基于建筑容量的城市建设用地碳汇量核算方法

城市建设中的矿物质材料开发利用活动不仅导致大量碳排放,也产生了碳吸收.以往建筑矿物质材料的碳吸收过程一直没有得到重视和科学量化.本研究采用遥感影像阴影高度反演技术,提取地块的建筑容量,识别建筑类型,以此为依据确定矿物材料用量及碳含量参数,采用热重分析法测定碳化率,基于以上步骤构建城市建筑碳汇量的核算方法,并选取沈阳市蒲河新来测试这一核算方法,同时进行不确定性分析.结果表明: 1996—2016年,沈阳市蒲河新城各类型建筑产生的碳汇总量依次为:居住建筑>公共服务建筑>其他类建筑>商业金融建筑>工业建筑;各类建筑用地的碳汇容积率依次为:商业金融建筑>居住建筑>公共服务建筑>其他类建筑>工业建筑.本研究构建的基于建筑容量提取的城市尺度的建筑碳汇量核算方法,可以快速准确地估算不同类型城市建设用地无机材料产生的碳汇量.在城市自然碳汇有限条件下,利用建筑碳汇增加城市碳汇量,能够为我国城市低碳发展提供新的思路.     

《生物资源学》教材与课程建设初探

生物资源与水资源、土地资源、矿产资源、能源资源和气候资源等都是人类赖以生存与发展的最为重要的物质基础,其中生物资源主要包括生物遗传资源、生物质资源和生物信息资源三大类型。生物资源学是现代生命科学、资源科学和工程科学等相关领域交叉和衍生出的新兴学科,已在国内外部分高校作为新专业进行开设。《生物资源学导论》是在高等教育出版社和中国生物工程学会生物资源专委会的倡议与指导下完成的国内首部生物资源系列教材,在出版后的两年多时间内,已在国内部分高等院校的课程建设中得到使用。本文简要地综述了《生物资源学导论》教材的二次开发与利用和新形态教材的建设与应用,以及《生物资源学》课程建设的基本情况,以期为我国生物资源学学科教育事业的发展尽绵薄之力。     

Urban Mining's Potential to Relieve China's Coming Resource Crisis

China's mineral resource consumption has gone through multiple increases since 1980, resulting in the inadequacy of important strategic resources and a high level of external dependence. Some developed countries have already reduced primary resources consumption through urban mining. Can China also break through the bottleneck of the resource shortage and continue its economic and social development through strengthening of urban mining? This article selected copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and iron (Fe) as case studies and established predictive models for metal demand, recycling, and stock, based on stock analysis, material flow analysis, and a life distribution model, and then analyzed the metabolism of the four resources and compared the environmental effects of three scenarios. The study indicates that the urban mining potential of Cu, Fe, Al, and Pb will attain 8.1, 711.6, 37.0, and 12.1 million tonnes, respectively, in 2040. Compared with 2010, the substitution rate (secondary metals substituting primary metals) of Cu and Fe increase by 25.4% and 59.9%, whereas external dependence decreases by 30.8% and 25.7%. However, substitution is not obvious regarding Al and Pb. The low resource scenario decreases resources use, which will reduce external dependence in the short term, whereas the strengthened recovery scenario increases resource recovery and has a larger effect in reducing external dependence in the long term. So, in line with urban mining in the future, China should change its environment and resource strategy, further strengthen layout and construction of urban mining demonstration bases, and encourage the use of recyclable resources to provide a better foundation for urban mining.     

特大型城市生态文明建设评价指标体系及应用——以武汉市为例

特大型城市是我国社会、经济、文化和人口的中心,也是我国资源环境问题最为突出的地方之一。由于特大型城市与中小城市资源环境问题存在差异,特大型城市之间生态环境问题和生态文明建设的状态也存在相似之处,建立反映特大型城市资源环境问题特征的生态文明评价指标体系,依据评价结论,指导特大型生态文明建设十分必要。以服务于特大型城市生态文明建设为目标,在对特大型城市发展状态和特大型城市资源环境问题与社会经济发展突出矛盾分析的基础上,建立了包括有生态环境健康度、资源环境消耗强度、面源污染治理效率和居民生活宜居度等4个方面,共20个指标的特大型城市生态文明评价指标体系,并以各个指标对应的国家标准、政策和规划要求,以及相关研究确立的指标发展目标为依据,对武汉市2006—2011年生态文明建设完成情况进行了评价。依据评价结果,指出武汉市要从以下方面加强生态文明建设:一要控制空气中可吸入颗粒物含量,降低大气中硫化物含量,控制污水排放规模和噪音污染,循环利用废水资源;二要实施总量和强度"双控"政策,显著降低单位GDP的能耗、废气排放量和工业固体排放量;三要提高城市生活污水和生活垃圾的治理能力,循环利用可再生的城市生活"矿产";四要提高森林覆盖率和建城区绿化率,降低人口密度,解决城市住房和交通拥挤问题。     

