瑶药内服外用结合药灸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变35例

糖尿病周围神经病变是严重影响糖尿病患者身体健康的慢性并发症之一. 2003～2007年笔者采用瑶药枫莲丸内服、瑶药熏洗手足结合药灸疗法治疗糖尿病周围神经病变 35例,取得满意疗效,现总结如下.     

新疆药用植物资源和民族药概况

本文报道了新疆药用植物资源的分布情况和蕴藏量,以及维、哈民族药的简要情况,还对新疆的药用植物和民族药开发利用研究的思路进行了探讨。     

滇西北野生长柱鹿药的资源分布与保护利用

报道了滇西北野生长柱鹿药的资源分布状况、开发利用现状及存在的问题,提出了开发与保护可持续发展的措施.     

瑶药风湿骨痛喷雾剂的皮肤过敏性试验研究

目的:对瑶药风湿骨痛喷雾剂进行皮肤过敏性试验,为临床安全用药提供依据。方法:豚鼠30只,雌雄各半,按性别、体重随机分成3组,每组10只,于第0、7、14d左侧脱毛致敏,第28 d右侧激发给药,观察其是否产生过敏作用。结果:空白组和给药组对豚鼠无过敏性反应,阳性组出现过敏反应。结论:瑶药风湿骨痛喷雾剂经皮肤给药是安全的。     

福建清源山药用蕨类植物资源与分布

福建清源山药用蕨类植物有15科21属26种;对其分布及利用价值作了阐述,并进一步对开发利用药用蕨类植物资源提出建议。     

浙江药用葫芦壳资源及生药学研究

本文对浙江葫芦壳类药材进行了资源调查,并对葫芦及５个变种药材进行了资源、显微、薄层色谱及紫外光谱的鉴别,为扩大药源,开发利用及鉴别提供参考依据。     

牛蒡子的研究进展

通过对牛蒡子的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性和药代动力学等方面的国内外研究概况进行了综述,为牛蒡子的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

渭河河道菊科植物资源调查与分析

通过实地调查、查阅文献等方法,研究了渭河菊科植物资源的种类、分布、观赏特性和生态特性等。结果表明:渭河河道菊科植物资源丰富,调查到的菊科植物共有49属85种,从中筛选出分布频率25%以上的种共21种,分析其观赏价值、生态价值以及开发利用前景,提出其在园林应用、生态改善、药用三个方面进行合理开发利用的建议。     

假木通植物补充记载

<正> 假木通(Stephanotis chunii Tsiang)隶属于萝摩科(Asclepiadaceae)黑曼藤属(Stephanotis Thou.),为我国特有的藤状灌木植物,现仅见于广西的大瑶山、十万大山和广东的鼎湖山。1936年蒋英教授发表假木通新种时,没有看见果的标本,最近从金秀县(大瑶山)采集到假木通的果实标本,现补充记载如下,以供参考。 假木通(中国高等植物图鉴)大补药、十全大补、瑶佬药、藤列别、铜列(广西金秀瑶语)     

天目山自然保护区悬钩子属药用植物资源研究

通过野外调查、采集标本、分类鉴定和查阅文献相结合的方法对浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区悬钩子属植物的药用资源状况进行了较为系统的调查研究。结果发现 :该保护区有悬钩子属植物 1 6种和 1变种 ,它们都可以作为药用植物入药 ,且资源蕴藏量大 ,具有较高的开发利用价值。该项研究有助于该保护区悬钩子属药用植物的开发利用 ,对扩大该属植物药源和发展地方经济都将起到积极的促进作用     

Yao herbal medicinal market during the Dragon Boat Festival in Jianghua County,China

Background

The traditional medicinal markets held during the Dragon Boat Festival are common and important in China’s countryside. In Jianghua, a Yao autonomous county in Hunan Province in China, the medicinal market also plays an important role for the application, conservation, and communication of traditional Yao medicinal knowledge.

Methods

During the Dragon Boat Festival in 2016 and 2017, ethnobotanical surveys and inventories were conducted in the medicinal market of Jianghua County, and voucher plant specimens were collected, identified, and deposited in a herbarium. Quantitative analysis included measurement of frequency of occurrence for species in the marketplace and the relative importance index for the number of uses for a given species.

Results

A total of 306 plant species (249 genera, 113 families) and their related information about the medicinal market were collected. Some major findings include the following: (1) Using the whole plant as medicine is more common than other medicinal plant parts; (2) treating rheumatism and clearing inner heat are the most frequent medicinal uses; and (3) taking a medicinal bath is the most frequent modality to administer the traditional medicine. The frequency of occurrence and the relative importance index of some medicinal plants were analyzed, as well as the demographics and the number of stalls and the status of traditional Yao medicinal knowledge in Jianghua. Based on the investigation, suggestions were proposed for better protecting the medicinal market and preserving traditional medicinal knowledge in Jianghua County.

