彩叶地被植物在南京园林绿地中的应用

简要阐述了彩叶地被植物的概念、分类以及南京园林绿地中应用的常见种类、应用原则,提出了彩叶地被植物在园林景观中林下、林缘、疏林、水景、边坡、道路、空旷地及花境中的应用形式,供园林绿化者参考。     

基于供需分析的城市绿地空间布局优化——以南京市为例

城市绿地具有生态服务和社会服务两种主要功能,这两种服务水平的高低取决于供需关系.而绿地的供给和需求不仅指数量上,还包括空间分布,因此单纯的绿化指标或可达性水平都不能完全体现城市绿地的真实服务水平.本文从供需分析的角度,在ArcGIS平台下,利用均匀度指数和可达范围内人均享有公共绿地达标率考察了南京城市绿地的生态服务和社会服务在空间上的需求和供给,最终得出了南京市各区绿地系统的生态和社会服务水平.结果表明:东部地区绿地数量上富余,但缺乏高可达性公共绿地,社会服务水平中等;老城地区绿地缺乏,特征绿地分布不均匀,绿地生态和社会服务水平低;河西地区绿地社会服务水平高,但生态绿地较少且分布不均,生态服务水平低;南部、北部均存在绿地不足、分布不均、高可达性公共绿地少的问题.     

基于供需分析的城市绿地空间布局优化——以南京市为例

城市绿地具有生态服务和社会服务两种主要功能,这两种服务水平的高低取决于供需关系.而绿地的供给和需求不仅指数量上,还包括空间分布,因此单纯的绿化指标或可达性水平都不能完全体现城市绿地的真实服务水平.本文从供需分析的角度,在ArcGIS平台下,利用均匀度指数和可达范围内人均享有公共绿地达标率考察了南京城市绿地的生态服务和社会服务在空间上的需求和供给,最终得出了南京市各区绿地系统的生态和社会服务水平.结果表明：东部地区绿地数量上富余,但缺乏高可达性公共绿地,社会服务水平中等;老城地区绿地缺乏,特征绿地分布不均匀,绿地生态和社会服务水平低;河西地区绿地社会服务水平高,但生态绿地较少且分布不均,生态服务水平低;南部、北部均存在绿地不足、分布不均、高可达性公共绿地少的问题.     

合肥市野生地被植物种类构成研究

在野外调查和统计分析的基础上,运用五点随机取样法对合肥市的野生地被资源进行了系统的调查,并根据调查结果,选取发生频率大于30%的野生地被植物作为统计分析的对象。运用Spss10.0软件,对综合值采用组间连接法进行聚类分析,找出合肥市不同类型的野生地被植物的常见种类,并分析其发生特点。结果表明:合肥市野生地被植物种类有119种,涉及43科,105属,其中菊科16种,禾本科10种,蓼科9种,十字花科8种。不同类型的野生地被植物种类构成主要有16种:冬春型野生地被植物4种,夏秋型野生地被植物5种,全光照型野生地被植物4种,蜀山森林生态系统型野生地被植物3种。     

野生地被植物的园林应用与探讨——以扬州市瘦西湖风景区为例

野生地被植物是自然风景的重要组成部分,合理利用可以增加园林绿化植物种类的多样性,丰富园林景观,减少管理成本,促进园林生态系统的可持续发展.以扬州市瘦西湖风景区为例,介绍了野生地被植物的资源,论述了野生地被植物的观赏价值、开发利用现状及存在的问题,并对野生地被植物的园林地位、合理开发和利用野生植物资源、因地制宜打造特色景观,进行了一些探讨.     

