Una nueva especie de <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomiltemia</Emphasis> (Rubiaceae) de Chiapas,México

Pseudomiltemia davidsonii is described and illustrated as a new endemic species from the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico. It is a shrub or small tree characterized by having flowers axillary and solitary or in monochasia and with large yellow corollas. Pseudomiltemia davidsonii differs from P. filisepala, the only other species in this genus, by its opposite leaves with longer petioles, inflorescences with shorter peduncles 5–13 mm long, smaller bracts, longer pedicels 6–15 mm long, and narrower fruits 3.5–4.5 mm in diameter.     

Una nueva especie de <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tibouchina</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae) del Sur de México

Tibouchina sericea, a new species of Melastomataceae from isolated pine forests of southern Mexico, is described and illustrated. This species resembles the rare T. nanifolia in the short and open pubescence of the stem, and the yellow subisomorphic anthers, but differs in the bullate leaves and the bulla-based hypanthial hairs.

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Resumen  Se describe Tibouchina sericea, una nueva especie de Melastomataceae que se encuentra en localidades aisladas con bosques de Pinus del sur de México. Esta especie se asemeja a T. nanifolia, una especie rara, en la pubescencia corta y abierta del tallo y las anteras amarillas subisomórficas, pero difiere en las hojas abolladas y en los pelos del hipantio con la base globosa.

     

Una nueva especie de <Emphasis Type=Italic>Salvia</Emphasis> (Lamiaceae) de Guerrero,México

Durante la revisión de la familia Lamiaceae para el estado de Guerrero, se descubrió una especie nueva de Salvia, perteneciente al subgénero Calosphace. Se presenta la descripción y una ilustración de la nueva especie, Salvia diegoae, y se discuten los caracteres que la distinguen de las especies afines. Esta especie presenta flores totalmente blancas, color poco común dentro del subgénero y se considera afín a Salvia leninae, de la sección Nivalis.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia madrigalii</Emphasis> (Lamiaceae), una especie nueva de Michoacán,México

Salvia madrigalii is described and illustrated as a new species to science. It is known for the municipality of Morelia, in the north central region of Michoacán, Mexico. It is one of the few Mexican species with 2 flowers per verticillaster and white corollas. We included line drawings, photographs of the plant and a distribution map. In addition, its relationships with the related species are discussed.     

Una nueva especie de Hypenia (Lamiaceae) de México

Hypenia violacea (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guerrero, Mexico, is described and illustrated. This species is characterized by glabrescent, coriaceous leaves, lax thyrsoid inflorescences with pedunculate and umbelliform cymules that have 3–6 violet flowers with corollas 0.8–1.6 cm long. The species is referred to the Southern American genus Hypenia.

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Resumen  Se describe e ilustra Hypenia violacea (Lamiaceae), una especie nueva de Guerrero, México. Presenta hojas coriáceas, glabrescentes, inflorescencia tirsoide, laxa, con címulas umbeliformes, pedunculadas, con 3–6 flores por címula, flores de color violeta, de 0.8–1.6 cm largo. Las características observadas corresponden, en su mayoría, a Hypenia, un género de distribución sudamericana, por lo que se incluye en el mismo.

     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Holographis lizethae</Emphasis> (Acanthaceae), una especie nueva de Guerrero,México

Se describe e ilustra Holographis lizethae (Acanthaceae), una especie nueva de Guerrero, México. Esta especie guarda similitud con Holographis pallida, sin embargo difiere de ella por presentar margen de la hoja revoluto, brácteas deltadas, cimbiformes, la corola más grande y con posición vertical en antesis, los estambres y estilo más largos, así como distribución y periodo de floración diferentes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sloanea cuautitlanensis</Emphasis> (Elaeocarpaceae), una especie nueva de árbol para México

Sloanea cuautitlanensis is described and illustrated. We give information about its ecology and distribution and discuss its relationships with the species with most affinity: S. cruenta, S. jamaicensis, S. terniflora and S. uniflora. A key is provided to separate it from its most related species.     

