赤芝孢子粉中一个葡聚糖的分离纯化与结构鉴定

从破壁的赤芝 (Ganodermalucidum (Fr.)Karst)孢子粉中分离纯化到一个水溶性的、以 1,4连接的D_葡萄糖为主链、在 6位接 1,6连接葡萄糖的α_D 葡聚糖。高效分子排阻色谱测定 ,重均分子量为 9.3× 10 3 ,[α]2 1D = 174.2° (c 0 .87,H2 O)。通过糖组成分析 ,甲基化反应 ,乙酰解及一维和二维核磁等光谱解析 ,确定其结构如下 :　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　α_D_Glcp_(1→ 6 )_α_D_Glcp_(1→ 6 )_α_D_Glcp　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 6　　　　　　　〔→ 4)_α_D_Glcp_(1→ 4)_α_D_Glcp_(1→ 4)_α_D_Glcp_(1→ 4)_α_D_Glcp_(1→ 4_)_α_D_Glcp_(1→〕n     

赤芝孢子粉葡聚糖LB-NB的结构与构象(英文)

从破壁赤芝孢子粉的碱提粗多糖中分离纯化得到一个新的葡聚糖 ,命名为LB NB ,Mr为 4 .7× 1 0 4 ,[α]2 1D - 2 4 .52 0(c 0 .81 ,H2 O)。通过核磁共振、全水解、甲基化反应和Smith降解确定其结构为 β D ( 1→ 3)葡聚糖 ,每 4 .4个糖残基的 6位接有单一的端基葡萄糖。根据不同NaOH浓度下旋光度 [α]D 及特性粘度 [η]的变化 ;H2 O Me2 SO体系中特性粘度 [η]和Hug gins常数k′的变化及刚果红实验 ,推测LB NB在水及低浓度NaOH溶液中 ( <0 .0 5mol/L)呈单螺旋构象 ,而在Me2 SO及高NaOH浓度溶液中 ( >0 .1mol/L)中以无规则卷曲结构存在。体外免疫活性筛选表明 ,LB NB能显著促进T细胞的分化增殖 ,但对B细胞无明显作用     

金顶侧耳酸提水溶性多糖的研究——PC-3的分离、纯化与结构确定

金顶侧耳(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)子实体的3%三氯乙酸提取液经甲醇分级,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵等进一步提纯得到水溶性多糖PC-3。经Sepharose CL-4B柱层析,醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,PC-3为均一级份。G.C.与P.C.分析表明,Gal、Man为该多糖的组份,其单糖摩尔比为2.5∶1.0。PC-3的分子量约为67000,比旋光度[α]_D~(18°)=+28°。经核磁共振谱等分析,PC-3不含β型糖苷键。部份酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、完全甲基化、G.C.及G.C.-M.S.的分析表明,PC-3是由α(1→6)糖苷键相连的半乳糖构成分子的主链,部分残基C_2上带有分支,每5个Gal残基带有1个侧链,侧链为α(1-2)Man-α(1-2)Man。     

链霉菌发酵麦草产木聚糖酶的试验研究

通过正交设计试验 ,找出利用链霉菌和麦草基质发酵生产木聚糖酶的试验条件。培养基 (g/L) :麦草粉 ,4 5 ;(NH4 ) 2 SO4 ,7.5 ;酵母膏 ,8;K2 HPO4 ·3H2 O ,1;MgSO4 ·7H2 O ,0 .5 ;NaCl,0 .3。接种量为 5 .0× 10 8个孢子 / 5 0mL培养基 ,振荡培养 (12 0r/min) 5d     

复合诱变选育高效转化DHEA为7α,15α-diOH-DHEA的菌株及其转化工艺优化

结合酮康唑抗性筛选法,采用亚硝基胍和低能氮离子注入复合诱变方法筛选得到一株高效生物转化去氢表雄酮(D H E A)为3β,7α,1 5α-三羟基雄甾-5-烯-1 7-酮(7α,1 5α-d i O H-D H E A)的菌株亚麻刺盘孢C o l l e t o t r i c h u m l i n i S T-1,该突变株在底物D H E A投料浓度为1 0 g/L时产物摩尔得率达到3 4.2%,较出发菌株提高了4 6.2%。在此基础上进行培养基组分的优化,采用P l a c k e t t-B u r m a n实验设计考察转化培养基中各组分对产物摩尔得率的影响,有效筛选出葡萄糖、酵母粉和M g S O4·7 H2O浓度对产物摩尔得率影响显著,继而采用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,并利用中心组合响应面设计实验对3个显著性因素的最佳水平进行研究,得到最适转化培养基组分为(g/L):葡萄糖2 6.3 4;酵母粉1 2.1 5;玉米浆3.0 0;F e S O4·7 H2O 0.0 1 5;M g S O4·7 H2O0.1 4;K H2P O40.9 0。采用该优化培养基,菌株C.l i n i S T-1的产物摩尔得率达到4 9.3%,较优化前提高了4 4.2%。     

