PI3-K/AkT信号转导通路与瘢痕形成研究进展

临床上组织损伤2—3天后即可出现肉芽组织,进而由于成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞的增殖逐渐形成纤维性瘢痕。瘢痕的形成与血管再生和细胞增殖及凋亡密切相关。常见的病理性瘢痕主要是增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩,他们不仅影响患者关键伤口的活动,而且在美观上给患者带来莫大的痛苦。但是由于对瘢痕的形成原因及发病机制仍不甚清楚,至今临床上实行地以手术为主的对瘢痕的治疗方法仍未取得较满意效果。磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（P13K,phosphoinositide3．Kinase）／Akt（P13．K／Akt）通路广泛存在于人体的多个生理功能中,其在细胞因子作用下介导细胞生存已被证实,目前研究表明,P13-k／Akt信号通路在瘢痕形成中也发挥了重要作用,这可能会为瘢痕的治疗带来新的前景。本文将就近年来关于P13-k／Akt通路在中发挥的作用机制作一综述,并对未来利用此通路彻底治疗瘢痕的可能方式做一展望。     

Concerning the structure of apoE

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), first described in 1973, is a truly fascinating protein. While studies initially focused on its role in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, one apoE isoform (apoE4) is a major risk factor for development of late onset Alzheimer's disease. Yet the difference between apoE3, the common form, and apoE4 is a single amino acid of the 299 in this 34 kDa protein. Structure determination of the two domain full length apoE3 protein was only accomplished in 2011 and supports the notion that mutations in the N‐terminal domain can be propagated through the structure to the C‐terminal domain. Understanding the structural differences between apoE3 and apoE4 is critical for finding ways to modulate the deleterious effect of apoE4.     

Concerning the English problem

Jack Brand, The National Movement in Scotland; London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978, pp. 330, £9.95.

John Osmond, Creative Conflict: The Politics of Welsh Devolution; Llandysul and London: Gower Press and Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977, pp. 305, £4.95.

Anthony H. Birch, Political Integration and Disintegration in the British Isles; London George Allen and Unwin, 1977, pp. 183, £2.95.     

骨吸收与骨形成耦联中Eph/ephrin信号转导的研究进展

破骨细胞的骨吸收活动与成骨细胞的骨形成活动相互作用调节,形成一种特殊的耦联机制,影响骨骼生长、发育及正常骨组织结构的维持．最近几年提出的Eph/ephrin双向信号转导在骨吸收与骨形成耦联中的研究越来越受到关注．从Eph/ephrin分子结构、信号转导机制及生物学意义等几方面对该理论作一阐述．