中山市小榄镇城区绿地植物调查与评价

本文对小榄镇城区绿地植物种类进行了调查与研究.调查发现,小榄镇植物种类丰富,有105科433种.其中,公园绿地和苗圃区植物种类最多,街头与街道附属绿地植物种类较单调:乔木与灌木应用较多,藤本植物应用较少:乔木花卉于公园中应用较多;人工造林的林相、林型单一.旧城区绿地严重缺乏;部分工厂、学校对绿化不重视.研究提出,合理选择绿化树种,将木兰科植物作为乡土类的重点,紫葳科、木棉科和豆科作为外来树种引进的重点;对贺榄山现存桉树、相思疏残林进行林相改造,选择樟科、壳斗科、山茶科等作为骨干树种分期、分批进行混植.最后,筛选出适合各种类型绿地应用的绿化树种.     

福建厦门城市绿地主要落叶植物及其园林应用

在对厦门市区主要道路、公园、街头绿地、住宅小区等绿地落叶植物的种类、配置方式、景观特征等调查分析的基础上,总结了厦门城市园林绿地中落叶植物的基本特色,并提出改进应用建议,为今后城市绿地更好地利用落叶植物提供借鉴与参考。     

吉安市野生地被植物资源及其园林应用综合评价

通过对吉安市典型山地野生地被植物资源进行实地调查,在初步确定具有良好观赏价值的87种野生地被植物基础上,采用线性加权综合法数学模型对吉安市野生地被植物作了综合评价,重点推荐在吉安地区具有园林应用价值的野生地被植物5种,为野生地被植物的合理开发应用提供科学依据。     

舟山海岛野生地被植物资源及园林应用

舟山群岛属亚热带气候,野生地被植物资源十分丰富。经过2年的调查研究,报道野生地被植物共有82科,207属,357种,结合地被植物选择原则,筛选出观赏价值较高的20种乡土地被植物用于城市绿化,针对不同园林用途提出不同的地被种类,并对开发海岛乡土地被植物的工作提出建议。     

长春市园林地被植物研究

通过对长春市园林地被植物的初步调查研究,报道了长春市常见园林地被植物有95种,隶属76属37科。介绍这些地被植物的园林应用及生态习性,指出了长春市园林地被植物绿化中存在的问题,提出了发展长春市园林地被植物的建议。     

南京市主城区苔藓植物多样性及其与环境的关系

苔藓植物是结构特殊的高等植物,种类数量仅次于被子植物,具有独特的观赏价值,应用前景广阔.为了更好地利用苔藓植物进行园林造景,本研究对南京市主城区10个绿地样点77个样地的苔藓植物进行了调查.结果表明: 共记录苔藓植物21科36属55种,其中丛藓科、羽藓科等苔藓种类在调查区域内分布广泛.苔藓种类丰富度由城中心向周围逐渐降低.根据苔藓植物多样性的聚类分析可将10个绿地样点分为3组,与园林生境、人为干扰频度、面积等因素有关.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,郁闭度、湿度和基质类型是影响苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子.南京市多数苔藓植物喜欢生长在湿度适中、较为开阔的区域.     

黑龙江省哈阿高速公路景观绿化植物种类调查与分析

对黑龙江省哈尔滨至阿城高速公路景观绿化植物组成进行了调查,该路段景观绿化植物共有27种,隶属于15科,25属。其中常绿乔木2种,落叶乔木2种,灌木12种,木质藤本1种,草本花卉6种,草坪及地被植物4种,且多数为落叶植物。对这些植物种类生长状况和物候特点所进行的调查为高速公路选择和推广绿化植物提供了理论依据。沿途野生草本植物的研究对减少经济投入和公路两旁绿化具有积极意义。     

Effects of urban land cover on the local species pool in Britain

Regression models were used to quantify the relationship between the amount of urban land and composition of local species pools. There was no evidence that urban land cover increases the richness of plant species, based on a survey of 785 2-km squares of which 157 had > 10% urban land cover. However, the number of alien plants is significantly higher in urban areas. Complete urbanization approximately doubles the proportion of alien species, and the proportion of aliens is twice as high in southern Britain as in the north. The flora of urban tetrads consists of ubiquitous native species and introduced species characteristic of waste ground, but woodland species are poorly represented. At the tetrad scale. enhanced dispersal by man is not the main factor for maintaining the urban flora; availability of urban habitats and high levels of disturbance are more important. The planned housing expansion to greenfield sites in Britain will increase the proportion of alien species, yet the majority of native species should persist in urban areas if existing woodland is preserved.     

