射干生物学研究（1）分类学综合特征和居群调查

本文对射干［Ｂｅｌａｍｃａｎｄａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）ＤＣ．］分类学的综合特征包括根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子以及地理分布和居群调查进行报道,旨在利用和保护这一宝贵的中药资源,并为引种栽培提供参考。     

中国鸢尾属植物根茎中异黄酮类成分分布的初步研究及其系统学意义

本文对鸢尾属Iris 22个种(基本上包括了各个亚属的代表)及其近缘属植物射干属Belamcanda的 射干 B．chinensis(L．)DC．进行了根茎的异黄酮类成分的比较分析研究。结果表明,鸢尾属植物和射干 中普遍具有异黄酮类成分,这是它们的特征性成分之一。根据化学成分的特征,鸢尾属可以分为两大类 群：只含异黄酮甙元的类群和既含异黄酮甙又含甙元的类群。从化学成分的分布特征来看,无附属物亚 属subgen．Limniris只含异黄酮甙元,是一个比较自然的类群。鸡冠状附属物亚属subgen．Crossiris,除小 花鸢尾 I．speculatrix Hance外,是一个较自然的类群。野鸢尾亚属subgen．Pardanthopsis和射干属的成分 非常相似,有着密切的亲缘关系,是鸢尾属中原始的类群。从化学成分特征来看,野鸢尾亚属与琴瓣鸢 尾亚属subgen．Xyridion、鸡冠状附属物亚属、须毛状附属物亚属subgen．Iris都有着一定的联系。根据化 学成分、孢粉学、细胞学等特征,认为：华夏鸢尾I．cathayensis Migo和长白鸢尾I．mandshurica Maxim．为无附属物亚属与须毛状附属物亚属两亚属之间的过渡类型。小花鸢尾是无附属物亚属向鸡冠状附属物亚属过渡的中间类型。扁竹兰I．confusa Sealy和扇形鸢尾I．wattii Baker可能是同一个种。     

射干苷元衍生物的制备及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

以射干苷元为先导化合物合成了5个衍生物,并以射干苷元为对照,考察化合物体外抗肿瘤的活性,为研发新抗肿瘤药物提供依据。化学试验分别通过磺化反应、甲基化、乙基化反应合成化合物1～5,并根据红外、紫外、质谱、核磁等数据确定各化合物的结构,分别是射干苷元-5'-磺酸钠(1)、4',7-二甲基射干苷元(2)、4',7-二甲基射干苷元-5'-磺酸钠(3)、4',7-二乙基射干苷元(4)、4',7-二乙基射干苷元-5'-磺酸钠(5),其中化合物5为新化合物;活性研究表明各化合物组对HCT116、A549、HepG2细胞体外增值均有不同程度的抑制作用,效果明显强于同等剂量的射干苷元组,特别是化合物3对A549的IC50为33. 67μM,化合物5对HCT116和HepG2的IC50分别为24. 71和32. 42μM,抗肿瘤活性明显,具有很好的开发利用价值。     

中国鸢尾属植物根茎中异黄酮类成分分布的初步研究及其系统 …

本文对茑尾属Ｉｒｉｓ２２个种（基本上包括了各个亚属的代表）及其近缘属干属Ｂｅｌａｍｃａｎｄａ的射干Ｂ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）ＤＣ．进行了根茎的异黄酮类成分的比较分析研究。结果表明,茑尾属植物和射干中普遍具有异黄酮类成分,这是它们的特征性成分之一。根据化学成分的特征,茑尾属可以分为两大类群：只含世黄酮甙元的类群和既含异黄酮甙又含甙元的类群。从化学成分的分布特征来看,无附属物亚属ｓｕｂｇｅｎ．Ｌｉ     

射干真叶、花蕾诱导愈伤组织的研究

目的:建立射干愈伤组织的诱导体系。方法:采用MS培养基为基本培养基,研究不同浓度激素配比及不同AgNO_3浓度对射干真叶、花蕾诱导愈伤组织的影响,并利用显微技术鉴定其愈伤组织类型。结果:射干无菌苗真叶愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为:MS+2,4-D 1. 0 mg·L~(-1)+6-BA 1. 5 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 1. 0mg·L~(-1)+AgNO_315mg·L~(-1),花蕾愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为:MS+2,4-D 1. 0 mg·L~(-1)+6-BA 1. 0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 1. 0 mg·L~(-1),诱导率均高于60%,其中2,4-D对射干愈伤组织诱导至关重要,AgNO_3对射干真叶胚性愈伤组织的形成有一定的影响。结论:花蕾是射干愈伤组织诱导较理想的外植体材料,获得的高效愈伤组织诱导条件将为后续射干细胞悬浮体系的成功构建奠定基础。     

