红树植物内生真菌Penicillium sp.中两个甾体化合物的研究

从红树植物内生真菌Penicillium sp.的发酵液中分离纯化了两个甾体类化合物,通过各种波谱实验(1D-NMR,2D-NMR,ESI-MS)确定为:麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(1)和麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3-醇(2),1对于3α-HSD脱氢酶在250μm浓度下有较弱的活性。     

红树植物内生真菌Penicillium sp.的化学成分

应用各种层析手段,从红树植物内生真菌GT26158菌丝体的甲醇提取物中分离纯化了7个含氮化合物,结合多种波谱方法(ESI-MS,1D-NMR,2D-NMR),它们被鉴定为2′-deoxyuridine(1)、thymidine(2)、2′-deoxyad-enosine(3)、cyclo(tyrosyl-phenylalanyl,4)、serine(5),cyclo(seryl-tryptophyl,6)、alanine(7)。     

毛韧革菌中的韧革菌素类似物（英文）

从毛韧革菌(Stereum hirsutum FP-91666)的YMG发酵液中分离得到1个新的韧革菌素类似物——韧革菌素R(1)以及3个已知的类似物——韧革菌素(2-4)。利用硅胶色谱、凝胶色谱等方法,结合半制备型HPLC对该菌次生代谢产物进行研究得到这些化合物,并通过核磁共振(包括1D-NMR、2D-NMR)、高分辨质谱实验(HR-ESI-MS)、紫外光谱等波谱学方法鉴定其结构。     

毛韧革菌中的韧革菌素类似物

从毛韧革菌(Stereum hirsutum FP-91666)的YMG发酵液中分离得到1个新的韧革菌素类似物——韧革菌素R(1)以及3个已知的类似物——韧革菌素(2-4).利用硅胶色谱、凝胶色谱等方法,结合半制备型HPLC对该菌次生代谢产物进行研究得到这些化合物,并通过核磁共振(包括1D-NMR、2D-NMR)、高分辨质谱实验(HR-ESI-MS)、紫外光谱等波谱学方法鉴定其结构.     

Two New Triterpenes from the Orchid Pholidota yunnanensis Rolfe

Two novel triterpenes (1 and 2) were isolated from the orchid Pholidota yunnanensis Rolfe.Using chemical and spectral analyses (UV, IR, MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR), these two triterpenes were established as 25-methylenecyclopholidonyl p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate (1; named pholidotine A) and 25methylenecyclopholidonyl p-hydroxy-cis-cinnamate (2; named pholidotine B).     

珍贵橙色束丝放线菌中新颖香草酰氨鼠李糖糖苷化合物

从珍贵橙色束丝放线菌(Actinosynnema pretiosum)的琼脂平板发酵产物中分离得到一个新的糖苷化合物,通过理化性质和谱学分析(MS、1D-NMR、2D-NMR)确定为香草酰氨4-O-鼠李糖苷(3-甲氧基4-O-鼠李糖苷-苯甲酰胺).     

松针的化学成分研究

从采自四川夹江的马尾松叶(Pinus massonianaLams.)中分离得到二个化合物,经IR1、H NMR1、3C NMR、2D-NMR、MS等现代波谱技术鉴定为ent-8,13-epoxylabd-14-en-19-oic acid(1)和槲皮素(2)。均为首次从马尾松叶中分离得到。     

中国被毛孢液体发酵的化学成分

本文采用反相硅胶、正相硅胶和Sephadex LH-20凝胶等层析技术对中国被毛孢液体发酵的化学成分进行研究。经1D-NMR(1H NMR、13C NMR、DEPT)、2D-NMR(HSQC、HMBC、1H,1H-COSY)和ESI-MS、HR-EI-MS解析鉴定,从其菌丝体中分离到腺苷(1)、2'-脱氧腺苷(2)、2,3-二羟基丙基壬烷酸酯(3)和4-羟基-6-戊基-四氢吡喃-2-酮(4),从发酵液中分离到4-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-乙醇(5)。化合物3和5首次以天然产物形式分离得到。     

