A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae： Pyralinae） in China

A checklist of 30 species ofEndotricha Zeller in China is presented in this paper. Six species （E. dumalis sp. nov., E. lunulata sp. nov. E. medogana sp. nov., E. nigra sp. nov., E. purpurata sp. nov. and E. simipunicea sp. nov.） are new to science and three （E. admirabilis Kirpichnikova, E. fuscobasalis Ragonot and E. valentis Kirpichnikova） are recorded for the first time in China. The adult features and genital structures of the new species are illustrated and a key to the Chinese species is given.     

中国杜英属的一些分类问题

本文根据最新研究结果,对国产杜英属植物进行了清理。这里报道的是对《中国植物志》 49(1)杜英属的修订和补充。它包括：(1)纠正3个错误鉴定：Elaeocarpus rugosus Poxb．=E． apiculatus sensu Merr.;E.sikkimensis Mast.=E.fleuryi sensu H.T.Chang;E.decandrus Merr.=E.chinensis sensu H.T.Chang pro parte。 (2) 发表1个新种和1个新变种：E． limitaneioides Y.Tang;E.glabripetalus Merr．var．grandifructusy．Tang． (3)归并了4种2 变种：E．boreali-yunnanensis H．T．Chang归并为E．lacunosus Wall. ex Kurz,E.floribundioides H．T．Chang归并到E．austro-yunnanensis Hu,E.fengjieensis P.C.Tuan归并至E．duclouxii Gagnep．,E．kwangsiensis H．T．Chang归并为E.glabripetalus Merr. var．alatus(Knuth) H. T. Chang,E. glabripetalus Merr. var．teres H.T.H.T.Chang归并为E.glabripetalus var．glabripetalus,E.prunifolioides Hu var．rectinervis H.T.Chang归并至E.prunifolioidesHu。 (4)报道了一些省级分布新记录;并简单讨论了属下系统。     

西藏拉萨地区三叠系诺利阶牙形石分带及其国际对比

麦龙岗剖面位于西藏拉萨地区达孜县麦龙岗村 (N2 9°5 6′0 6″ ,E91°2 7′5 5″)。麦龙岗组中共发现牙形石 7属 :Epigondolella ,Hindeodella ,Priniodella ,Xaniognathodus,Lonchodina ,Metalonchodina和Enantiognathus属。其中Epigondolella属有 9种 ,包括 1新种和 1未定种 ,它们是E .primitia ,E .spiculata ,E .cf.spiculata ,E .tozeri,E .violinformissp .nov .,E .cf.triangularisuniformis,E .postera ,E .bidentata ,E .sp .。基于本次发现的化石材料 ,对西藏林周地区麦龙岗组进行新的牙形石带划分。自下而上划分为 :?Epigondolellaprimitia ,E .spiculata ,E .tozer i,E .postera和E .bidentata等带。与毛力等 (1987)、Orchard(1983,1991,1994 )和Krystyn(1977)的划分方案进行对比和讨论     

广东粉褶蕈属的分类研究

本文报道广东省粉褶蕈属Entoloma(Fr.)Kummer的23种,其中新种4个,国内新记录种17个。新种为肉色粉褶蕈Entoloma carneum Bi sp.nov.,拟灰白粉褶蕈Entoloma pseudo-griseoalbum Bi sp.nov.,绒毛粉褶蕈 Entoloma tomentosum Bi sp.nov.以及橙黄粉褶蕈Entoloma aurantiacum Bi sp.nov.。17个国内新纪录是:白粉褶蕈E.albidum(Murr.)Hesler,小白粉褶蕈E.albinellum(Pk.)Hesler,变灰褐粉褶蕈E.canobrunnescens Horak,卡罗琳尼粉褶蕈E.carolinianum Hesler,角柄粉褶蕈E.ceratopus Horak,黄肉色粉褶蕈E.flavocerinum Horak,脆柄粉褶蕈E.fragilipes Corner et Horak,烟色粉褶蕈E.fumeum Hesler,灰色粉褶蕈E.grayanum(Pk.)Sacc.,贺斯同美粉褶蕈E.hallstromii Horak,类洁粉褶蕈E.purddes Horak,方形粉褶蕈E.quadratum(Berk.et Curt.)Horak,圆孢粉褶蕈E.rotundisporum Horak,近白粉褶蕈E.subalbidum Murr.,亚亮粉褶蕈E.sublucidum Murr.,近方形粉褶蕈E.subquadratum Hesler及紫褐粉褶蕈E.violaceobrunneum Hesler。文中有分种检索表     