蛹虫草胞外多糖的研究 Ⅰ.半乳甘露聚糖(CM-I)的纯化和结构研究

从蛹虫草菌体培养液中提取水溶性粗多糖经分离纯化,得一种含有少量蛋白的半乳甘露聚糖CM-Ⅰ,分子量2.7×10~4,[α]_D~(19)=+54.7°。糖组成摩尔比,半乳糖:甘露糖=6∶5。经高碘酸氧化,Smith降解,部分酸水解,半乳糖苷酶解,~1H-NMR分析,完全甲基化与GC及GC-MS分析,证明:多糖CM-Ⅰ具有高度分枝结构,其以β-(1→2)连接的甘露糖为主干,枝链由较大量的β-(1→6)半乳糖和较大量的β-(1→2)呋喃半乳糖构成,分别连接在主干的0—4和0—6上。     

徐长卿中一种新葡聚糖化学结构的研究

从常用中药徐长卿中获得一分子量为 1.5× 10 4 的多糖CPB 1。比旋光度 [α]D= 15 1.4°(0 .96 ,H2 O)。单糖组成分析表明仅含葡萄糖。甲基化分析、部分酸水解、乙酰解、IR及NMR数据表明CPB 1的主链由α D 1,4连接的葡萄糖残基组成 ,其侧链由 1,4和 1,6连接的葡萄糖残基构成。每五个葡萄糖残基组成的重复单元中含有一个分枝 ,位于主链葡萄糖残基的O 6位上     

金属离子对酵母胞内核黄素产量的影响

研究了金属离子对脆壁酵母 (Saccharomycesefragilis)RY 5胞内核黄素积累的影响 ,运用均匀设计方法进行了培养基优化。结果表明 :Mg2 + ,Zn2 + ,Fe2 + 对RY 5的核黄素产量有着显著影响 ,培养基中金属离子的最佳浓度为 :MgSO4·7H2 O 1 .1g/L ;CoSO4·7H2 O 2 8mg/L ;CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 1mg/L ;MnCl2 0 .0 2mg/L ;ZnSO4·7H2 O 3 4mg/L ;FeSO4·7H2 O 1 4mg/L ,RY 5的核黄素产量可达 1 40mg/kg。     

烟叶果胶质分解菌的选育

从烟叶叶面分离到产果胶酶真菌 18株 ,在此基础上 ,进行液体培养 ,测定酶活 ,得到一株酶活性较高的黄曲霉DPE - 0 0 5。对该菌株产酶培养基的碳、氮源进行正交法研究 ,正交实验的结果表明 ,影响该菌产酶活性的因素依次为A(麸皮 ) >B(乳糖 ) >C(果胶 ) >D(硫酸铵 ) ,其最佳组合为A2B3C3D1。最适产酶条件为 :麸皮 4 0 % ,果胶 0 3% ,乳糖 1 5 % ,(NH4 ) 2 SO4 0 5 % ,KH2 PO4 0 2 5 % ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 0 5 % ,NaNO30 0 2 % ,FeSO4 ·7H2 O 0 0 0 1% ,起始pH 6 0 ,在 2 8℃摇床培养 7d产酶量达到最高。以玉溪B3F烟叶为材料 ,施加DPE - 0 0 5菌株所产酶液 ,在 5 0℃贮存 12h。经化学成分检测 ,结果表明 ,果胶质降低了 18 15 %。     

PGR-08理化性质及生物活性的研究

PGR-0 8是从某种土壤放线菌 (Actinomyces)的发酵液中分离提纯得到的白色结晶 ,纸层析和熔点检测证明它是化学单体 ,mp 1 80～ 1 81℃ ,[α]2 1D+ 4 3°(H2 O)。溶解性试验表明它易溶于 H2 O(≥ 6 0℃ )、HCl、Na OH、(CH3 ) 2 CO、CH3 OH和 C2 H5OH等 ,但不溶于 Na HCO3 。Tollen、Fehling和 Ag NO3 -溴酚兰等专性试剂的颜色反应表明其组成成分中有嘌呤和糖。生物试验证明 :PGR-0 8具有细胞分裂素的活性 ,例如它能减缓蒲公英离体叶圆片 Chl.的降解 ,延长叶圆片寿命 1～ 2倍以上 ,诱导叶圆片分化出不定根或不定芽 ,甚至建成小植株。它还能促进小麦种子萌发。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.