鲜猪血加压水解制备复合氨基酸新工艺的研究

采用正交试验方法,对鲜猪血加压水解制取复合氨基酸工艺条件进行优选。试验结果表明,采用鲜猪血加压水解制取复合氨基酸与采用猪血粉常压水解相比,简化了生产工序,缩短水解时间８～１２小时,降低能耗２倍多,减少硫酸用量２～３倍,而产品质量稳定可靠。     

猪血蛋白的酶水解及氨基酸含量

以AS1.398中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶对猪血蛋白进行水解,AS1.398中性蛋白酶对猪血蛋白的水解能力最强。采用活性炭对酶水解液进行脱色。脱色后的酶水解液中含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的39.18%。     

猪肝产过氧化氢酶后之废渣酶法生产复合氨基酸工艺研究

本文对以猪肝为原料生产过氧化氢酶过程中产生的废渣、废水进行了深入处理,采用胃蛋白酶进行酶解后提取出一种富含氨基酸和多种营养成分的物质——复合氨基酸粉,并实现了废渣废水零排放的清洁生产工艺。并对胃蛋白酶酶解废渣、废水的条件进行了优化,得到最佳酶解条件为:酶解温度35℃,pH 2,酶解时间12 h。     

猪血药用物质基础研究(Ⅱ)- 酶种类的选择

通过体外模拟体内条件,选取主要消化酶胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶对猪血脱色液进行酶解,以高效酶木瓜蛋白酶和1394酶作为对照,结合酶解后多肽总含量以及<3 kDa的多肽得率进行酶解效果的综合评价,得到胃蛋白酶为最佳酶解酶。     

酶法水解玉米蛋白质制备氨基酸的研究

<正> 本研究内容是将生产玉米淀粉的副产物黄浆先用α-淀粉酶在90—94℃下将淀粉液化后,再用β-淀粉酶及界限糊精酶在62—58℃下糖化三小时后滤出糖化醪中的粗蛋白,干燥后蛋白质的最高含量达56.36%。上述的粗蛋白掺用遣量的玉米胚穿着,用pH6.3的玉米浸渍水代替常水下料,经变性处理后接种3.042米曲霉及酵母,经42～46小时培养产酶后,在50℃下水解16天以上,水解液中     

酶法水解玉米蛋白制备氨基酸的研究

<正> 玉米中含蛋白质8%左右,其中谷氨酸含量高于大豆蛋白,并含有成人及婴儿的各种必需氨基酸与半必需氨基酸。为了高效利用工业用玉米,并为氨基酸、水解蛋白工业以及调味品工业开创出一种来源丰富价格低廉的原料,我们于1977—1980年间研制成功了“三酶法”水解玉米淀粉工业的副产物——黄浆制酒(本法的特点是:因糖化迅     

猪血凝血酶的制备

从猪血制备凝血酶,对丙酮沉淀法和离子交换树脂法进行了比较,结果表明,两种方法的得率分别为2300u/L和5600u/L,酶比活分别为15u/mg和36.5u/mg。     

猪血纤维蛋白溶酶原的纯化及性质研究

 用偶联有L-赖氨酸的Sepharose 4B亲和柱对猪血纤维蛋白溶酶原进行分离纯化,所得酶原在酸性及SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中显示单一蛋白质区带,在碱性条件下电泳及等电聚焦电泳表现出较明显的不均一性。还原及非还原SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得酶原分子量为88kD,经尿激酶激活后,进行还原SDS-凝胶电泳,出现两条新的蛋白质区带,分子量分别为63kD和26kD。酶原含中性糖1.35％,N-末端为异亮氨酸。尿激酶激活后产生的血纤维蛋白溶酶以对甲苯磺酰-L-精氨酸甲酯为底物,测得Km为4.2m mol/L,V_(max)为13.5 IU。6-氨基已酸对酶活性有双重影响。此外,还观察了胰蛋白酶对猪血纤维蛋白溶酶原的激活。     

酸水解蚕蛹制备复合氨基酸的研究

采用硫酸水解法,以蚕蛹制取复合氨基酸产品,得到氨基酸态氮分别为９．０５％和１３．４５％的食用复合氨基粉和精制复合氨基酸粉。食用复合氨基酸粉含有１８种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸含量为３９．２％。食用复合氨基酸粉的制备方法经工厂小批量生产证实,其工艺简单易行,适合于中小企业采用,该产品的质量优良,生产成本低廉,具有市场竞争力。     

Uptake of Amino Acids by Brain Microvessels Isolated from Rats after Portacaval Anastomosis

Abstract: The uptake of amino acids by microvessels isolated from brains of rats was studied. Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in blood-brain amino acid transport after portacaval shunt in rats. In order to elucidate whether such changes in the blood-brain barrier were located in the microvessels, brain microvessels were isolated from both rats with portacaval shunt and controls. Brain microvessels from rats 2 weeks after shunt operations took up significantly greater amounts of ¹⁴C-labeled neutral amino acids, but not of glutamic acid. lysine, or α-methylaminoisobutyric acid than microvessels from sham-operated controls. Measurement of uptake kinetics showed a higher V _max for phenylalanine and leucine uptake and a lower V _max for lysine uptake in microvessels from shunted rats compared with control, whereas the respective K _m's of uptake were similar in both preparations. The results suggest that changes in brain microvessel transport activity account for altered brain neutral amino acid concentrations after portacaval shunt and that such changes can be studied in vitro in isolated microvessels.     