雅小叶蝉属六种昆虫的染色体研究(半翅目:叶蝉科:小叶蝉亚科:小叶蝉族)

研究了雅小叶蝉属Eurhadina 6种昆虫的染色体数目、性别决定和染色体行为.结果表明:该属6种昆虫染色体的数目变化范围为n=7-9,E.rubra、E.flavicorona和E.tripunctata具有相同的染色体数目,均为n=9,E.exclamationis的染色体数目为n＝8,E.fusca和E.rubr...     

Population Dynamics Following the Last Glacial Maximum in Two Sympatric Lizards in Northern China

Phylogeographic studies of Eremias lizards （Lacertidae） in East Asia have been limited, and the impact of major climatic events on their population dynamics remains poorly known. This study aimed to investigate population histories and refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum of two sympatric Eremias lizards （E. argus and E. brenchleyi） inhabiting northern China. We sequenced partial mitochondrial DNA from the ND4 gene for 128 individuals of E. argus from nine localities, and 46 individuals of E. brenchleyi from five localities. Forty-four ND4 haplotypes were determined from E. argus samples, and 33 from E. brenchleyi samples. Population expansion events began about 0.0044 Ma in E. argus, and 0.031 Ma in E. brenchleyi. The demographic history of E. brenchleyi indicates a long-lasting population decline since the most recent common ancestor, while that of E. argus indicates a continuous population growth. Among-population structure was significant in both species, and there were multiple refugia across their range. Intermittent gene flow occurred among expanded populations across multiple refugia during warmer phases of the glacial period, and this may explain why the effective population size has remained relatively stable in E. brenchleyi and grown in E. argus.     

鸡球虫18S rRNA基因序列的测定与分析

为了利用18S rRNA基因进行鸡球虫系统进化分析,对巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、堆形艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)3种共8个不同来源的虫株,分别提取总DNA进行18S rRNA基因的扩增和测序;将得到的序列登录GenBank进行同源性和趋异性分析,并结合GenBank中其它原虫的18S rRNA基因序列构建进化树.结果显示扩增获得8株鸡球虫18S rRNA基因长度为1746～1756 bp,序列比对显示同种不同株间的同源性大于不同种间的同源性,其中3株E.maxima株间同源性在98.7%～99.3%之间,4株E.tenella株间同源性在99.7%～99.9%之间;不同种间同源性为96.5%～98.1%,其中E.maxima与E.tenclla的遗传距离最大,为0.038;E.maxima与E.acervulina的遗传距离最小,为0.021.顶复器门9个不同属所构建的进化树结果显示,E.imeria和等孢属(Isospora)聚为一支,说明亲缘关系比较近.与GertBank中其它5株不同鸡球虫的18S rRNA基因共同构建的进化树显示,3株E.maxima聚为一支,与E.brunetti、E.mitis、E.mivati、E.praecox和E.acervulina聚为一大分支;4株E.tenella与1株E.necatrix共同形成一个分支,说明E.tenella与E.necattix的亲缘关系最近.本研究证实了在鸡球虫系统进化研究中,18S rRNA基因不仅可以区分不同种,而且有可能成为区分同种不同株的理想靶基因.     