城市屋顶绿化资源潜力评估及绿化策略分析——以深圳市福田中心区为例

屋顶绿化是现代城市改善生态环境条件,缓解高密度建成区人为活动负面影响的重要策略选择。以深圳市福田中心区为工作区,利用高精度遥感数据结合设计资料查询和实地调查构建基础数据源;在总结国内外研究成果的基础上,筛选适宜的屋顶绿化约束影响因子,构建资源潜力评估方法;对工作区进行城市屋顶绿化资源潜力评估和绿化策略探讨。结果表明:(1)建筑年代、承重结构、屋顶属性、屋顶小气候是城市屋顶绿化4个方面的主要适建要素,其所涵盖的建筑年代、建筑结构、屋面构造、屋顶功能、屋顶坡度、设备面积、建筑高度和遮荫状况等8个影响因子是决定城市屋顶绿化资源潜力的关键性指标;(2)把城市屋顶绿化纳入城市生态结构和功能建设的整体考虑中,积极开展资源评估、规划研究和配套管理政策建设是推进我国城市屋顶绿化发展重要任务;(3)深圳市中心区现状屋顶绿化率仅9%,剩余构筑物中有51%适合进行全部或部分屋顶绿化覆盖,今后应考虑采取强制、引导和鼓励等不同政策手段,选择适宜的绿化技术方案,对于现有以及正在建设的并且条件适宜的构筑物进行屋顶绿化。     

干旱区典型绿洲城市发展与水资源潜力协调度分析

基于1995-2010年城市发展与水资源开发利用现状,构建了城市发展与水资源潜力的综合评价模型及二者的协调度模型,以探讨乌鲁木齐城市发展及水资源潜力的变化与二者的协调关系。结论如下:(1)乌鲁木齐市的城市发展综合水平基本呈逐年上升趋势,其中经济发展与人口增长是乌鲁木齐城市发展的主要形式,社会进步和空间扩张对城市综合发展的影响相对较小。(2)水资源开发利用潜力的变化波动性较强,总体呈现下降趋势,主要受水资源本底条件变化的影响,水资源利用效率和管理能力的提高则促进水资源潜力的提升。(3)城市发展与水资源系统的协调度先升后降,呈倒U字型变化,总体二者的协调发展度不高,城市发展系统和水资源系统的矛盾日渐突出。     

A bottom-up modeling of metabolism of the residential building system in China toward 2050

This study predicted the metabolic process of the residential building system in China toward 2050 by addressing the detailed provincial patterns and urban–rural disparity and the characterizing metabolisms of building materials in detail. The results show that after a rapid growth during 1980–1990, the in-use stocks of residential buildings in China are expected to slow down in around 2030, reaching 75 billion m² in 2050. Urban regions will account for 80% of total stocks, and provinces in the eastern and southern coastal areas will have the largest share. As demolition lags construction, the end-of-life residential buildings will continue to grow steadily with huge urban–rural and provincial differences, reaching 1.4 billion m² by 2050. Regarding the metabolism of building materials, the inflow of most materials will decrease after 2030, while the outflow will increase steadily toward inflow. Based on the recycling outlook of construction and demolition waste and the corresponding environmental benefit, it is indicated that under the Chinese government's ambitious planning and vigorous promotion, prior to the middle of the century, the building system has the potential to transition to a sustainable future that meets residents’ housing needs with a remarkable decreasing input of raw materials thereby notably decreasing pressures on the environment, which will significantly benefit the goal of carbon neutrality in China.     