氨基酸的毛细管电泳检测研究新进展

氨基酸是生命有机体的重要组成部分,参与人体各项生理活动和新陈代谢,在人体中发挥着特殊的作用,是人体必不可少的营养成分之一。近年来,生命科学的研究与食品、药品和保健品的开发,以及麻醉药品、精神药品对兴奋性神经递质的影响的研究,促进了对存在于各种检验材料中的氨基酸的分析方法的研究,探索高灵敏度和高选择性的氨基酸分析检测方法引起了人们极大的兴趣,所以建立快速、准确的氨基酸的检测方法越来越重要。毛细管电泳(capillary electrophoresis,CE)是继高效液相色谱之后发展起来的一种新的分离和分析方法,具有分离效率高、分析速度快、样品及试剂用量少等特点,本文参考近几年的相关文献,对氨基酸进行毛细管电泳检测使用紫外检测器、荧光检测器、电化学检测器和质谱检测器的方法作一综述。     

乌龙茶鲜叶游离氨基酸组成轮廓的模式识别研究

为探明乌龙茶品种鲜叶游离氨基酸的组成轮廓特征,以绿茶品种春季幼嫩鲜叶(一芽二或三叶)和成熟鲜叶(中小开面二至四叶)为对照,对采自乌龙茶品种春、秋两季的幼嫩和成熟鲜叶进行高效液相色谱检测分析和统计模式识别。结果表明,茶树品种、芽叶嫩度和采摘季节对供试鲜叶游离氨基酸组成轮廓均有影响。全部供试茶样可按茶树品种特性划分成乌龙茶与绿茶品种2大类群,且芽叶嫩度对乌龙茶鲜叶游离氨基酸组成轮廓的影响仅次于茶树品种特性引起的茶样组群差异。绿茶与乌龙茶品种春季幼嫩鲜叶、绿茶与乌龙茶品种春季成熟鲜叶、春季乌龙茶品种幼嫩与成熟鲜叶、秋季乌龙茶品种幼嫩与成熟鲜叶、春季和秋季乌龙茶品种幼嫩鲜叶及春季和秋季乌龙茶品种成熟鲜叶间存在客观的类群区分。不同鲜叶来源对供试茶样的游离氨基酸总量及大部分游离氨基酸组分均有显著或极显著影响。较高的甘氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸含量和较低的γ-氨基丁酸含量是乌龙茶品种有别于绿茶品种春季鲜叶的主要差异性成分;相同采摘季节的乌龙茶品种幼嫩鲜叶相较成熟鲜叶拥有更高的精氨酸含量,而不同芽叶嫩度的春季和秋季乌龙茶鲜叶存在不同的差异特征组分。因此,茶树品种遗传特性是影响茶树鲜叶游离氨基酸组成轮廓的主导...     

Uptake of Amino Acids by Brain Micro vessels Isolated from Rats with Experimental Chronic Renal Failure

The neurological disorders seen in patients with chronic renal failure and liver cirrhosis are analogous. Previous in vivo studies have shown that the impaired blood-brain amino acid transport seen in rats with chronic renal failure is similar to that of rats with portocaval anastomosis. To elucidate whether a comparable underlying pathogenic mechanism plays a role in both pathological conditions, blood and brain amino acid levels together with amino acid transport by isolated brain microvessels have been studied in rats with chronic renal failure and in sham-operated rats. Brain microvessels isolated from rats with experimental chronic renal failure showed that the uptake of labeled large neutral amino acid, i.e., leucine or phenylalanine, but not of lysine or alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid, was significantly increased with respect to sham-operated rats; conversely, the uptake of glutamic acid in rats with chronic renal failure was significantly lower compared with values in controls. Kinetic analysis indicated that this was mainly due to increased exchange transport activity (Vmax) of the L-system, rather than to changes in the affinity (Km) of the carrier system for the relative substrate. These data, together with the significant rise of brain glutamine levels and an increased brain-to-plasma ratio of the sum of large neutral amino acids, are analogous to what was previously observed in rats with portocaval anastomosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Easy Access to Enantiomerically Pure Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids

The protease from Bacillus licheniformis (alcalase) shows a remarkable broad substrate tolerance and high enantioselectivity against nonproteinogenic racemic amino acid derivatives. N‐acetyl protected amino acid esters of mono‐, di‐ or tri‐substituted phenyl alanines and even tert.‐leucine were hydrolyzed with high enantioselectivity. The obtained mixtures of (S)‐N‐acetyl amino acid and (R)‐N‐acetyl amino acid ester can easily be separated. The R‐ or S‐amino acids were obtained by acidic cleavage of the optically pure derivatives or the (R)‐ester was racemized by treatment with potassium t‐butylate.     

氨基酸酯化方法的比较及其红外光谱研究

在合成氨基酸酯锗类化合物时,制备了八种氨基酸酯,对文献提供的六种方法进行了实验比较,选出经济简便、产率高的方法。并对氨基酸及其酯的红外光谱的变化特征进行了研究。     

氨基酸对心血管功能的影响

介绍了氨基酸对心血管功能的保护作用,氨基酸不仅可减轻心肌在缺血再灌注、心力衰竭和心肌梗塞中的损伤,而且对血压、血脂和心律失常也有一定的调节作用。