HPV18 Utilizes Two Alternative Branch Sites for E6~*I Splicing to Produce E7 Protein

Human papillomavirus 18(HPV18) E6 and E7 oncogenes are transcribed as a single bicistronic E6 E7 pre-mRNA. The E6 ORF region in the bicistronic E6 E7 pre-mRNA contains an intron. Splicing of this intron disrupts the E6 ORF integrity and produces a spliced E6~*I RNA for efficient E7 translation. Here we report that the E6 intron has two overlapped branch point sequences(BPS) upstream of its 30 splice site, with an identical heptamer AACUA■C, for E6~*I splicing. One heptamer has a branch site adenosine(underlined) at nt 384 and the other at nt 388. E6~*I splicing efficiency correlates to the expression level of E6 and E7 proteins and depends on the selection of which branch site. In general, E6~*I splicing prefers the 30 ss-proximal branch site at nt 388 over the distal branch site at nt 384. Inactivation of the nt 388 branch site was found to activate a cryptic acceptor site at nt 636 for aberrant RNA splicing. Together, these data suggest that HPV18 modulates its production ratio of E6 and E7 proteins by alternative selection of the two mapped branch sites for the E6~*I splicing, which could be beneficial in its productive or oncogenic infection according to the host cell environment.     

10个四倍体披碱草属物种的核型（简报）

本文报道了来自北美和亚洲10个四倍体披碱草属物种Elymus(StStHH)的核型.其核型属于1A或2A型,核型公式如下:24m+4sm(2sat)(加拿大披碱草E. canadensis);20m+8sm(4sat)(E. elymoides);20m+8sm(4sat)(E. glaucus);22m+6sm(4sat)(E.lanceolatus);22m+6sm(2sat)(E. mutabilis);22m+6sm(2sat)(老芒麦.E.sibiricus);24m+4sm(E.trachycaulus);22m+4sm+2st(2sat)(E.trachycaulus ssp.subsecundus);24m+4sm(4sat)(E.virginicus);20m+8sm(4sat)(E.wawawaiensis).     

Phylogenetic relationships among six species of Epistylis inferred from 18S-ITS1 sequences

Phylogenetic relationships among six species of Epistylis (i. e. E. plicatilis, E. urceolata, E. chrysemydis, E. hentscheli, E. wenrichi, and E. galea) were investigated using sequences of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Amplified rDNA fragment sequences consisted of 215 or 217 bases of the flanking 18S and 5.8S regions, and the entire ITS-1 region (from 145 to 155 bases). There were more than 33 variable bases between E. galea and the other five species in both the 18S region and the ITS-1 region. The affiliation of them was assessed using Neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. In all the NJ, MP and ML analyses E. galea, whose macronucleic position and shape are distinctly different from those of the other five species, was probably diverged from the ancestor of Epistylis earlier than the other five species. The topology in which E. plicatilis and E. hentscheli formed a strongly supported sister clade to E. urceol     

粪肠、屎肠球菌及相近种部分持家基因的系统发育分析

【目的】利用16S rRNA、clpX和recA基因分子标记研究Enterococcus faecalis、Enterococcus faecium及相近种间的种系发育关系,并比较这些基因序列对E.faecalis、E.faecium及相近种的区分能力。【方法】以分离自传统乳制品中的9株E.faecium和1株E.durans分离株为研究对象,以clpX和recA基因片段为标记,通过PCR扩增、测序,结合已公布的近缘种相应序列构建系统发育树并与16S rRNA基因进行比较。【结果】在基于clpX和recA基因的进化树中,10株试验菌株与E.faecalis始终处于同一分支。与该物种这两个基因的平均相似性为99.6%和98.6%,与另一分支的Faecium-group(E.durans和E.faecium)的平均相似性仅为61.5%和33.5%。相近种E.durans和E.hirae间这两个基因的差异性为20.3%和39.0%;在基于16S rRNA基因的进化树中,试验菌株与Faecium-group(E.lactis、E.faecium、E.durans、E.hirae)处于同一分支。与这些成员间该基因的相似性大于99.6%,与E.faecalis基因的平均相似性可达98.4%。相近种间该基因相似性无明显差异。【结论】按照10株试验菌株clpX和recA基因的分析结果可将由传统生理生化和16S rRNA基因序列鉴定的9株E.faecium和1株E.durans归类为E.faecalis,clpX和recA基因可用于部分相近种的分类鉴定。     

