聚乙二醇20k修饰与转铁蛋白偶联睫状神经营养因子的生物活性对比研究

为了延长重组睫状神经营养因子在体内的保留半衰期,基于CNTF中天然的游离半胱氨酸残基,在前期工作中采用聚乙二醇修饰和转铁蛋白偶联的两种方式对CNTF进行了改造。此后又采用常规分析手段对PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF进行对比表征。高效凝胶过滤和动态光散射分析结果显示两者拥有相近的表观分子体积。细胞试验结果显示两种耦合物的活性分别下降至未修饰CNTF的50.6%和65.8%。抗体CNTF抗体亲和力结果显示PEG20k修饰后亲合力下降至原蛋白的3.8%,转铁蛋白偶联后保留89.9%原蛋白亲合力。药代动力学结果显示PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF在SD大鼠血液中的保留半衰期分别为5.34±0.26和8.65±0.60小时,与未修饰rh CNTF相比延长了约21.4倍和34.6倍。药效学结果显示在每周两次每次1.0 mg/kg(rh CNTF等量)的给药频率和剂量下,PEG20k-CNTF比Tf-PEG5k-CNTF更显著地降低实验小鼠体重。     

PEG定点修饰重组人睫状神经营养因子及其生物活性评价

采用分子质量为40k Da的马来酰亚胺聚乙二醇(m PEG-MAL),对重组人睫状神经营养因子突变体CNTF-C17的第17位半胱氨酸巯基进行定点修饰,通过离子交换层析获得单修饰产物Mono-PEG-CNTF-C17,并对其结构及体内外活性进行评价。实验结果表明,在p H 7.5的Tris-HCl缓冲液体中,蛋白质与修饰剂的为1∶3,4℃下反应12h,修饰率可达到90%以上,修饰混合物通过一步阴离子交换层析可获得纯度98%以上的单修饰产物。荧光光谱(FL)及圆二色(CD)图谱显示Mono-PEG-CNTF-C17与原蛋白二、三级结构一致。TF-1.CN5a.1细胞增殖活性检测表明,MonoPEG-CNTF-C17的比活达到了6.51×105IU/mg,体内循环半衰期相对原蛋白显著提高了30.3倍。该研究可为开发CNTF长效产品提供基础。     

人CNTF突变体(CNTFM)基因的克隆、表达和产物纯化及活性鉴定

采用PCR的方法对睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)基因进行改造,获得CNTF突变体基因(CNTFM) ,将CNTFM基因克隆入表达载体pBV2 2 0 ,在大肠杆菌BL 2 1(Gold)中进行了表达.目的蛋白占细胞总蛋白5 5 %左右,以包涵体形式存在,经Superdex 75凝胶过滤柱一步纯化和复性,获得纯度达90 %目的蛋白.纯化的重组CNTFM蛋白能促进培养的鸡胚背根神经节长出神经突起,能明显减轻实验小鼠的体重,表明CNTFM具有良好的体内、体外生物学活性,为开发新型高效的减肥药奠定了基础.     

重组人睫状神经营养因子衍生物的构建、表达和活性分析

采用PCR定点突变技术对睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)基因进行改造,获得了CNTF衍生物(CNTF-D)基因序列分析证明其核苷酸序列符合设计要求,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,CNTF-D表达量超过40%,复性后,经Q-Sepharose HP纯化,其纯度超过95%,体内法测定发现能明显降低实验小鼠的体重。表明CNTF-D在体内具有良好的生物学活性,为下游开发奠定了基础。     

人睫状神经营养因子的原核高效表达

睫状神经营养因子(ciliary neurotrophic factor,CNTF)是神经生长因子家族之外的一种神经营养因子,由200个氨基酸组成,分子量约22.86kD,等电点6.00。CNTF对睫状副交感神经元、交感神经元、感觉神经元、视网膜神经节细胞、脊髓运动神经元、海马神经元等多种中枢及外周神经元有促存活作用。CNTF也是第一个被发现的能维持在体和离体脊髓运动神经元的存活及突起生长的神经营养因子,因此在神经创伤和神经退行性病变的诊断与治疗中有巨大的临床价值。由于CNTF在天然组织中含量甚微,故用基因工程     

