鲤鱼生长激素基因在鲫鱼中的基因转移及PCR检测

鲫鱼群体内,个体之间的生长速度差别不大,遗传保守性较强,用常规育种方法很难获得生长速度快、个体差异较大的后代。通过基因转移技术,将外源基因如鱼的生长激素基因导入鱼的受精卵中,而获得转基因鱼是钱定向育种的一条有效途径。已有报道,在虹鳟鱼生长激素cDNA上游连结一个病毒启动子构建成表达质粒,由此获得的转基因鲤鱼比对照生长速度快20％。但是未见有将鲤鱼生长激素基因导入鲫鱼受精卵的报导。我们克隆了鲤鱼生长激素基因,并用它构建了含有病毒启动子（F.1,插入0．8Kb,位于XbaI和PstI之间)的表达质粒（Fig.2,命名为pCMV－TK－CGH）。用该质粒对鲫鱼受精卵进行注射,注射了1000粒卵,获得了转基因实验鲫鱼480尾。孵化率为48％。将其中100尾幼鱼于水簇箱中进行放养。选择其中个体较大的50尾进行PCR检测。其中8条鱼的基因组DNA有0．6Kb的PCR扩增产物（Fig.3),表明其上整合有外源的鲤鱼生长激素基因,其整合率为16％。其中最大的一条体重4．2g,体和6cm,比对照（0．7g,4cm）体重增加5倍,体长增加2cm(Fig.4)。我们构建的是高效表达质粒,其上含有巨细胞病毒增强子和人单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶启动子（属强启动子）,对鲤鱼生长激素基因有较强的启动作用。鲤鱼和鲫鱼在分类上属同科不同属,考虑到两者生长激素基因有较强的启动作用。鲤鱼和鲫鱼在分类上属同科不同属,考虑到两者生长激素基因的同源性,对转基因鲫鱼的PCR检测参照了加拿大学者Du所用引物的设计、使注射的外源基因与其本身的内源生长激素基因相区别。我们的转基因整合率（16％）与Zhang(10%)、Grass和Hackett等报道的接近。转基因鲫鱼生长速度增加的倍数（5倍）与Du等人的结果（2－6）接近。但是,这一生长速度快的优势能否遗传给后代,有待进一步观察。     

鲤鱼生长激素和对虾白斑病毒囊膜蛋白VP28的融合表达及功能研究

鲤鱼生长激素GH是鲤鱼生长腺体分泌并促进鲤鱼生长的一种分泌蛋白.对虾白斑综合病毒(WSSV)VP28蛋白为囊膜蛋白,是病毒感染宿主的必需因子.根据gh和vp28的上下游序列,分别设计合成两对引物,PCR扩增gh和vp28基因,将基因gh和vp28按先后次序融合后插入穿梭质粒pPIC6αC多克隆位点,构建成重组分泌表达穿梭质粒pPIC6αC-(gh vp28),用Bstx1单酶切穿梭质粒pPIC6αC-(gh vp28)线形化,转化毕赤酵母X-33.重组菌株30℃甲醇诱导,实现在酵母中的融合分泌表达,获得融合蛋白.表达产物经SDS-PAGE检测和Western Blot印迹鉴定,显示与预期大小66kD相吻合的融合蛋白带.用Ni2 -柱纯化后的基因工程蛋白注射鳌虾进行蛋白生物功能测试,结果表明该蛋白获得了促鳌虾生长和抗WSSV感染的双重功效.     

饥饿状态下转基因鲤鱼和对照鲤鱼血清生长激素的表达研究

研究采用酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)技术,比较分析了转GH基因鲤鱼和对照鲤鱼在饥饿和饱食状态下血清生长激素水平的变化规律,并探讨其可能机制.实验结果表明,在投喂实验中,转基因鲤鱼和对照鲤鱼血清生长激素水平均无明显变化,但转基因鲤鱼血清生长激素远高于对照鲤鱼,分别为(142.0±4.9)ng/mL和(1.6±0.2)ng/mL,转基因鲤鱼体重增长速率显著高于对照鱼.在饥饿实验中,转基因鲤鱼的血清生长激素迅速下降,从(142.0±4.9)ng/mL降至(46.0±3.2)ng/mL,而后稳定在这一较低水平;对照鲤鱼血清生长激素持续卜升,从(1.6±0.2)ng/mL升至(10.9±1.4)ng/mL,体重负增长速率没有显著差异.研究结果提示,转GH基因鲤鱼血清生长激素的调控机制与对照鲤鱼的不同,其表达水平不受脑垂体反馈抑制调控机制的影响,而与重组GH基因中β-actin基因启动子的调控模式相关.     

