中国花楸属单叶类群叶脉序特征研究

中国花楸属单叶类群(24种)包含落萼组与冠萼组,亦有学者将其分为两个属(白花楸属和水榆属)或合并成为一个属(白花楸属).由于其花序和果实的高度相似性,长期以来分类地位具有争议,而叶脉序特征在花楸属单叶类群中的分类作用尚不明确.因此,该研究以国产花楸属落萼组的13个物种和冠萼组的7个物种作为研究对象,以清净法制作标本对叶...     

Geographical variation in terpenes from Lindera umbellata and Lindera sericea

An investigation of the leaf terpenes in Lindera umbellata and L. sericea revealed the presence of four geographical races among these taxa.     

Flavonoid data and populational observations in support of hybrid status for Populus acuminata

Flavonoid distribution and populational composition at the collection sites of several samples of Populus acuminata strongly suggest that this taxon is an inter-sectional hybrid between P. angustifolia, sect. Tacamahaca and any one of two or three different species of the section Aigeiros, when the entire range is considered. In the vicinity of the type locality, the Aigeiros parent is P. sargentii. Within any population, foliage of trees of P. acuminata is characterized by morphological intermediacy and an essentially additive flavonoid profile, as compared to the two parental taxa present. In habit the trees resemble those of P. sargentii, and habitats at the collection sites were found to be somewhat intermediate. Fifteen flavonoid compounds were consistently present in samples of the putative hybrid. Twelve of these had diagnostic value because they were absent in one of the parental species. One compound, apigenin 7-O-diglucoside, was found only in P. acuminata. In part, our identifications correspond to compounds reported by Crawford in a morphological and chemical study of P. acuminiata.     

β-oxidation enzymes and the carnitine-dependent oxidation of palmitate and palmitoyl CoA in mitochondria from avocado

Two sites for the β-oxidation of fatty acids in avocado (Persea americana L.) mesocarp exist. One site is the microbody, the other the mitochondrion. It is apparent that the mitochondrial membrane barrier, which remains intact after sucrose density gradient centrifugation, prevents rapid access of acyl CoA substrates to matrix β-oxidation sites. Thus, intact mitochondria showed little β-oxidation enzyme activity. Rupturing of the mitochondrial membrane allowed rapid access of the acyl CoA substrates to matrix sites. Consequently, in ruptured mitochondria, high O₂-oxidation enzyme activities were measured. O₂ uptake studies further distinguished the two organellar sites of β-oxidation. During palmitoyl CoA oxidation, O₂ uptake was reduced by catalase and increased by KCN in the microbodies, whilst mitochondrial O₂ uptake was unaffected by catalase and reduced by KCN. This reflected the differing fates of FADH₂, produced during the first β-oxidation step, in the two organelles. In addition, only the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids was carnitine-dependent.     

Variations in pigment patterns in Pyrrhopappus and related taxa of the Cichorieae

The chalcone of the yellow ligules of Pyrrhopappus has been identified as coreopsin. Related species in the same subtribe differ in having yellow c     

山茶属金花茶组金花茶系植物叶表皮形态学研究

在光学显微镜下观察山茶属金花茶组金花茶系25个分类群的叶表皮形态。结果表明:25个分类群的叶上表皮形态结构相似,气孔仅分布于下表皮。下表皮的细胞垂周壁式样和气孔形状在一些种间存在着明显的差异。分布于不同地貌类型的金花茶种类的气孔密度存在显著差异,分布在石灰岩山地的种类的气孔密度在整体上明显高于分布在非石灰岩山地的种类。     