定量测定重组人睫状神经营养因子活性的新方法

目的：建立一种能定量测定重组人睫状神经营养因子（ciliary neurotrophic factor,CNTF）生物学活性的新方法。方法：从鸡胚中分离出背根神经节并制成神经细胞,将重组人睫状神经营养因子加入到细胞中继续培养64h后,用酸性磷酸酶法检测活细胞内酸性磷酸酶的活性,从而定量测定重组人睫状神经营养因子的生物活性。结果：重组人睫状神经营养因子有促原代鸡胚背根神经细胞存活作用,细胞存活率与加入重组人睫状神经营养因子的量成正相关。结论：通过检测存活的原代鸡胚背根神经细胞内酸性磷酸酶的含量来定量测定重组人睫状神经营养因子生物活性的实验方法具有干扰因素少、定量准确、重复性好等优点。     

睫状神经营养因子对体外培养骨骼肌细胞的促增殖效应

目的 :探讨睫状神经营养因子 (CNTF)对骨骼肌细胞的直接营养作用 ,从而为神经肌肉系统损伤和退行性病变的治疗提供新的思路。结果 :CNTF可以促进体外培养的L6 TG肌母细胞和新生SD大鼠原代骨骼肌细胞增殖。结论 :CNTF对体外骨骼肌细胞具有营养作用。CNTF的神经和肌肉双重营养性能使其可能在神经肌肉损伤和退行性病变的治疗上发挥重要作用。     

Regeneron宣布发现能绕过血脑屏障的通道

在动物身上进行的试验似乎表明,睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)能够从神经末梢进入中枢神经系统(CNS),从而绕开恼人的血脑屏障。这是 Regeneron Pharmaceutical,Inc.(Tarrytown,NY)公布的新结果。CNTF 是使触觉神经和运动神经保持健全的关键因子,有希望用它来治疗脊髓及中枢运动     

蛇毒神经生长因子的研究

神经生长因子 ( Never growth factor,NGF)是神经营养因子家族中非常重要的一员。神经营养因子是一种内源性的可溶性蛋白家族 ,具有调节神经元的生长、存活、分化所需蛋白质的合成及影响神经元形态可塑性的功能。目前已发现的有神经生长因子 ,神经营养因子 - 3、 4、 5 ( NT- 3、 4、 5) ,脑源性神经营养因子 ( BDNF) ,睫状节神经营养因子( CNTF) ,以及胶质细胞源性神经营养因子( GDNF)。NGF是神经营养因子中第一个被发现和确认的 ,它的活性最早报道存在于两种肉瘤组织和蛇毒中 [1]。多年来 ,人们对蛇毒 NGF分离纯化、结构、生理…     

人睫状神经营养因子结构和功能的研究

睫状神经营养国子在神经系统的发育和损伤修复过程中具有重要作用。本文根据由核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸序列预测了人睫状神经营养因子和二级结构。参考结构预测结果,用片段插入法和缺失地,改造人睫状神经营养因子编码基因,在大肠菌中表达并纯化了五系人睫状神经营养因子的突变体,观察结构改造对人睫状神经营养因子神经营养活性的影响。     

Preparation and biological properties of native and recombinant ciliary neurotrophic factor

CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor), purified from rabbit sciatic nerves by a relatively simple procedure, is bioactive in tissue culture at low picomolar concentration and appears as a doublet on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In these nerves, CNTF accounts for more than one-half of the survival-promoting activity on ciliary neurons. The concentration of CNTF in rabbit sciatic nerves is estimated to be 5 nmol/kg, more than 1000 times higher than would seem to be required to support neurons if the neurotrophic factor were homogeneously distributed. With recombinant DNA technology, rat CNTF has been synthesized in Escherichia coli, purified without denaturating agents, and found to be bioactive at a slightly lower concentration than CNTF extracted from rabbit sciatic nerves. After radioiodination, CNTF retains biological activity but is not specifically internalized and retrogradely transported in motor and sensory axons. In peripheral nerves, ciliary neurotrophic factor differs biologically from nerve growth factor (NGF) by its much higher tissue concentration and apparent lack of internalization by peripheral nerve axons. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Membrane-associated neurotransmitter stimulating factor is very similar to ciliary neurotrophic factor.