上海生态环境建设与城市林业发展相关研究

必须站在上海社会经济整体发展的高度 ,明确生态环境建设对城市林业发展的要求。上海生态环境的现状与建设世界城市、提升城市综合竞争力、坚持可持续发展、化解生态环境压力的要求都甚不相称。上海城市林业在总量与结构上要有新的跨越 ,要形成以沿海防护林和部分自然保护林为生态前沿 ,以大型片林、廊道林带为生态腹地的基本框架。土地是上海最为稀缺的资源之一 ,应通过各种途径统筹发展城市林业所需的增量林地。     

Estimating Materials Stocked by Land‐Use Type in Historic Urban Buildings Using Spatio‐Temporal Analytical Tools

The construction industry is an important contributor to urban economic development and consumes large volumes of building material that are stocked in cities over long periods. Those stocked spaces store valuable materials that may be available for recovery in the future. Thus quantifying the urban building stock is important for managing construction materials across the building life cycle. This article develops a new approach to urban building material stock analysis (MSA) using land‐use heuristics. Our objective is to characterize buildings to understand materials stocked in place by: (1) developing, validating, and testing a new method for characterizing building stock by land‐use type and (2) quantifying building stock and determining material fractions. We conduct a spatial MSA to quantify materials within a 2.6‐square‐kilometer section of Philadelphia from 2004 to 2012. Data were collected for buildings classified by land‐use type from many sources to create maps of material stock and spatial material intensity. In the spatial MSA, the land‐use type that returned the largest footprint (by percentage) and greatest (number) of buildings were civic/institutional (42%; 147) and residential (23%; 275), respectively. The model was validated for total floor space and the absolute overall error (n = 46; 20%) in 2004 and (n = 47; 24%) in 2012. Typically, commercial and residential land‐use types returned the lowest overall error and weighted error. We present a promising alternative method for characterizing buildings in urban MSA that leverages multiple tools (geographical information systems [GIS], design codes, and building models) and test the method in historic Philadelphia.     

保护中国的植物遗产

China's rich floral diversity includes more than 33 000 vascular plant species, representing approximately 10 percent of all known plant species. Over half of these species are endemic to China. However, China's rapid economic development in the last 30 years and continuous population growth have seriously damaged plant resources in the wild and the ecological environment, resulting in a dramatic increase in the number of endangered species. There are nearly 4 000 to 5 000 higher plants that are now threatened or on the verge of extinction. To help halt the loss of Chinese plant diversity, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) has developed a China programme and opened its first office based in Guangzhou in 2008. This office works along with Chinese partners aiming to secure Chinese plant diversity through integrated conservation approaches with reintroduction/population reinforcement, engagement of local communities in conservation activities, capacity building in horticulture and environmen tal education and public outreach.     

保护中国的植物遗产(英文)

China’s rich floral diversity includes more than 33 000 vascular plant species,representing approximately 10 percent of all known plant species.Over half of these species are endemic to China.However,China’s rapid economic development in the last 30 years and continuous population growth have seriously damaged plant resources in the wild and the ecological environment,resulting in a dramatic increase in the number of endangered species.There are nearly 4 000 to 5 000 higher plants that are now threatened or on the verge of extinction.To help halt the loss of Chinese plant diversity,Botanic Gardens Conservation International(BGCI) has developed a China programme and opened its first office based in Guangzhou in 2008.This office works along with Chinese partners aiming to secure Chinese plant diversity through integrated conservation approaches with reintroduction/population reinforcement,engagement of local communities in conservation activities,capacity building in horticulture and environmental education and public outreach.     