退耕还草 射干先行

射干（Belamcandachinensis）又名扁竹兰、蚂螂花,系鸢尾科射干属植物。属多年生宿根草本,高可达１米,具粗壮的根状茎。叶片扁平,剑形,互生,长１５—３０厘米,宽约２．５厘米;花序二歧伞房花序,顶生,花桔黄,有深色斑点,花径５—８厘米,花被片６,花期７—８月;蒴果,种子黑色具光泽。射干的繁育可用多种方法,可用种子育苗,也可用根茎育苗。用种子育苗法,种植前一定要处理种子,因射干果肉丰厚,富含果糖果胶等物质。不处理种子,胚芽不易吸收水份,出苗不齐。块根繁殖法,是将生长２—３年以上成年射干的鲜根,分成２—３…     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定川射干中7个异黄酮成分的含量

分析测定不同产地的川射干中射干苷、鸢尾甲苷A、鸢尾甲苷B、野鸢尾苷、鸢尾苷元、鸢尾甲黄素A、鸢尾甲黄素B 7个异黄酮成分,建立快速测定其异黄酮成分含量的方法。采用Waters Acquity UPLC系统;色谱柱为Waters BEH C18柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm);流动相为乙腈-0.5%冰醋酸,梯度洗脱;流速0.5 m L/min;柱温:35℃;检测波长266 nm。所得结果表明川射干中异黄酮成分分离良好,各成分进样量与峰面积在测定范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r≥0.9990),加样回收率分别为99.68%、100.57%、98.43%、98.03%、99.14%、97.53%、101.86%,RSD分别为0.84%、1.82%、1.67%、1.54%、0.89%、1.95%、1.77%。本实验所建立的川射干UPLC含量测定方法快速、简便、准确,为川射干的质量控制提供了科学依据。     

玉蕊—一种极具开发价值的园林观赏树种

玉蕊是厦门新引进的园林观赏树种,本文介绍了其形态特征,生物学特性,引种栽培情况及栽培要点。     

金针菇栽培中的杂菌污染及防治

塑料袋栽培金针菇已成为当前金针菇栽培的主要方法。在金针菇栽培过程中,由于金针菇菌丝生长速度较慢,抗杂菌污染能力弱,再加上菇农缺乏栽培技术等原因,常导致袋栽金针菇被杂菌污染,轻则影响产量,重则导致绝产。因此,防止金针菇栽培杂菌污染,提高栽培的成功率和产量,已成为金针菇栽培者所关心的突出问题。本文作者总结了多年来从事食用菌教学和技术推广工作的一些经验,希望有益于广大的金针菇栽培者。现将杂菌种类、形态特征、污染原因及防治措施简介如下。1金针菇栽培中的污染杂菌种类及形态特征1．1木霉菌木霉菌是袋栽金针菇最…     

玉蕊——一种极具开发价值的园林观赏树种

玉蕊是厦门新引进的园林观赏树种。本文介绍其形态特征、生物学特性、引种栽培情况及栽培要点。     

三只羊岩溶峰丛洼地果-药复合栽培模式研究

岩溶峰丛洼地的耕地可分为3种类型:洼底平地、带状阶梯地和高坡石穴地。传统的玉米+黄豆种植模式在三种类型耕地上的产值均很低,需要调整品种结构,改革种植模式。该文报道了基于三种耕地特点的四种果-药复合种植试验,即沙田柚+绞股蓝、大果枇杷+射干+扶芳藤、无核黄皮+射干+扶芳藤、四月桃+金银花。初步结果显示,四种模式均可大幅度提高耕地的产值,可作为岩溶峰丛洼地地区生态农业可持续发展的重要模式。     

射干叶中异黄酮类化学成分的研究

从海南产射干叶中分得8个异黄酮类化合物,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析其化学结构分别鉴定为鸢尾黄酮新苷A(iristectorin A,1)、野鸢尾苷(iridin,2)、鸢尾苷(tectoridin,3)、鸢尾苷元(tectorigenin,4)、次野鸢尾黄素(irisflorentin,5)、染料木素(genistein,6)、染料木苷(genistin,7)、樱黄素(Prunetin,8)。所有化合物均为首次从射干叶中分离得到,其中化合物7和8为首次从鸢尾科植物中分离。     

射干和鸢尾的挥发性成分

射干和鸢尾的挥发性成分秦民坚王强徐珞珊徐国钧（中国药科大学,南京２１００３８）田中俊弘（岐阜药科大学,日本国岐阜市５０２）ＶｏｌａｔｉｌｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔｓｏｆＢｅｌａｍｃａｎｄａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓａｎｄＩｒｉｓｔｅｃｔｏｒｕｍＱｉｎＭｉｎＪ...     

Iridals from Iris tectorum and Belamcanda chinensis

Three iridals, iridotectorals A and B, and iridobelamal. A, were isolated from rhizomes of Iris tectorum and Belamcanda chinensis, respectively, along with five known iridals. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. The human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell-adhesion activity of the eight iridals is also discussed.     

Inhibitory effects of Irigenin from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells

In the present study, we investigated antiinflammatory effects of six flavonoids isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (Iridaceae) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that irigenin concentration dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production. Furthermore, this compound inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 proteins and mRNAs without an appreciable cytotoxic effect. Treatment of the transfectant RAW 264.7 cells with irigenin reduced the level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, also effectively lowered NF-kappaB binding measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), which was associated with decreased p65 protein levels in the nucleus. On the basis of the above data, we suggest that the effect of irigenin in decreasing LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) synthesis is due to diminish the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, respectively, also may be due to under the suppression of NF-kappaB activation. Therefore, irigenin isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis could be offered as a leading compound for anti-inflammation.     