Membrane-associated neurotransmitter stimulating factor (MANS) can modulate sympathetic neurotransmitter expression and promote ciliary neuron survival in cell culture. Previous studies have shown that its biological effects and biochemical properties are similar to those of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). In addition, CNTF is present in spinal cord, the source of MANS. These observations raised the possibility that MANS preparations contain CNTF. We find that partially purified MANS fractions contain a 24-kD protein that is recognized in Western blots by an antiserum generated against recombinant rat CNTF (rCNTF). This antiserum immunoprecipitates virtually all the cholinergic-inducing and the ciliary neurotrophic activities present in MANS preparations. When iodinated rCNTF is incubated with spinal cord membranes, a significant proportion of the labeled CNTF segregates with the membrane pellet. The membrane-associated exogenous CNTF can be eluted from the membrane fraction by treatment with high-salt solutions, similar to that used to solubilize MANS from spinal cord membranes. Our data suggest that a substantial portion of the cholinergic differentiation and ciliary neurotrophic activities present in MANS preparations can be attributed to CNTF or a CNTF-like molecule.     

Preparation and biological properties of native and recombinant ciliary neurotrophic factor.

CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor), purified from rabbit sciatic nerves by a relatively simple procedure, is bioactive in tissue culture at low picomolar concentration and appears as a doublet on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In these nerves, CNTF accounts for more than one-half of the survival-promoting activity on ciliary neurons. The concentration of CNTF in rabbit sciatic nerves is estimated to be 5 nmol/kg, more than 1000 times higher than would seem to be required to support neurons if the neurotrophic factor were homogeneously distributed. With recombinant DNA technology, rat CNTF has been synthesized in Escherichia coli, purified without denaturating agents, and found to be bioactive at a slightly lower concentration than CNTF extracted from rabbit sciatic nerves. After radioiodination, CNTF retains biological activity but is not specifically internalized and retrogradely transported in motor and sensory axons. In peripheral nerves, ciliary neurotrophic factor differs biologically from nerve growth factor (NGF) by its much higher tissue concentration and apparent lack of internalization by peripheral nerve axons.     

人睫状神经营养因子突变体基因克隆及高效表达

为了提高人睫状神经营养因子（ＣＮＴＦ）的生物学活性,用ＰＣＲ方法获取Ｎ端缺失１４个氨基酸的ＣＮＴＦ基因片段,经酶切鉴定、核酸测序证实突变体的核苷酸序列,将其重组至表达质粒ｐＢＶ２２０,构建了ＣＮＴＦ突变体表达载体ｐＢＶ－ＣＮＴＦΔ．用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其表达水平,鸡胚背根节无血清培养法检测表达蛋白的生物学活性．结果表明,ｐＢＶ－ＣＮＴＦΔ能表达生物学活性高于天然ＣＮＴＦ的约２６ｋＤ蛋白质,表达水平达３０％．为今后通过基因工程方法获得ＣＮＴＦ突变体,从而制备高效的ＣＮＴＦ制剂创造了条件．     

Neurotrophic agents prevent motoneuron death following sciatic nerve section in the neonatal mouse

We have examined the ability of different neurotrophic and growth factors to prevent axotomy-induced motoneuron cell death in the developing mouse spinal cord. After postnatal unilateral section of the mouse sciatic nerve, most motoneuron (MN) loss occurs in the lateral motor column of the fourth lumbar segment (L4). Significant axotomy-induced cell death occurred after surgery performed on or before postnatal day (PN) 5. In contrast, no significant cell loss was found when axotomy was performed after PN10. Axotomy on PN2 or PN5 resulted in a 44% loss of L4 motoneurons by 7 days, and a 66% loss of motoneurons by 10 days postsurgery. Implantation of gelfoam presoaked in various neurotrophic factors at the lesion site rescued axotomized motoneurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF), nedurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) rescued 20%–30% of motoneurons, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) rescued virtually all motoneurons from axotomy-induced death. By contrast, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and interleukin (IL-6) were ineffective on motoneuron survival following axotomy. NGF, BDNF, NT-3, IGF-1, and CNTF also prevented axotomy-induced atrophy of surviving motoneurons. These data show that mouse lumbar motoneurons continue to be vulnerable to axotomy up to about 1 week after birth and that a number of trophic agents, including the neurotrophins, CNTF, and IGF-1, can prevent the death of these neurons following axotomy. Our studies confirm and extend previous reports on the time course of axotomy-induced mouse motoneuron death and the survival promoting effects of neurotrophic factors. 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Neurotrophic effects of BDNF and CNTF,alone and in combination,on postnatal day 5 rat acoustic ganglion neurons