珠子草化学成分的研究

利用大孔树脂吸附和多种柱层析方法,从珠子草中分离得到5个化合物,根据理化数据和波谱学等方法鉴定为柯里拉京(1)、芦丁(2)、isobubbialine(3)、丁二酸(4)和没食子酸(5)。根据2D-NMR修正了化合物3的部分碳信号归属,归属了化合物1的碳氢谱数据。     

灰花纹鹅膏中三个鹅膏毒肽的分离和结构研究

从灰花纹鹅膏(Amanita fuliginea)中分离得到3个已知鹅膏毒肽类成分,利用波谱方法(^1H-NMR、^13C-NMR、2D-NMR和FAB-MS等)对这些结构较为复杂的环肽类成分进行了鉴定,结构分别为α-Amanitin、β-Amanitin和Amanin。     

蝉翼藤茎中的两个新酮成分(英文)

首次从蝉翼藤 (SecuridacainappendiculataHassk)茎乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分离到两个新的具有抗氧化作用的口山酮类化合物securixanthoneC (1)和securixanthoneD (2 )。这两个新化合物的结构是通过波谱方法 (1D_NMR和 2D_NMR、EI_MS、UV和IR)鉴定的。     

Ceramide does not inhibit protein kinase C β-dependent phospholipase D activity stimulated by anti-Fas monoclonal antibody in A20 cells

We have investigated the roles of ceramide in Fas signalling leading to phospholipase D (PLD) activation in A20 cells. Upon stimulation of Fas signalling by anti-Fas monoclonal antibody, sphingomyelin hydrolysis and activation of PLD were induced. Also, the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) βI and βII and the elevation of diacylglycerol (DAG) content were induced by Fas cross-linking. When phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) was inhibited by D609, the Fas-induced changes in PLD activity, DAG content, and PKC translocation were inhibited. In contrast, D609 had no effect on Fas-induced alterations in sphingolipid metabolism, suggesting that changes in ceramide content do not account for Fas-induced PLD activation. Furthermore, C6-ceramide had no effect on Fas-induced PLD activation and PKC translocation. Taken together, these data might suggest that ceramide generated by Fas cross-linking does not affect PKC β-dependent PLD activity stimulated by anti-Fas monoclonal antibody in A20 cells.     

Impulsive control strategies in biological control of pesticide

By presenting and analyzing the pest-predator model under insecticides used impulsively, two impulsive strategies in biological control are put forward. The first strategy: the pulse period is fixed, but the proportional constant E(1) changes, which represents the fraction of pests killed by applying insecticide. For this scheme, two thresholds, E(1)(**) and E(1)(*) for E(1) are obtained. If E(1)>or=E(1)(*), both the pest and predator (natural enemies) populations go to extinction. If E(1)(**)相似文献   

Optimal harvesting and optimal vaccination

Two optimization problems are considered: Harvesting from a structured population with maximal gain subject to the condition of non-extinction, and vaccinating a population with prescribed reduction of the reproduction number of the disease at minimal costs. It is shown that these problems have a similar structure and can be treated by the same mathematical approach. The optimal solutions have a 'two-window' structure: Optimal harvesting and vaccination strategies or policies are concentrated on one or two preferred age classes. The results are first shown for a linear age structure problem and for an epidemic situation at the uninfected state (minimize costs for a given reduction of the reproduction number) and then extended to populations structured by size, to harvesting at Gurtin-MacCamy equilibria and to vaccination at infected equilibria.     

Reproduction numbers for epidemics on networks using pair approximation

One way to describe the spread of an infection on a network is by using the method of pair approximation. This method is a deterministic pair-based variant of the usual methods used to describe the progress of an epidemic in randomly mixing populations. However, although the ideas of pair approximation are intuitively clear, it is not straightforward to make all assumptions used explicit. Furthermore, in literature problems arise in defining basic quantities like the basic reproduction number R(0) and the real-time epidemic growth rate parameter r. We formulate the pair approximations and the needed assumptions explicitly. We discuss problems inherent to this method. Furthermore, we define a new reproduction number, similar to R(0) and a new real-time growth rate parameter similar to r. We illustrate the methods of the paper by an example for which we can compare the approximation of the reproduction number with exact results.     