利用Tol2转座子构建转基因草金鱼初探

青鳉Tol2转座子是脊椎动物中发现的第一例天然具有活性的转座子,目前已经被成功应用于多种模式动物的转基因研究中。采用PCR的方法以质粒pCAgcGH为模板亚克隆出一段含有草鱼生长激素(GH)5个外显子、鲤鱼β-actin启动子及多个酶切位点的序列,并将这段序列与经双酶切处理的质粒pTol2-MCS-EGFP进行重组连接,得到重组质粒pTol2-GH-EGFP。采用显微注射的方法将重组质粒pTol2-GH-EGFP与体外合成的Tol2转座酶mRNA一起注入草金鱼受精卵中。通过观察绿色荧光和PCR检验绿色荧光蛋白和GH基因的表达,筛选出成功转入外源基因的草金鱼。阳性表达检出率为17.3%。利用Tol2转座子构建转基因草金鱼,不仅丰富了Tol2转座子的应用范围,而且为进一步利用Tol2转座元件进行观赏鱼转基因及基因表达研究奠定了基础。     

鲤鱼生长激素基因在鲫鱼中的基因转移及PCR检测

鲫鱼群体内,个体之间的生长速度差别不大,遗传保守性较强,用常规育种方法很难获得生长速度快、个体差异较大的后代。通过基因转移技术,将外源基因如鱼的生长激素基因导入鱼的受精卵中,而获得转基因鱼是鱼类定向育种的一条有效途径。已有报道,在虹蹲鱼生长激素ｃＤＮＡ上游连结一个病毒启动子构建成表达质粒,由此获得的转基因鲤鱼比对照生长速度快２０％。但是未见有将鲤鱼生长激素基因导入鲫鱼受精卵的报导。我们克隆了鲤鱼生长激素基因,并用它构建了含有病毒启动子（Ｆｉｇ．１,插入片段为０．８Ｋｂ,位于ＸｂａＩ和ＰｓｔＩ之间）的表达质粒（Ｆｉｇ．２,命名为ｐＣＭＶ－ＴＫ－ＣＧＨ）。用该质粒对鲫鱼受精卵进行注射,共注射了１０００粒卵,获得了转基因实验鲫鱼４８０尾,孵化率为４８％。将其中１００尾幼鱼于水簇箱中进行放养。选择其中个体较大的５０尾进行ＰＣＲ（检测。其中８条鱼的基因组ＤＮＡ有０．６Ｋｂ的ＰＣＲ扩增产物（Ｆｉｇ．３）,表明其上整合有外源的鲤鱼生长激素基因,其整合率为１６％。其中最大的一条体重４．２ｇ,体长６ｃｍ,比对照（０．７ｇ,４ｃｍ）体重增加５倍,体长增加２ｃｍ（Ｆｉｇ．４）。我们构建的是高效表达质粒,其上含有巨细胞病毒增强子和     

鲑鱼生长激素基因分泌型表达质粒的构建

生长激素(GH)是动物垂体前叶分泌的一种多肽类激素.应用分子重组及PCR等技术,构建了一种鲑鱼生长激素基因分泌型表达质粒pOsGH153,使编码鲑鱼生长激素成熟肽的序列克隆在大肠杆菌分泌型表达载体PIN-Ⅲ-ompA内,直接位于编码大肠杆菌外膜蛋白A信号肽序列的下游,在Lpp-Lac杂合启动子控制下,经IPTG诱导,分子量约23 000的鲑鱼生长激素在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,该产物具有天然鲑鱼生长激素的免疫活性,直接分泌到细胞周质,而信号肽被自动剪除.     

人生长激素和转移的人生长激素基因对去垂体鱼的生长代偿效应

通过显微注射技术,将小鼠重金属螯合蛋白(MT-1)基因启动顺序与人生长激素基因顺序的重组体pMThGH注入鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)的受精卵内,由此发育的转基因鱼及其后代F1和F2均显示出快速生长效应。去垂体后,转基因鲤鱼F2持续生长,而非转基因鲤鱼和鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)的生长停止。给去垂体的鲫鱼腹腔注射生物合成的人生长激素(hGH),可恢复其生长。实验结果表明,转基因鱼体内表达和体外生物合成的hGH均能代偿鲤鱼和鲫鱼的内源生长激素并刺激去垂体鱼的生长。     

鲤鱼生长激素在毕赤酵母中的表达

 将编码鲤鱼 (Cyprinuscarpio )生长激素 (GH)成熟肽的cDNA克隆到毕赤酵母 (P .pastoris)胞内表达载体pHIL D2中 ,构建重组表达质粒pHIL D2 GH .转化组氨酸缺陷型酵母GS115,获得表达鲤鱼GH的酵母工程菌 .经甲醇诱导 ,SDS PAGE和Western印迹检测表明 ,鲤鱼GH在酵母中得到表达 ,表达产物在胞内以可溶状态存在 ,具有鲤鱼GH的免疫活性 .用诱导后的酵母投喂罗非鱼 ,实验结果证实所构建的工程菌具有明显的促生长作用     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.