终板电位和乙酰胆碱电位的时程。结果表明该药对神经肌肉接头乙酰胆碱受体的兴奋有抑制作用。而其同分异构体光化秋水仙素则无此作用。据此本文提出突触后膜下的微管可能参与神经肌肉接头乙酰胆碱受体的反应过程。     

THE EFFECT OF PUROMYCIN ON INTRANUCLEAR STEPS IN RIBOSOME BIOSYNTHESIS

Inhibition of protein synthesis by puromycin (100 γ/ml) is known to inhibit the synthesis of ribosomes. However, ribosomal precursor RNA (45S) continues to be synthesized, methylated, and processed. Cell fractionation studies revealed that, although the initial processing (45S → 32S + 16S) occurs in the presence of puromycin, the 16S moiety is immediately degraded. No species of ribosomal RNA can be found to have emerged from the nucleolus. The RNA formed in the presence of puromycin is normal as judged by its ability to enter new ribosomal particles after puromycin is removed. This sequence of events is not a result of inhibition of protein synthesis, for cycloheximide, another inhibitor of protein synthesis, either alone or in combination with puromycin allows the completion of new ribosomes.     

STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF PYRIMIDINES FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF NEURAL RNA IN THE RAT

Uridine was far superior to orotic acid in labelling the RNA in incubated slices of rat brain. On the other hand, uridine and orotic acid were equally effective in labelling the RNA of hepatic or renal slices In rats in vivo, uridine, but not orotic acid, labelled brain RNA, and the cerebellar RNA contained the most label. In contrast, both uridine and orotic acid labelled hepatic RNA. Only when surgical intervention prevented peripheral metabolism of orotic acid, thereby raising its concentration in the plasma, did neural tissue utilize this precursor for limited biosynthesis of RNA. However, among the tissues studied, the preference for uridine over orotic acid for RNA synthesis was unique to neural tissue.     

内皮素对大鼠肠系膜微血管的作用

应用显微电视录象技术可观察到内皮素(ET)对戊巴比妥钠麻醉的 Wistar 大鼠的肠系膜微血管有收缩作用,血液流速减慢,甚至产生微循环障碍,这个作用相当持久,并呈剂量依赖关系。ET 的这个作用远高于去甲肾上腺素。这些结果提示,ET 作为强烈的微血管收缩剂,在微循环紊乱疾病的发病学中可能具有重要意义。     

代谢调节剂对紫杉醇及其相关化合物生物合成的影响

在诱导子添加的基础上研究了氯化氯代胆碱（CCC）和肉桂酸（CA）的浓度和时间因互对红豆杉悬浮培养细胞活力、三尖杉宁碱（Cephlomannine）和紫杉醇（Taxol）生物合成的影响,并进一步探讨了两者与前体的协同作用。实验表明：（1）氯化氯代胆碱、内桂酸对 细胞活力的影响均为：延滞期＞稳定期＞对数期;（2）d18加入氯化氯代胆碱10mg/L,肉桂酸20mg／L可使紫杉醇含量分别提高10,14倍;d18加入乞肥乞采抻填20mg/L可使三尖杉宁碱含量提高2倍,d12加入肉桂酸20mg/L可提高10倍;（3）40mg/L氯化氯代胆碱,20mg/L肉桂酸,5mg／L苯异丝氨酸,40mg/L甲瓦龙酸（MVA）内酯对提高紫杉醇产量较优;而10mg/L氯化氯代胆碱,20mg/L肉桂酸,10mg/L苯异丝氨酸,20mg/L 龙酸（MVA）内酯对三尖杉宁碱合成剂。     

血管紧张素对大鼠饮盐水行为的作用

在ＳＤ大鼠静脉内注入不同剂量的ＡｎｇⅡ后大鼠的饮盐水量明显增加，切除肾上腺的大鼠也出现强烈的饮盐水行为，但给予适当量的醛固酮可消除这种行为。脑室内注入巯甲丙脯酸可阻断静脉内给与ＡｎｇⅡ所引起的大鼠的饮盐水行为。本文对ＡｎｇⅡ的作用机理进行了探讨。