关于樟科润楠属和鳄梨属的分类界线问题

讨论了润楠属Machilus Nees与鳄梨属Persea Mill.的分类界线, 认为两属的主要区别如下: 在润楠属中, 花被裂片相等或近相等, 极少外轮明显短于内轮, 在果期为纸质, 极少为薄革质, 伸长, 强度反曲, 极少张开与不反曲, 几乎宿存, 极少脱落, 如果脱落时则内、外轮从基部完全脱落; 花柱早落; 分布亚洲热带及亚热带地区。而在鳄梨属中, 花被裂片极不相等, 外轮明显短于内轮, 很少近相等, 在果期为革质到木质, 很少为薄革质, 张开或直立, 几乎不反曲, 绝大部分宿存或内轮在距基部的1/3到1/2处脱落; 花柱有时宿存; 分布美洲。两属的界线清楚, 不宜合并。把产于越南北部的Persea balansae Airy Shaw和产于苏门答腊的P. sumatrana Kosterm.转移到Machilus中, 从而提出Machilus balansae (Airy Shaw) F. N. Wei &; S. C. Tang和M. sumatrana (Kosterm.) F. N. Wei &; S. C. Tang两个新组合。     

越南蛛毛苣苔属(苦苣苔科)植物新记录

报道了2个苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)蛛毛苣苔属(Paraboea)(C.B.Clarke)Ridl.植物在越南的分布新记录,并列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布情况.     

中间锦鸡儿叶表皮微形态的经度格局及其影响因素

环境因子是影响植物种内变异的主要因素,而叶片是植物体最易受环境影响的器官。为了探究中间锦鸡儿植物叶表皮微形态是否具有经度变异及其影响因素,该研究在内蒙古高原调查了8个中间锦鸡儿种群叶片的气孔密度、气孔指数、表皮毛密度、气孔器长、气孔器宽,并利用回归分析探究其变异程度以及影响因子。结果表明：(1)锦鸡儿上下表皮均被有单细胞非腺毛,角质层粗糙,气孔下陷,为抗旱特征;中间锦鸡儿上表皮气孔密度、气孔指数、表皮毛密度、气孔器长和气孔器宽的均值分别为302.81个/mm²、9.94、204.81个/mm²、11.78 μm和5.95 μm,而叶片下表皮分别为272.83个/mm²、10.43、187.45 个/mm²、12.49 μm和6.18 μm。(2)中间锦鸡儿叶片的气孔密度与气孔指数随经度的增加而增加,而表皮毛密度随经度的增加却减小。(3)叶片上下表皮的可塑性指数排序均为：表皮毛密度>气孔密度>气孔指数>气孔器宽>气孔器长;中间锦鸡儿的叶表皮主要通过调节表皮毛密度及气孔密度来响应环境的变化,环境因子中日照时数、有效积温、相对湿度、土壤全碳、全磷、全氮含量显著影响叶片表皮的微形态特征。     

Terpenoids from Neolitsea buisanensis

Roots of Neolitsea buisanensis gave one previously unknown sesquiterpene dilactone (linderanine-A) besides the known compounds linderane, taraxerone and β-sitosterol. It is suggested that linderanine-A is not produced naturally, but is an artifact formed by oxidation of linderane. In addition to linderanine-A, air-oxidation of linderane also afforded three other new dilactones (linderanine-B, -C and -D.     

五种火棘属植物的叶面积回归分析

以采集于贵州、云南、广西、湖南等地的火棘、密花火棘、全缘火棘、细圆齿火棘和窄叶火棘共5种火棘属植物26 401个成熟叶样为材料,利用WinFOLIA软件测量叶的多项形态指标并与叶面积进行11种模拟方程回归分析。结果表明:五种火棘属植物的叶面积(LA)与叶长×叶宽(LW)相关性最高,幂函数方程、三次方程、二次方程和线性方程能较好拟合其关系,且均以幂函数方程的解释程度最高(R²均大于0.970),5个物种的幂函数方程分别为LA=0.743(LW)0.936、LA=0.748(LW)0.936、LA=0.742(LW)0.955、LA=0.732(LW)0.952、LA=0.766(LW)0.954。这说明基于叶长×叶宽的叶面积幂函数方程能很好地来模拟五种火棘属植物的叶面积。     