Mathematical modeling and qualitative analysis of insulin therapies

Several insulin therapies are widely in clinical use with the basic strategy that mimics insulin secretion in a normal glucose-insulin endocrine metabolic regulatory system. In this paper, we model the insulin therapies using a delay differential equation model. We study the dynamics of the model both qualitatively and quantitatively. The analytical results show the existence and uniqueness of a stable periodic solution that corresponds to ultradian insulin secretion oscillations. Numerically we simulate the insulin administration based on our model. The numerical simulation results are in agreement with findings of clinical studies.     

Sequence length bounds for resolving a deep phylogenetic divergence

In evolutionary biology, genetic sequences carry with them a trace of the underlying tree that describes their evolution from a common ancestral sequence. The question of how many sequence sites are required to recover this evolutionary relationship accurately depends on the model of sequence evolution, the substitution rate, divergence times and the method used to infer phylogenetic history. A particularly challenging problem for phylogenetic methods arises when a rapid divergence event occurred in the distant past. We analyse an idealised form of this problem in which the terminal edges of a symmetric four-taxon tree are some factor (λ) times the length of the interior edge. We determine an order λ² lower bound on the growth rate for the sequence length required to resolve the tree (independent of any particular branch length). We also show that this rate of sequence length growth can be achieved by existing methods (including the simple ‘maximum parsimony’ method), and compare these order λ² bounds with an order λ growth rate for a model that describes low-homoplasy evolution. In the final section, we provide a generic bound on the sequence length requirement for a more general class of Markov processes.     

A basic limitation on inferring phylogenies by pairwise sequence comparisons

Distance-based approaches in phylogenetics such as Neighbor-Joining are a fast and popular approach for building trees. These methods take pairs of sequences, and from them construct a value that, in expectation, is additive under a stochastic model of site substitution. Most models assume a distribution of rates across sites, often based on a gamma distribution. Provided the (shape) parameter of this distribution is known, the method can correctly reconstruct the tree. However, if the shape parameter is not known then we show that topologically different trees, with different shape parameters and associated positive branch lengths, can lead to exactly matching distributions on pairwise site patterns between all pairs of taxa. Thus, one could not distinguish between the two trees using pairs of sequences without some prior knowledge of the shape parameter. More surprisingly, this can happen for any choice of distinct shape parameters on the two trees, and thus the result is not peculiar to a particular or contrived selection of the shape parameters. On a positive note, we point out known conditions where identifiability can be restored (namely, when the branch lengths are clocklike, or if methods such as maximum likelihood are used).     

中药知母新皂甙成分的研究

为进一步研究知母（Anemarrhena asphodeloids Bge.)中的活性成分,利用硅胶柱色谱,色效液相等分离手段,从知母根茎中分离出4种新的皂甙成分,用化学和光谱方法分别确定其结构。依次定名为知母皂甙C1（Ⅰ）,知母皂甙C2（Ⅱ）,知母皂甙D1（Ⅲ）,知母皂甙D2（Ⅳ）。     

过表达磷脂酶D3影响成肌细胞中Akt磷酸化水平

磷脂酶D(PLD)催化卵磷脂(Phosphatidylc holine,PC)水解产生胆碱(Choline)和磷脂酸(Phosphatidic acid,PA),其代谢产物参与调控细胞内许多生理和生化过程。在过表达磷脂酶D3(PLD3)的成肌细胞(C2C12细胞)中,研究了PLD3对胰岛素刺激后Akt通路激活的影响。研究结果表明,PLD3过表达细胞的Akt磷酸化水平比对照组低,并且不受胰岛素浓度变化的调控。虽然PLD3过表达细胞中Akt磷酸化水平随胰岛素刺激时间的延长而有所增加,但磷酸化总水平比对照组低。磷脂酶D抑制剂丁-1醇能够抑制对照组胰岛素刺激下Akt磷酸化,却不能抑制PLD3过表达细胞的Akt磷酸化,并且PLD3过表达细胞Akt磷酸化水平比对照组高6倍。用磷脂酸(PA)做刺激时,对照组的Akt磷酸化明显增加,而PLD3过表达细胞株的Akt磷酸化没有显著变化;用PA和胰岛素同时刺激时,PLD3过表达株和对照组的Akt磷酸化均比PA单独刺激时降低。这说明PLD3的过表达抑制成肌细胞内胰岛素信号的传导。