蚯蚓提取物对小鼠肿瘤动物模型的研究

目的 :研究蚯蚓提取物 (EFE)的免疫活性及抗肿瘤作用。方法 :采用小鼠移植性肿瘤S1 80 肉瘤及Heps肝癌的动物模型观察其肿瘤抑制作用。结果 :EFE对S1 80 肉瘤和Heps肝癌细胞的抑制率分别为 36 97%和 4 8 55% ;结论 :它对小鼠实体瘤细胞有明显的抑制作用 (P <0 0 1 )并提示对小鼠的细胞和体液免疫功能有显著增强作用。     

18种青黛7-氮杂靛玉红对6种肿瘤细胞增殖的影响

本文阐述了利用MTT法测定青黛中18种7-氮杂靛玉红衍生物对6种肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。化合物1~18(1.25~20μmol/L)处理肿瘤细胞72 h后,观测细胞生长抑制作用,分析其结构-疗效关系。结果发现具有相同结构特征即R位上的N-OH基团和R3′位上的B r(C l)基团的化合物10~15可显著抑制6种肿瘤细胞的增殖,与此相反,无此结构特征的化合物1~9的抑制作用大大降低。初步确定,R位上的N-OH基团和R3′位上的B r(C l)基团是7-氮杂靛玉红衍生物抗肿瘤作用的主要活性部位。     

仿刺参多糖抗肿瘤及对荷瘤小鼠免疫调节作用

目的 观察仿刺参多糖(AJPS)抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用.方法 采用MTT法检测AJPS对人肝癌HepG-2细胞抑制率;以Hca-F肝癌小鼠为模型,采用MTT法、放免法测定荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫指标.结果 AJPS抑制HepG-2细胞生长,抑制小鼠移植瘤生长;增强脾淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞活性,促进TNF-α和IL-2的产生.结论 AJPS具有对HepG-2细胞的直接杀伤作用;AJPS对荷瘤小鼠有免疫调节活性,在肿瘤的免疫治疗中发挥作用.     

新合成的7-氮杂异靛蓝抑制A549细胞增殖的作用及可能机制

研究新合成的N~1-(正-丁基)-7-氮杂异靛蓝(N~1-(n-butyl)-7-azaisoindigo,7-AI-b)抑制人非小型肺癌细胞A549的增殖,初步探索其抗肿瘤的机制。以不同浓度的7-AI-b作用于A549,MTT检测与相差显微镜观察相结合,分析7-AI-b对细胞增殖的影响;MDC染色和Western印迹检测自噬标志蛋白(LC3)的表达,研究药物处理后细胞是否发生了自噬。PI单染,流式检测细胞周期的变化;Fluo-3-AM荧光探针检测细胞中Ca~(2+)的含量。结果发现,7-AI-b以时间和剂量依赖性方式抑制细胞的增殖;MDC染色后,自噬小泡增多,LC3的总表达量增加,且由LC3-Ⅰ向LC3-Ⅱ的转变量升高。流式细胞检测发现细胞被阻滞在G_0/G_1期;同时,药物处理后,细胞内Ca~(2+)出现了超载。由此,新合成的7-AI-b有很好的抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,其机制与引起细胞周期阻滞、诱导细胞自噬有关,胞内Ca~(2+)超载也参与了该作用。     

银杏叶聚戊烯醇抗肿瘤的生物活性研究

目的 :从银杏叶中分离聚戊烯醇新的有效部位 ,研究聚戊烯醇抗肿瘤的药效。方法 :通过提取、分离、精制 75 %以上银杏叶聚戊烯醇 ,以氟脲嘧啶 (5 Fu)为对照 ,选择肝癌 (Heps)实体型、肉瘤 (S180 )、艾氏癌 (EC)实体型等瘤谱 ,用不同剂量的聚戊烯醇进行小鼠移植性抗肿瘤药效实验。结果 :银杏叶聚戊烯醇对Heps、S180 和EC等移植性瘤谱的最高抑瘤率分别为 4 9 2 9%、6 0 89%和 5 2 4 7% (p <0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :银杏叶聚戊烯醇具有明显的抑制肿瘤的生物活性。     