阿月浑子与中国黄连木叶形态结构特征研究

采用指甲油印迹法、石蜡切片观察、电镜观察的方法对阿月浑子与中国黄连木叶片解剖结构、气孔分布与形态特征进行观测分析。结果显示,阿月浑子叶上表皮气孔分布密度为132～P168个/cm2,且气孔多出现在主脉附近,下表皮气孔数从基部到叶尖逐渐减少,密度为112～P357个/cm2;中国黄连木上表皮气孔极少,仅出现在主脉处,下表皮气孔分布状况与阿月浑子相近,密度为164～P377个/cm2;两树种均分布有巨型气孔和气孔群、表皮细胞角质层发达、少量非腺毛主要分布在叶缘,其次在主脉处,叶面有蜡质分布,而且阿月浑子的蜡质明显比中国黄连木多;阿月浑子有4～P5层栅栏组织细胞,几乎没有海绵组织,中国黄连木叶肉具1层栅栏组织,多层海绵组织;阿月浑子主叶脉6～P8个维管束环状排列,在韧皮部中有6～P8个内分泌道,中国黄连木主叶脉3个维管束扇形排列,在韧皮部中有1～P3个内分泌道。对2树种叶形态结构特征与抗旱性的关系进行分析结果表明,阿月浑子具有旱生植物叶片结构特点,其水分利用方式属耗水型,对我国北方气候表现出一定的适应性。     

贵州小檗属植物(小檗科)叶脉序研究

采用制作叶脉标本和透明叶标本的方法,对贵州产28种2变种小檗属植物叶脉特征进行比较研究。结果表明:贵州小檗属植物的脉序类型有5种:半达缘羽状脉、花环状半达缘羽状脉、简单弓形羽状脉、花环状弓形羽状脉和混合型。叶脉分支一般有五级:1一级脉构架均为羽状脉,粗度有很粗、粗、中等粗细和纤细四种类型,分支方式包括单轴分支和合轴分支;2粗二级脉构架中有分支达缘或分支均不达缘,与中脉夹角变化各异,内二级脉存在或缺失,细二级脉半达缘、真曲行或简单弓形,间二级脉类型复杂多变但频度种间有差异;3三级脉贯串型、结网型或分支型;4四、五级脉网状或自由分支且常混合在一起。脉间区从发育差到良好,小脉从不分支到不均等分支等各种类型均有,叶缘末级脉缺失、不完整、钉状和环状。大部分种类叶缘具齿,每1cm齿数目和齿内腺点的特性等特征在不同种类间有区别,具有鉴定价值,但齿其它特征复杂多变或种间区别较小,同时齿内脉性状也不稳定。此外,齿的有无会对脉序类型产生影响。小檗属植物叶脉类型存在种间差异,具有重要的分类学价值,叶脉类型的变化和复杂程度显示了该属植物的进化特点;叶齿的有无和齿特征具有分类学和系统学意义。基于叶脉特征的研究结果并结合重要的外部形态学特征编制了贵州小檗属植物的分种检索表。研究结果可为小檗属植物分类寻找新的依据并探讨其系统学意义。     