Combination of HPLC chromatogram and hypoglycemic effect identifies isoflavones as the principal active fraction of Belamcanda chinensis leaf extract in diabetes treatment

In previous study, we demonstrated the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Belamcanda chinensis leaves in rats. Here, we separated the aqueous extract of B. chinensis leaves and investigated the spectrum-effect relationships between HPLC chromatograms and hypoglycemic activities of different isolates from B. chinensis leaf extract. Sequential solvent extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform, acetic ester and n-butanol provided several isolates showing similar hypoglycemic activities, making it difficult to discriminate the active fractions. Stepwise elution through HP20 macroporous resin by water, 40% and 95% ethanol provided isolates with distinct hypoglycemic activities, representing a simple, rapid and efficient preparative separation method. Combination of HPLC chromatogram and pharmacological effect targeted a hypoglycemic activity-related region in HPLC chromatogram. Each peak in this region was analyzed by UV spectrum scan. Most of them were flavonoids in which tectoridin and swertisin were known flavonoids with anti-diabetic activities. In together, this work provides a general model of combination of HPLC chromatography and pharmacological effect to study the spectrum-effect relationships of aqueous extract from B. chinensis leaves, which can be used to find principle components of B. chinensis on pharmacological activity.     

Inhibition by tectorigenin and tectoridin of prostaglandin E2 production and cyclooxygenase-2 induction in rat peritoneal macrophages.

Tectorigenin and tectoridin, isolated from the rhizomes of Korean Belamcanda chinensis (Iridaceae) which are used as Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, suppressed prostaglandin E2 production by rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), or the endomembrane Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin. Tectorigenin inhibited prostaglandin E2 production more potently than tectoridin. Neither compound inhibited the release of radioactivity from [3H]arachidonic acid-labeled macrophages stimulated by TPA or thapsigargin. In addition, activities of isolated cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 were not inhibited by the two compounds. Western blot analysis revealed that the induction of COX-2 by TPA or thapsigargin was inhibited by the two compounds in parallel with the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production. These findings suggest that one of the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activities of the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis is the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production by tectorigenin and tectoridin due to the inhibition of the induction of COX-2 in the inflammatory cells.     

鸢尾科药用根茎类16种植物的异黄酮含量测定

鸢尾科药用根茎类１６种植物的异黄酮含量测定秦民坚王强巫弘罡徐国钧（中国药科大学,南京２１００３８）田中俊弘（岐阜药科大学,日本国岐阜市５０２）Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｓｏｆｌａｖｏｎｅｓｉｎ１６ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆｒｈｉｚｏｍａｔｏｕｓｍｅｄｉ...     

Belamcanda chinensis and the thereof purified tectorigenin have selective estrogen receptor modulator activities.

Belamcanda chinensis (BC) belongs to the family of iridaceae and the isoflavone tectorigenin has been isolated from the rhizome of this plant. Whether this isoflavone has estrogenic, possibly selective estrogen receptor modulator activities and if so, whether they are mediated via the estrogen receptor alpha or beta is unknown at present. Therefore, we performed binding studies with recombinant human ERalpha and ERbeta to show that tectorigenin binds to both receptor subtypes. In ERalpha-expressing MCF7 and ERbeta-expressing MDA-MB231 reporter gene transfected cells tectorigenin causes transactivation. When given intravenously to ovariectomized (ovx) rats, it inhibits pulsatile pituitary LH secretion. In postmenopausal women estrogen-unopposed LH pulses correlate with hot flushes. Therefore, suppression of pulsatile LH secretion may be beneficial in women suffering from hot flushes. Upon chronic application to ovx rats a BC extract containing 5% Belamcanda at a daily dose of 33 mg or 130 mg of the extract had no effect on uterine weight or on estrogen-regulated uterine gene expression while estrogenic effects in the bone, on bone mineral density of the metaphysis of the tibia could be established. Hence, tectorigenin may have antiosteoporotic effects also in postmenopausal women. Immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen--a proliferation marker--in the mammary gland did not indicate a mammotrophic effect of the tectorigenin-containing BC extract at both tested doses. In summary, tectorigenin or the B. chinensis extract containing tectorigenin had a strong hypothalamotropic and osteotropic effect but no effect in the uterus or the mammary gland. Therefore, tectorigenin may be in the future a clinically useful selective estrogen receptor modulator.     

A New Isofiavonoid from Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.

A new isoflavonoid, 5, 6, 7, 3'-terahydroxy-8, 4', 5'-trimethoxyisoflavone (1), along with 10 known isoflavonoids, namely 5, 6, 7, 4'-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyisoflavone (2), irilone (3), genistein (4), tectorigenin (5), irigenin (6), irisflorentin (7), dichotomitin (8), dimethyltectorigenin (9), iridin (10), and tectoridin (11), was isolated from the alcohol extract of the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of results of spectroscopic analysis.