Spontaneous Establishment of Woody Plants in Central European Derelict Sites and their Potential for Reclamation

The performance of woody plants was analyzed in 15 successional seres starting at bare ground in central European manmade habitats. The total cover of woody species after 10 years of succession was significantly related neither to initial soil moisture nor to nitrogen (expressed using Ellenberg indicator values). But the comparison of seres indicates that establishment of woody plants was easier under moderate environmental conditions and retarded in extreme habitats (dry, nutrient-poor, or acid). The arrival of the first woody plants was delayed in dry sites. No significant differences were found between primary and secondary seres, either with respect to the total cover of woody plants reached after 10 years of succession or considering the time of their arrival. In total, 24 woody species (10 shrubs and 14 trees) appeared in the series investigated. Their successional performance (in terms of the number of seres in which the species occurred and maximum cover reached in any sere) was not related to species traits (life strategy, type of mycorrhizae, mode of dispersal, diaspore weight), except for the regeneration strategy, species with seasonal regeneration by seeds were capable of creating higher cover. Betula pendula (European birch) was the most successful species in spontaneous succession, especially on moist sites. Practical suggestions for the management of particular habitats (sites disturbed by mining, sites reclaimed after acid rain deforestation, urban sites, abandoned fields) are provided regarding the establishment of woody plants.     

城市绿地种子库的初步研究

对城市绿地土壤种子库的组成、种群数量、空间分布和物种多样性进行了初步研究,结果表明：城市绿地土壤种子库存中共出现植物42种,其中在第一层中共出现植物1 477株,多样性指数为2.05,均匀度是0.58,最大的物种多样性指数是3.56,第二层的物种多样性指数,均匀度和最大物种多样性指数均比第一层要低,分别为1.94、0.56和3.47,植物种类也要少一些。城市绿地土壤种子库中种的丰富度、种子苗量、多样性指数均不如远郊区山地天然次生林。城市绿地土壤种子库中蕴藏着一些潜在种群,有些植物种可以用于城市绿化建设。     

Flowers for better pest control? The effects of apple orchard ground cover management on green apple aphids (Aphis spp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), their predators and the canopy insect community

Effects of habitat diversification through ground cover management on green apple aphids (Aphis spp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum [Haussmann]) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), their insect natural enemies and the most abundant canopy insects (in the Neuroptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Formicidae) were studied in an apple orchard over 6 years. The composition and diversity of the main functional groups of canopy insects was also compared. Habitat diversification was achieved by changing ground cover conditions within the orchard. In the treatment termed FLOWER, annual and/or perennial flowering plants were sown in the alleys of an apple orchard. Other ground cover treatments were weed-free bare ground (termed BAREgr) and orchard plots with alleys of mowed grass (termed GRASS), which served as control treatments. We found no evidence that habitat diversification enhanced the biological control of green apple aphids compared to the control treatments. However, the greater plant cover in FLOWER resulted in increased woolly apple aphid infestations compared to BAREgr or GRASS. The abundance of various beneficial or neutral canopy insects – Chrysoperla carnea sensu lato (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) adults, leafhoppers and treehoppers, planthoppers, herbivorous (non-apple feeding) beetles, dipterans and parasitoid wasps – also increased in FLOWER as compared to BAREgr, with GRASS being intermediate between the other treatments. Significantly greater species richness and diversity was found in FLOWER than in BAREgr for most of the functional groups sampled, although the number of predacious insect species was similar among treatments. The composition of the studied functional groups showed high similarity in FLOWER and GRASS, but these treatments were different from BAREgr. Effects of groundcover management on the dominant insect species are discussed.