东南诸河流域1990-2015年土地利用时空变化特征及驱动机制

土地利用/覆被变化作为影响全球环境变化的重要因素,是人类活动最直接的反映,其驱动力分析能够很好地揭示人类活动对土地资源的影响机制。运用ArcGIS空间分析和SPSS主成分分析等方法,从整个东南诸河流域片区的尺度上,研究了包含中国台湾地区在内的1990—2015年间的土地利用时空变化特征,并探究其主要驱动机制。研究结果为:(1)全流域各土地类型面积占比为:林地耕地草地城乡建设用地水域未利用土地,林地与耕地的空间分布特征均为"北聚南散,北多南少",城乡建设用地集中分布在经济较为发达的台湾海峡两岸沿海地区以及流域大陆北部靠近长江三角洲的地区。(2)全流域土地类型的面积变化量为:城乡建设用地耕地草地林地水域未利用土地。流域土地利用综合动态度为0.68%,整体用地类型转化程度先降低再增加,并以城乡建设用地和耕地为主要变化类型。流域南部各市的土地利用变化较北部剧烈,台湾地区主要土地利用变化类型为耕地和城乡建设用地。(3)大陆地区城乡建设用地变化的主要驱动力为人口数量及结构、城市化和社会经济发展,台湾地区在此基础上增加了社会工农产业结构调整因素。大陆耕地变化的主要驱动力为人口数量及结构、城市化水平和社会工农产业结构,社会工农产业结构和农业生产水平是台湾地区耕地变化的主要驱动力。本研究为东南诸河流域土地资源规划管理提供科学依据,为自然流域尺度的土地利用变化及其驱动机制研究提供可靠实例。     

Safeguarding China′s Botanical HeritageFoundation item: BGCI′S Program in China——BGCI′s integrated conservation programme in China

China′s rich floral diversity includes more than 33000 vascular plant species, representing approximately 10 percent of all known plant species. Over half of these species are endemic to China. However, China′s rapid economic development in the last 30 years and continuous population growth have seriously damaged plant resources in the wild and the ecological environment, resulting in a dramatic increase in the number of endangered species. There are nearly 4000 to 5000 higher plants that are now threatened or on the verge of extinction. To help halt the loss of Chinese plant diversity, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) has developed a China programme and opened its first office based in Guangzhou in 2008. This office works along with Chinese partners aiming to secure Chinese plant diversity through integrated conservation approaches with reintroduction/population reinforcement, engagement of local communities in conservation activities, capacity building in horticulture and environmental education and public outreach.     

城市居民行为与生态社区建设研究

简评了城市居民行为与社区生态环境的关系及其对生态社区建设的启示,归纳了相关研究的进展及存在的问题,并提出下一步研究方向。研究发现,当前城市居民行为对生态环境的胁迫及社区环境对居民行为的影响研究方法多样、内容分散,研究设计及其逻辑尚无系统完备的研究体系做支撑。此外,目前生态社区建设研究大多集中于新型生态社区的设计与开发,少有针对已有社区的生态化改造的分析,也没有充分针对不同城市社区类型及资源、能源、环境禀赋提出因地适宜的建设生态社区的建议。研究还发现,即使是针对新型生态化社区,在构建过程中也是重视生态社区的规划和生态基础设施的建设、忽视生态社区的后续管理,更是缺乏针对管理机制创新方面的探讨。另外,现有城市生态社区建设多重视单个具体指标的提升,轻视全面建设生态社区中的系统性思考,缺少具有普适性的生态社区评价指标体系及对指标间关联关系的考量与分析。现有社区物业管理信息化平台,大多包含了社区环境卫生管理,并没有从社区生态系统建设和保护的角度出发将社区物质能量代谢、碳氮循环、生态系统性管理理念纳入进来,更缺少实时、动态的面向社区居民的生态环境资产核算方面的计算、查询、规划等互动式交流。当前生态社区集成示范的可推广性与普适性有待进一步深入考察,即要保证示范具有可参考、可借鉴、可推广等实际应用价值,避免由于技术过于超前或成本太高而导致示范难有操作性。     

Evolution of a multidimensional architectural landscape under urban regeneration: A case study of Jinan,China

Urban regeneration is a key to achieving the main goals of China's urbanisation plan. How to analyse the urban landscape of the rapid development in order to meet the challenges of urban planning and build liveable cities is a concern for both government and society. This analysis is based on a case study on downtown Jinan, China, covering the period 2001–2011. It explores urban architectural changes in the horizontal and vertical landscapes after a decade of urban regeneration, focusing on two aspects: construction purpose and number of floors. The study uses the land use transfer matrix method, along with landscape indexes and spatial autocorrelation analysis, based on cadastral data. Results show that the horizontal architectural landscape changed at the city's edges, with no apparent change in the city centre. With changes in urban functions, horizontal landscapes became broken, but patch shapes did not manifest obvious changes. Residential, commercial, and industrial landscapes were the dominant types. Most converted areas became residential landscapes. Vertical landscapes tended to feature upward development. Patch shapes became more complex and broken, landscape richness increased, and building types became less densely aggregated. The dominant landscape type changed from bungalows to multi-layer and low-layer buildings. Vertical space utilisation became increasingly intensive. Urban regeneration was carried out locally. Respective areas marked by horizontal or vertical architectural renewal showed significant positive spatial correlation, implying increasing spatial centralisation. Vertical landscape patches largely changed in line with the horizontal types, but not the other way round. Ramshackle areas and shantytowns were transformed. Urban land use developed intensively, forming vertically dense landscapes. These results will serve as reference source for urban planning, regeneration, land resources management, urban architectural design and layout, optimisation of the ecological environment, and construction of liveable cities.     