靖远真叶肢介(Euestheria jingyuanensis)壳瓣的装饰特征及其生物地层学意义

Euestheria jingyuanensis(靖远真叶肢介)命名于甘肃靖远中侏罗统王家山组油页岩段,是广泛分布于我国中侏罗世E.ziliujingensis(自流井真叶肢介)群的重要分子之一,其壳瓣具有典型的小网状装饰。通过对E.jingyuanensis模式标本进行扫描电镜观察发现:其生长带上具有不规则的网状和线状装饰,与同属E.luanpingensis(滦平真叶肢介),E.ziliujingensis等具有细小网状壳饰的种易于区分。E.jingyuanensis常与E.ziliujingensis等种共生,以前认为内蒙古宁城道虎沟层含有E.jingyuanensis,但目前看道虎沟层可能只含有E.luanpingensis。E.jingyuanensis壳瓣装饰超微结构的确定对Euestheria属的分类以及中侏罗统地层对比研究工作具有一定意义。     

表达HPV16E6和E7蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒的构建

为研制HPV16的治疗性疫苗,首先将表达质粒pJSA1175与非复制型痘苗病毒NTVJTK+进行同源重组,构建了痘苗重组病毒NTVJLac.再将表达质粒pJSDME6E7R与NTVJLac进行同源重组,构建了表达HPV16 E6和E7蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒NTVJmE6E7,并对获得的重组病毒进行了鉴定.Southern杂交显示,重组痘苗病毒NTVJmE6E7基因组中有E6和E7基因插入.该重组病毒在人源细胞中不复制.Western blot显示,重组病毒在人源TK-143细胞中能表达E6和E7蛋白.非复制型重组痘苗病毒NTVJmE6E7可作为HPV16相关肿瘤及其癌前病变免疫治疗的实验性疫苗株.     

山东介甲类一新种(介甲目:蚌壳虫科)

原蚌虫属Eocyzicus Daday de Deés,1915系栖息在淡水中的甲壳动物。两性个体的头部后枕角呈圆形或圆方形。头后凹宽浅。雌虫的额角尖锐;雄虫的额角膨大,扩张,呈斧形,圆滑或截切状。尾节背缘的齿或刺简单。该属迄今共报道了21种,即1.Eocyzicus digueti(Richard),1895北美;2.E.irritans(E.Wolf),1915东非;3.E.obliguus(Sars),1905南非;4.E.klunzingeri(E.Wolf),东非;5.E.bouvier Daday,1915印度;6.E.     

淫羊藿属8个种的Giemsa C带比较研究

应用BSG方法对淫羊藿属(Epimedium)8个种的Giemsa C带进行了比较研究.结果表明,有15～22条C 带,包含着丝粒带、端带、中间带、中间随体带等类型;根据带纹数目和位置,8个种可分为三类:I类是E. sagittatum,显示的C带最少,仅有15条;Ⅱ类是原产德国的E. alpinum和E.pubigerum,显示的C带较少,均为18条;Ⅲ类是其余的5种,即:E. acuminatum、E. simplicifluom、E. wushanense、E. leptorrhizum、E davidi,这类植物显示的C带数目较多,不少于20条.     