Conclusion

The medicinal market during the Dragon Boat Festival in Jianghua County possesses an important cultural value and helps to conserve the traditional Yao medicinal knowledge. The medicinal plants sold at the market showed great diversity and unique local characteristics. The medicinal market is facing some challenges in such a rapidly developing era. Cultivation of young healers and maintaining the local biodiversity might be the key solutions for the development of local medicinal market and local Yao medicinal knowledge.

     

湖南蓝山县端午药市的瑶药调查

中国南方一些少数民族地区民间“端午药市”流传至今,体现了民族医药的独具特色及其深远影响。为了解瑶族端午药市交易现状和发掘民族医药传统知识,采用民族植物学等方法对湖南省蓝山县端午药市进行调查,完成包括基原、地方名、药用部位、用途和用法、出现频度等内容的药用植物编目。结果表明:蓝山县端午药市药用植物种类丰富,共收集鉴定103科 222属262种,药用植物种类广泛分布于各科和各属中,其中种类较多的科有五加科(11种)、茜草科(11种)、菊科(11种)、百合科(10种)、唇形科(9种)、蝶形花科(8种)、芸香科(7种)。药市药浴植物畅销且种类多样,达94种,占总数的35.9%,体现瑶族在治疗疾病上以预防保健为主的理念。经统计药市上均未被国家药典和地方标准收录的药用植物有131种,占总数的50.2%,成为发掘新药源、新用途的潜在资源。对端午药市售药者年龄的调查发现,售药者的年龄主要集中在50～59岁间,占总人数的67%,40岁以下的仅占总人数的3%,可见民族药用传统知识的传承存在传承人老龄化、潜在传承人数量锐减的现象。此外,还对药市交易药用植物的种类组成和民族药用特色进行分析,探讨了端午药市对药用传统知识保护与传承的影响,并对蓝山端午药市的可持续发展提出了建议。     

广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的民族植物学知识

瑶族是一个拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的民族,红瑶是其中一个分支,因妇女服饰上的花纹图案以大红色为主而得名,其生活习俗饱含民族特色,对植物尤其是药用植物的利用方式,与其他民族不同。该研究采用经典的民族植物学理论和方法,访问调查了广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物种类,根据植物拉丁名、中文名、当地名、用途、用法及药用部位,对其进行民族植物学编目,并与《中国药典》作了比较。结果表明:共记录到药用植物95种,隶属于57科83属,其中蔷薇科、百合科种类最多,分别含有7种,显示龙胜红瑶传统药用植物资源的多样性;全株入药的植物种类41种,占总数的43.16%;根入药的种类为23种,占总数的24.21%;叶入药的种类为13种,占总数的13.68%。药用植物的药用部位以全株、根及叶为主;治疗风湿类疾病的药物比重最大,为23.47%,推测与其生活的环境有关;与《中国药典》比较,发现71种植物未被其收录,另有17种虽被收录但主治功效不同,有7种被收录且主治功效大致相同,为新型中药的研发提供了借鉴。同时,还探讨了龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的药用价值、资源现状及文化传承的问题。     

白裤瑶体质人类学研究

本文对953名(男605人,女348人)生活在贵州和广西接境地带的白裤瑶民族进行了活体调查(观察28个项目,测量63个项目)。调查对象年龄为22—55岁,三代均系白裤瑶。分析结果表明：白裤瑶属蒙古人种南亚类型,具有典型现代黄种人的容貌特征。多为圆头型,以超狭面型多见,属中鼻型,矮型身材。白裤瑶与南方16个少数民族群体10项头面部体部测量数据聚类分析,结果显示白裤瑶人群的体质特征与贵州毛南族、湖南侗族、云南苗族最为接近,与广西苗族、彝族、侗族、瑶族次之,与贵州苗族、水族以及湖南土家族、瑶族等民族较远。     

孕期应激下调成年雄性子代大鼠海马HDAC2表达

目的明确母代大鼠孕期应激对雄性子代海马中组蛋白去乙酰化酶2(histone deacetylase 2, HDAC2)表达变化的影响。方法将16只SD孕鼠随机分为应激组和对照组,每组8只,应激组在孕16-21天进行限制性应激,对照组不做任何处理。ELISA检测成年子代外周血血浆糖皮质激素,用旷场、高架十字迷宫、新物体识别及巴恩斯迷宫四种行为学评估成年子代认知功能,免疫组织化学、Western blot、RT-PCR 检测成年雄性子代海马HDAC2表达变化。结果母代孕期应激成年子代糖皮质激素升高,旷场与高架十字迷宫中表现出焦虑样行为,新物体识别与Barnes迷宫表现出学习记忆与空间记忆能力下降,海马HDAC2 mRNA和蛋白水平均下调。结论孕期应激对子代成年的认知功能损害可能与子代海马HDAC2的表达下调有关。     