Distribution patterns and industry planning of commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal plants in China

Medicinal plants are the primary material basis for disease prevention and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The conservation and sustainable utilization of these medicinal plants is critical for the development of the TCM industry. However, wild medicinal plant resources have sharply declined in recent decades. To ameliorate the shortage of medicinal plant resources, it is essential to explore the development potential of the TCM industry in different geographical regions. For this purpose, we examined the spatial distribution of commonly used medicinal plants in China, the number of Chinese medicinal material markets, and the number of TCM decoction piece enterprises. Specifically, multispecies superimposition analysis and Thiessen polygons were used to reveal the optimal range for planting bulk medicinal plants and the ideal regions for building Chinese medicinal material markets, respectively. Furthermore, we quantitatively analyzed mismatches between the spatial distribution of commonly used medicinal plant richness, Chinese medicinal material markets, and TCM decoction piece enterprises. We found that the areas suitable for growing commonly used medicinal plants in China were mainly distributed in Hengduan Mountain, Nanling Mountain, Wuling Mountain, and Daba Mountain areas. The Thiessen polygon network based on Chinese medicinal material market localities showed there are currently fewer markets in southwestern, northwestern, and northeastern China than in central and southern China. TCM decoction piece enterprises are concentrated in a few provinces, such as Hebei and Jiangxi. We found that the distribution of commonly used medicinal plants, Chinese medicinal material markets and TCM decoction piece enterprises are mismatched in Henan, Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Fujian, Chongqing, and Xizang. We recommend strengthening development of the TCM industry in Henan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Fujian, and Xizang; building more Chinese medicinal material markets in southwestern, northwestern, and northeastern China; and establishing medicinal plant nurseries in resource-rich provinces to better protect and domesticate local medicinal plants.     

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi,China

Construction materials are considerable forces of global environmental impacts, but their dynamics vis‐à‐vis urban development are poorly documented, in part because their long lifespans require elusive and sometimes nonexistent decade‐long high‐resolution data. This study analyzes the construction material flow and stock trends that shaped and were shaped by the development, decline, and renewal of the Tiexi district of Shenyang, a microcosm of China's urban transformations since the early 20th century. Chronicling building‐by‐building the material flows and stock accumulations involved in the buildup of this area, we shed light on the physical resource context of its socioeconomic history. We find that 42 million tonnes of construction materials were needed to develop the Tiexi district from 1910 to 2018, and 18 million tonnes of material outflows were generated by end‐of‐life building demolition. However, over 55% of inflows and 93% of outflows occurred since 2002 during a complete redevelopment of the district. Only small portions of end‐of‐life materials could have been reused or recycled because of temporal and typological mismatches of supply and demand and technical limitations. Our analysis reveals a dramatic decrease in median building lifetimes to as low as 6 years in the early 21st century. These findings contribute to the discussion of long‐term environmental efficiency and sustainability of societal development through construction and reflect on the challenges of urban renewal processes not only in China but also in other developing and developed countries that lost (or may lose) their traditional economic base and restructure their urban forms. This article met the requirements for a Silver/Silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges .     