罗仙子提取物对肝癌的体内外抑制作用研究

本文观察中药罗仙子提取物在离体细胞水平以及整体动物模型中对肝癌的治疗作用。在罗仙子提取物干预人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞24 h后,采用MTT法检测细胞活率;采用光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、透射电镜观察细胞形态学改变,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;以Heps肝癌小鼠模型观察罗仙子提取物体内对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。研究发现不同浓度罗仙子提取物可抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖同时诱导典型的细胞凋亡形态学变化,与对照组相比细胞凋亡率显著升高,且具有浓度依赖性;不同浓度罗仙子提取物可显著抑制Heps肝癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长。实验证明罗仙子提取物可显著抑制Heps肝癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长,该作用可能与罗仙子提取物抑制肝癌细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

望江南总蒽醌苷抗肿瘤作用的研究

探讨望江南总蒽醌苷(CSAG)的抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制.利用MTT法检测望江南总蒽醌苷对肝癌细胞HepS、肺癌细胞(A549)、小鼠肉瘤(S180)腹水型肿瘤细胞等肿瘤细胞和人正常肝细胞L-02增殖的影响;实体瘤称重法测定CSAG对肝癌(HepS)实体瘤的抑制情况,将接种肿瘤的小鼠分成5组,每组6只小鼠,雌雄各半,给药12 d,停药后24 h处死动物,秤鼠体重,剥离出肿瘤,秤瘤重,测定生化指标.结果显示,CSAG对以上肿瘤细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,对肝癌细胞荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有明显的抑制作用;同时可增加胸腺指数和脾指数.因此,CSAG具有明显的抗肿瘤效果,其抗肿瘤作用可能与提高机体免疫力和诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

刺参酸性粘多糖对H22肝癌小鼠免疫功能的影响(英文)

目的:刺参酸性粘多糖作为一种天然生物活性物质,具有较强抗肿瘤作用。本研究观察刺参酸性粘多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响,以探讨刺参酸性粘多糖的抗肿瘤作用机制。方法:皮下接种H22小鼠肝癌细胞,建立移植瘤小鼠模型。将50只荷瘤小鼠随机分为五组(阴性对照组、氟尿嘧啶组、SJAMP低剂量组、SJAMP中剂量组、SJAMP高剂量组),腹腔注射不同剂量刺参酸性粘多糖,每日一次,连续12天。眼球摘除取血后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,计算抑瘤率和脏器指数,中性红法测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,CCK-8法测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,ELISA法测定小鼠血清TNF-α水平。结果:SJAMP能够明显抑制肿瘤生长(P0.05);与5-FU组相比,SJAMP干预组脾指数和胸腺指数明显升高(P0.05),腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能显著提高(P0.05),TNF-α的血清含量显著减少(P0.05)。结论:刺参酸性粘多糖通过促进免疫器官生长,增强机体的免疫功能,抑制小鼠H22肝癌生长。这为SJAMP的抗肿瘤作用研究提供了试验依据和理论基础。     

红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物体内抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用研究

研究了红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用,以抑瘤率、脾和胸腺指数、白细胞介素-2、干扰素-r、血管内皮细胞生长因子、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物等指标来考察红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤抑制和体内抗氧化作用。结果表明,固体发酵产物高剂量和中剂量组的抑瘤率分别为66.66%和64.70%,与阴性组比较,有显著的抗肿瘤作用（P<0.01）,HE染色切片也能观察到固体发酵产物高、中和低各组肿瘤细胞大量坏死,并且高剂量和低剂量组血清中白细胞介素-2和干扰素-r含量显著增加,血管内皮生长因子含量降低,与抑制肿瘤效果具有一定相关性;此外,红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物各组可以降低丙二醛含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物含量;综上所述,红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用。     

靛玉红治疗慢性粒细胞白血病作用原理的研究

 靛玉红是一种新型抗癌药物,治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)有较好的疗效。本文通过体内及体外实验采用靛玉红—脂质体为剂型,观察药物对CML细胞的作用。据荧光偏振度的测定结果表明,此药物分子能降低大白鼠白细胞膜流动性。还测定服药3天的患者外周白细胞中DNA聚合酶Ⅰ的活性,比治疗前降低74±1％。为靛玉红抑制CML细胞DNA合成的机理提供依据。此外,还使用载有靛玉红的脂质体进行体外实验,表明靛玉红可以直接降低细胞膜的流动性以及抑制CML细胞中DNA聚合酶Ⅰ活性。对靛玉红治疗CML的作用机理提出一些看法和讨论。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.