Comparison of demography, diet, lifestyle, and serum lipid levels between the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. Little is known about dyslipidemia in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of demography, diet, and lifestyle on serum lipid levels between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. A total of 1,170 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 1,173 subjects of Han Chinese aged 15-89 years were surveyed by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. The levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and apoB were significantly lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han. Physical activity level and total dietary fiber intake were higher, whereas body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total energy intake, and total fat intake were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han. Hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and total energy and total fat intakes and negatively associated with physical activity level and total dietary fiber intake in both populations, but it was positively associated with age and alcohol consumption only in Han. The differences in the lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups were associated with different dietary habits, lifestyle choices, and levels of physical activities.     

New fossil Ochteridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteroidea) from the Upper Mesozoic of north‐eastern China,with phylogeny of the family

Specimens of the velvety shore bugs (Hemiptera: Ochtheridae) occur in the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in north‐eastern China. We describe two new genera and three new species –Pristinochterus ovatus Yao, Zhang & Ren sp. nov., Floricaudus multilocellus Yao, Ren & Shih gen.n. et sp.n. and Angulochterus quatrimaculatus Yao, Zhang & Ren gen.n. et sp.n. – from this deposit. A cladistic analysis based on a combination of fossil and extant taxa, and their morphological characters, clarifies the phylogenetic status of the new fossils and allows the reconstruction of relationships within the family Ochteridae. Two main clades within Ochteridae are recognized from the cladistic analysis: Pristinochterus Yao Cai & Ren and Floricaudus Yao, Ren & Shih gen.n. form a monophyletic lineage; and Angulochterus Yao, Zhang & Ren gen.n. emerges as a sister group to all extant velvety shore bugs. A key to all fossil and extant genera of Ochteridae is provided.     

我国瑶、汉、壮、苗、维五个民族补体成份B因子多态性的调查报告

用琼脂糖凝胶高压电泳及免疫固定技术对我国瑶、汉、壮、苗、维五个民族人群的补体B因子(Bf)的多态性进行了检测,结果显示,这五个民族的Bf基因频率均以s型最高,但参差不齐。从高到低的顺序是瑶0.9071,汉0.8727,壮0.8426,苗0.7667,维0.6622。BfF基因频率其次,但也高低不一,从高到低的顺序是维0.2680,苗0.2000,壮0.1343,汉0.1159,瑶0.0929。频率居第三位的是BfSO7,差别显著,维0.0586,苗0.0333,壮0.0232,汉0.0091,瑶0.0000。在罕见型方面,220例份汉族人中发现一例SO45杂合子,222例份维族中检出4例FO65及1例F1杂合子。本文结合我国其他民族及全球大量检测数据进行了一些对比讨论。     

Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi nov. sp., a Jurassic saturnalid radiolarian species frequently confounded with Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (Yao)

Detailed morphological study of the ring of the Jurassic saturnalid radiolarian species frequently cited in the literature as Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (Yao) has proven that it contains two well-defined species: H. suboblongus (Yao), practically ranging within the boundaries of the Bajocian, and Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi nov. sp., ranging within the Bathonian-Kimmeridgian interval. The two species seem to be important stratigraphically because the transition from the former to the latter took place at or around the Bajocian/Bathonian boundary. The phyletic lineage Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (Yao) → H. inuyamaensis (Yao) → H. suboblongus (Yao) → H. nakasekoi nov. sp. → H. minor (Baumgartner) → Dicerosaturnalis angustus (Baumgartner) → D. dicranacanthos (Squinabol) is proposed.     

广东瑶族青少年学生体表面积研究

研究瑶族青少年身高、体重及体表面积的生长发育状况, 为建立瑶族中小学生健康指标评价体系提供依据。采用Stevenson公式和胡咏梅公式计算每位学生的体表面积, 并求得7—18岁12个年龄组的男女学生的体表面积均数。结果显示: 瑶族青少年学生的身高、体重及体表面积随年龄增长而增长, 且其增长速度男女生均可分为匀速增长期、快速增长期、缓慢增长期3个不同时期; 男女生身高、体重及体表面积发育曲线均出现双交叉现象。两法统计的瑶族青少年的体表面积均随年龄增长而增长。胡咏梅法计算的体表面积大于Stevenson法(P<0.01)。