The neuronal survival promoting ability of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), individually and in combination, was evaluated in dissociated cell cultures of postnatal day 5 (P5) rat acoustic ganglia. The neuritogenic promoting effect of these same neurotrophic factors was examined in organotypic explants of P5 rat acoustic ganglia. The results showed that BDNF was maximally effective at a concentration of 10 ng/mL in promoting both survival and neuritogenesis of these postnatal auditory neurons in vitro. CNTF was maximally effective at a concentration of 0.01 ng/mL at promoting both survival and neuritogenesis in the acoustic ganglion cultures. BDNF had its strongest effect on neuronal survival while CNTF was most effective in stimulating neurite outgrowth. These two neurotrophic factors, when added together at their respective maximally effective concentrations, behave in an additive manner for promoting both survival and neuritic outgrowth by the auditory neurons. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

高比活人睫状神经营养因子突变体基因的构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

人睫状神经营养因子(hCNTF)及其突变体有望成为治疗肥胖症的新型药物。为了减少hCNTF的副反应,提高其疗效,在hCNTF四重突变体AX15 (R13K)的基础上引入S16 5D Q16 6H突变,构建了高比活的DH_AX15 (R13K)突变体。体外和体内实验表明DH_AX15 (R13K)的活性约是AX15 (R13K)的5倍。同时体内实验还发现DH_AX15(R13K)的作用比AX15 (R13K)更为持久。这种更为持久的作用可能是由于活性提高而非半衰期延长引起的。高比活的hCNTF突变体一方面可以在保证疗效的前提下减少蛋白用量,减少副反应;另一方面可以在不增加副反应的前提下增加最大耐受剂量,提高疗效,在临床应用上具有潜在的优势     

Purification of the Chick Eye Ciliary Neuronotrophic Factor

Dissociated 8-day chick embryo ciliary ganglionic neurons will not survive for even 24 h in culture without the addition of specific supplements. One such supplement is a protein termed the ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF) which is present at very high concentrations within intraocular tissues that contain the same muscle cells innervated by ciliary ganglionic neurons in vivo. We describe here the purification of chick eye CNTF by a 2 1/2-day procedure involving the processing of intraocular tissue extract sequentially through DE52 ion-exchange chromatography, membrane ultrafiltration-concentration, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient electrophoresis. An aqueous extract of the tissue from 300 eyes will yield about 10-20 micrograms of biologically active, electrophoretically pure CNTF with a specific activity of 7.5 X 10(6) trophic units/mg protein. Purified CNTF has an Mr of 20,400 daltons and an isoelectric point of about 5, as determined by analytical gel electrophoresis. In addition to supporting the survival of ciliary ganglion neurons, purified CNTF also supports the 24-h survival of cultured neurons from certain chick and rodent sensory and sympathetic ganglia. CNTF differs from mouse submaxillary nerve growth factor (NGF) in molecular weight, isoelectric point, inability to be inactivated by antibodies to NGF, ability to support the in vitro survival of the ciliary ganglion neurons, and inability to support that of 8-day chick embryo dorsal root ganglionic neurons. Thus, CNTF represents the first purified neuronotrophic factor which addresses parasympathetic cholinergic neurons.     

Differential regulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor in the rat hippocampus in response to kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity

We analyzed the changes in expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and its receptor, ligand-binding subunit a (CNTFRa), in the hippocampus following intraperitoneal administration of a convulsant dose of kainic acid (KA). Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting showed that CNTF levels rose dramatically between day 1 and day 10, and that the CNTF was located in reactive astrocytes. In contrast, upregulation of CNTFRalpha mRNA, occurred in neurons as well as astrocytes. A rapid, and short-lived (3 h-2 d) increase in CNTFRalpha was also observed in the more resistant granule cells and CA2 pyramidal neurons. The increase in astrocytes was detected by day 1 and was sustained for more than 5 d. These results show that CNTF and CNTFRalpha are differentially regulated in hippocampal neurons and reactive astrocytes following KA injection, indicating that these proteins may be involved in the regulation of astrocyte and neuronal degenerative responses.