中国水云科Ectocarpaceae新记录Ⅱ

继续报道中国水云科新记录7种。毛果水云Ectocarpus dasycarpus,束生水云E. fasciculatus,小水云E. parvus,笔头水云E. penicillatus,群居水云E. socialis,丝状费氏藻Feldmannia filifera,壳状扭线Streblonema evagatnm。     

Development of Diagnostic Microscopic and Chemical Markers of Some Euphorbia Latexes

The latexes of the three Euphorbia species, namely E. antiquorum L., E. nerifolia L., and E. tirucalli L., are highly valued in the Indian system of medicine as purgatives, in addition to their specific and distinct therapeutic activities. In order to distinguish these latexes and develop their diagnostic microscopic and chemical markers, we performed extensive chemical and microscopic studies. The three latexes differ significantly in their microscopic features by exhibiting characteristic starch grain patterns. Although amoebic structures were found to be characteristic of E. antiquorum, dumb-bell and oval structures are characteristic of E. nerifolia and E. tirucalli, respectively. In addition, these latexes showed bone-shaped structures as a common feature, but these differed considerably in their length （10-60, 30-55, and 50-70 μm in length in E. antiquorum, E. nerifolia, and E. tirucalli, respectively）. The chemical markers nerifoliene and euphol were found to be common to both E. antiquorum and E. nerifolia, whereas euphol is the only marker for E. tirucalli. A reverse-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatographic （HPTLC） method was developed to distinguish these three latexes and to generate their standard fingerprinting patterns. Most significantly, the markers nerifoliene and euphol could be resolved by RP-18 F254s precoated aluminium plates and the latexes have been quantitatively estimated with respect to these markers. The developed microscopic, chemical and HPTLC patterns can be used to distinguish the three latexes.     

液相芯片技术在HPV血清检测中的初步应用

目的:建立一种高效的HPV病毒血清学检测方法.方法:重组质粒表达HPV16/18 E6和E7蛋白,同微球偶联后作为抗原,应用Luminex系统检测宫颈癌患者血清中的相应抗体.结果:57.4%宫颈癌患者血清至少检测到HPV16 E6、E7和HPV18 E6、E7蛋白抗体中1种,36.1%的血清检测到HPV16 E6和E7蛋白抗体中1种,31.9%的血清检测到HPV18 E6和E7蛋白抗体中1种.结论:基于GST重组HPV蛋白的液相芯片技术可进一步应用于患者血清HPV抗体的检测中.     

阿勒泰黄芪提取物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B的抑制作用

本文探讨了阿勒泰黄芪不同提取物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)的抑制作用.采用分光光度法测定了提取物中的黄酮和皂苷含量;通过体外酶促动力学方法检测了不同提取物对PTP1B的影响,并确定了抑制类型;并采用氧化酶法检测了阿勒泰黄芪提取物对细胞利用葡萄糖能力的作用.结果表明,阿勒泰黄芪8种提取物(E1 ～8)中黄酮含量分别为5.09、10.46、3.58、3.23、53.91、21.77、5.76和7.49 mg/mL,其中E1、E2、E6、E7、E8皂苷含量分别为16.53、27.45、21.90、10.21和8.96 mg/mL;各提取物对PTP1B活性均表现出抑制作用,其中E1、E2、E7、E8的IC50分别为34.8、4.7、7.35和7.15 μg/mL,E1、E7和E8是竞争性抑制,E2是混合型竞争性抑制.E1、E2、E5、E7和E8较明显的提高了CHO-K1细胞对葡萄糖的利用.提示皂苷可能是阿勒泰黄芪抑制PTP1B活性的主要物质,通过PTP1B途径有效了提高细胞利用葡萄糖的能力.本研究为阿勒泰黄芪开发为防治糖尿病及改善胰岛素抵抗的药物或保健品提供实验依据.     

丙型肝炎病毒E蛋白及其受体研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)包膜糖蛋白(E蛋白)位于病毒的最外侧,在病毒感染宿主过程中起着重要作用.E蛋白包括E1和E2蛋白,在真核细胞中表达时,其相对分子质量(Mr)大小受糖基化程度的影响,而且两者以某种形式连接形成二聚体,成为HCV包膜的亚单位.HCV E蛋白可能参与了某种信号转导过程.CD81是HCV E蛋白的受体.