黄耆属裂萼亚属6种植物叶表皮微形态特征研究

为了明确黄耆属裂萼亚属内部类群的关系,该研究采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,观察了黄耆属裂萼亚属6个组6种植物的叶表皮特征。结果表明:(1)在光学显微镜下,裂萼亚属6种植物的表皮毛密度、长度、臂长比以及气孔频率都存在较大差异:除莲山黄耆和地八角上表皮无毛外,其他种上下表皮都有毛分布并且下表皮毛密度较大;表皮毛臂长比在1.22~2.15之间;表皮毛的长度为104.7~902.0μm,同一个种的同一叶片上表皮毛长度差异在200~400μm之间,但上下表皮毛长度没有明显差别,其中短序组地八角的表皮毛长度最短(195.5μm),剑叶组鸡峰山黄耆的表皮毛长度最长(781.6μm)。(2)在光学显微镜下,裂萼亚属6种植物的表皮细胞形状和垂周壁式样也各不相同,其中灰叶黄耆和地八角垂周壁平直,莲山黄耆和鸡峰山黄耆为明显的波状,而斜茎黄耆和糙叶黄耆的垂周壁介于两者之间,相对应的表皮细胞形状分别为:多边形、不规则形和近多边形,这些特征可以作为物种鉴别的依据。(3)扫描电镜下,裂萼亚属6种植物的微形态特征基本一致,表皮毛均呈圆柱状,表面具有棱状条纹或乳头状突起,其中地八角的棱状条纹最为明显,其他各种之间的毛表面特征差异不明显;表皮细胞的蜡质层纹饰均为薄片状,气孔器外拱盖边缘平滑或微波状,其中地八角的气孔器周围角质层有明显的"T"型加厚。(4)比较不同环境下6种植物的气孔频率和密度发现,采自水边的地八角气孔频率最大,且上下表皮气孔频率一致,而采自黄土高原干旱地区鸡峰山黄耆的气孔频率却最小,与前人研究结果不一致。     

The importance of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits anthracnose and factors influencing the disease in Mana district,south-western Ethiopia

Anthracnose disease surveys were conducted in 25 farmers’ orchards, wholesaler and retailer shops in south-west Ethiopia. In addition, harvesting and postharvest practices, and storage conditions influencing disease development were studied with observation and questionnaire. The assessment results indicated significant variation among farmers’ orchards with the highest incidence (84.0 ± 16.7%) and severity index (26.0 ± 5.4%). Anthracnose damage of fruit was higher at retailers (76.7 ± 20.8%) than in the wholesalers shop (56.7 ± 32.5%). The total number of isolates identified was 249 and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the predominant pathogen proved by pathogenecity test. Among the major factors, harvesting avocado fruits with children (88%) and climbing on the tree (72%) resulted in fruit dropping that caused substantial injury and bruise. Generally, anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides of avocado fruit was prevalent in producer orchards that aggravated by traditional harvest and postharvest practices coupled to inadequate transportation and storage facilities at wholesaler and retailer shops with subsequent decay and loss of avocado fruits.     

Leaf alkaloids of Rauwolfia volkensii

Thirteen alkaloids were isolated and identified from the leaves of Rauwolfia volkensii. The alkaloids included E-seco heteroyohimbine, heteroyohimbine, sarpagan, dihydroindole, pleiocarpamine, picrinine and akuammicine types together with peraksine.     

羊茅属(禾本科)新类群

描述了山东产羊茅属的2个新类群,即毛鞘羊茅和崂山小颖羊茅。毛鞘羊茅与羊茅相近,表现在叶片内卷成线状,圆锥花序紧缩成穗状,外稃背部粗糙,区别在于具有向上膜质的叶耳,叶鞘密被倒向的微毛,小穗长7-10mm,第1外稃长4-5mm,顶端具0.5-1mm长的芒或无,内稃脊光滑;崂山小颖羊茅与原变种的区别在于第1颖卵状披针形,长1.5-2mm,具2-3脉。     

Quantitative variation in leaf pocket resin composition in Hymenaea

Leaf pocket resin sesquiterpenes have been quantitatively analysed in 11 species of the tropical genus Hymenaea. Variance-weighted similarity coefficients were calculated for all species and populational pairs, and chemical relationships among rainforest species and among all studied species and populations were visualized by dendrograms based on single-linkage clustering of similarity coefficients.     

中国滇芎属花粉形态及叶表皮微形态特征的研究

利用扫描电镜对伞形科滇芎属7个种的花粉与叶表皮形态进行了观察与研究,其中3种滇芎属植物的花粉形态为首次报道,7种叶表皮微形态为首次报道,为滇芎属的种间关系与属下系统发育研究提供参考资料.结果表明:(1)滇芎属7种植物花粉形态分为菱形、椭圆形、近矩形等3种,极面观的形状则有三角形、三角圆形以及钝三角形;花粉极轴与赤道轴的...