Study on the evaluation system of urban low carbon communities in Guangdong province

In recent years, China has been gradually consolidating the establishment of Low Carbon Communities (LCC) to minimize the emission of CO₂ and other greenhouse gasses. Guangdong Province, as one of the low-carbon pilot provinces, has also paid great attention to the building of LCC. However, currently Guangdong province, or even China as a whole, has no official evaluation system in place which can be employed to evaluate the degree of low carbon of urban LCC. This paper aimed to establish a system for evaluating the urban LCC of Guangdong Province based on their actual situations. The system divided the evaluation into six categories, applied the SMART criteria to select suitable indices, and set the reference values for two zones, i.e., the Pearl River Delta zone (PRD) and the non-PRD zone. Monte Carlo and AHP were combined for the calculation of index weights, thus ensuring that the weight judgment matrixes could all pass the consistency check. In addition, this paper also laid down detailed evaluation regulations to improve the operability of this system and guarantee its wide application and better generalization. Finally, one typical urban community was selected to test the operability of this system, and the One-At-a-Time (OAT) method was used to analyze the sensitivity of each index and explore the degree of influence of these indices on evaluation results. The results showed that three indicators corresponding to green building percentage, new energy vehicles percentage and low carbon public transportation had the highest sensitivity. After field test evaluation, the evaluation system was found to have strong operability, and a high accessibility to indicator data. This system cannot only be used as a tool by the Provincial People's Government of Guangdong to evaluate the construction progress and degree of low carbon in LCC, but can also provide a reference point and experience for the Chinese government to draw upon in establishing the evaluation system of LCC at a national level.     

基于城市环境气候图的宁波大气环境分析与调控对策

城市化的蓬勃发展改变了城市气候和环境,产生了诸多气候环境问题,需要有效的城市气候环境信息与调控对策来应对和缓解,城市环境气候图在城市气候环境的规划与调控方面提供了重要指导。在传统城市气候图的基础上,提出了多季节、多环境要素相结合的城市环境气候图构建方法。在此基础上,以具有复杂下垫面和明显季节性气候特征的宁波市区为案例,综合运用遥感反演、GIS空间分析、中尺度数值模拟等技术手段,对城市热负荷、大气污染、通风潜力和风场及整体的城市气候环境进行多季节分析与评估。结果表明:在形成城市气候环境的主要要素方面,城市热负荷、大气污染物分布都具有显著的季节性和空间性差异,宁波市春、夏季同时受热负荷和大气污染影响,冬季仅受大气污染影响,秋季受二者影响均较小;通风潜力的空间格局各季节之间具有高度的相似性;风环境复杂多变,呈现出显著的季节性和空间性差异。对城市气候环境的整体分析发现,城市气候环境高价值区和中价值区主要分布于山林、农田和水体,高风险区位于北仑、镇海和杭州湾南岸的沿海重化工业带,中风险区分布于江北区东部、鄞州城区东西两翼、慈溪城区和奉化城区东北部等工厂厂房密集的区域。进一步在前述分析的基础上,提出了城市风道规划方案和气候环境调控对策,包括2条一级风道、5条二级风道、3条受海陆风影响的三级双向风道、12条受海陆风影响的三级单向风道、13条受山谷风影响的三级单向风道和七类城市气候环境调控对策。提出的多季节、多环境要素相结合的城市环境气候图构建方法适用于季风气候地区复杂气候环境的分析与评估研究,能够提高城市气候环境分析的综合性和准确性,并能够通过风道规划及相关调控对策的制定和实施改善城市热负荷和大气环境质量,缓解各季节的城市气候环境问题,为城市环保、气象、规划等部门提供重要的决策支持,从而促进城市可持续发展和生态城市建设。     

GIS‐based Analysis of Vienna's Material Stock in Buildings

The building stock is not only a huge consumer of resources (for its construction and operation), but also represents a significant source for the future supply of metallic and mineral resources. This article describes how material stocks in buildings and their spatial distribution can be analyzed on a city level. In particular, the building structure (buildings differentiated by construction period and utilization) of Vienna is analyzed by joining available geographical information systems (GIS) data from various municipal authorities. Specific material intensities for different building categories (differentiated by construction period and utilization) are generated based on multiple data sources on the material composition of different building types and combined with the data on the building structure. Utilizing these methods, the overall material stock in buildings in Vienna was calculated to be 380 million metric tonnes (t), which equals 210 t per capita (t/cap). The bulk of the material (>96%) is mineral, whereas organic materials (wood, plastics, bitumen, and so on) and metals (iron/steel, copper, aluminum, and so on) constitute a very small share, of which wood (4.0 t/cap) and steel (3.2 t/cap) are the major contributors. Besides the overall material stock, the spatial distribution of materials within the municipal area can be assessed. This research forms the basis for a resource cadaster, which provides information about gross volume, construction period, utilization, and material composition for each building in Vienna.