Una nueva especie de <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miconia</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae) de la Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero y Oaxaca,México

Miconia rzedowskii, which is characterized by its sharply tetragonal distal branches and its mainly sessile trichotomous inflorescences with many flowers, is described from the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico. The new species is illustrated and compared with M. glaberrima, another Mexican species of section Cremanium.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Clethra hirsutovillosa</Emphasis> (Clethraceae), una especie nueva de la Depresión del Balsas en el estado de Guerrero,México

Clethra hisutovillosa, a new and endemic species to the Balsas depression in the Guerrero state, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It appears similar to C. costaricensis, C. galeottiana y C. lanata, nevertheless the new entity differs from these in its leaf morphology, and the type of indument and inflorescence.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tibouchina xochiatencana</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae), una nueva especie de la Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero,México

Tibouchina xochiatencana, a new species of Melastomataceae collected near Xochiatenco, municipality of Malinaltepec, in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, is described and illustrated. This species is part of an informal group of Mexican species with large, strongly dimorphic stamens. Its distant relatives are Tibouchina araneicalyx and T. durangensis, both of which have bractlets and calyx lobes that are adaxially glabrous, and short, appressed hypanthial trichomes.     

Dos especies nuevas de <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quararibea</Emphasis> (Malvaceae) del sur de México

Two new species in the genus Quararibea from southern Mexico are described and illustrated, and information on their distribution and habitat is provided. Quararibea lopezperaltae is distinguished by its glabrate branchlets, its obloid, shallowly bilobed fruit, with a conspicuously depressed apex lacking a mammilla, and by the presence of a calyx that is not accrescent in fruit. Quararibea mayarum is distinguished by its densely villous-tomentose branches, petioles, and leaves, and by the presence of an ellipsoid, mammillate fruit that has a depressed apex when dry, and a calyx that is not accrescent in fruit. The relationships of these species are discussed further and a key to separate the Mexican species of Quararibea is presented.     

<Emphasis Type=Italic>Echeveria perezcalixii</Emphasis> (Crassulaceae), una especie nueva del occidente de México

Based on collections from the southern part of the Sierra Madre Occidental, in the states of Jalisco, Nayarit, and Zacatecas, Echeveria perezcalixii is described as a new species. It is compared with E. fulgens, from which it differs by its acaulescent habit, pruinose leaves with hyaline margins, and longer pedicels and sepals.     

Brood cell size of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="Italic">mellifera</Emphasis> modifies the reproductive behavior of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Varroa</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="Italic">destructor</Emphasis>

We undertook a field study to determine whether comb cell size affects the reproductive behavior of Varroa destructor under natural conditions. We examined the effect of brood cell width on the reproductive behavior of V. destructor in honey bee colonies, under natural conditions. Drone and worker brood combs were sampled from 11 colonies of Apis mellifera. A Pearson correlation test and a Tukey test were used to determine whether mite reproduction rate varied with brood cell width. Generalized additive model analysis showed that infestation rate increased positively and linearly with the width of worker and drone cells. The reproduction rate for viable mother mites was 0.96 viable female descendants per original invading female. No significant correlation was observed between brood cell width and number of offspring of V. destructor. Infertile mother mites were more frequent in narrower brood cells.     

Functional expression of the lipase gene Lip2 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="Italic">sapidus</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="Italic">coli</Emphasis>

The lipase Lip2 of the edible basidiomycete, Pleurotus sapidus, is an extracellular enzyme capable of hydrolysing xanthophyll esters with high efficiency. The gene encoding Lip2 was expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 using the gene III signal sequence to accumulate proteins in the periplasmatic space. The heterologous expression under control of the araBAD promoter led to the high level production of recombinant protein, mainly as inclusion bodies, but partially in a soluble and active form. A fusion with a C-terminal His tag was used for purification and immunochemical detection of the target protein. This is the first example of a heterologous expression and periplasmatic accumulation of a catalytically active lipase from a basidiomycete fungus.     

Regeneration of transformed verbena (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Verbena </Emphasis>× <Emphasis Type="Italic">hybrida</Emphasis>) by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</Emphasis>

Verbena (Verbena x hybrida), an important floricultural species, was successfully regenerated from stem segments on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron and indole-3-acetic acid. A transformation system was developed using cvs. Temari Scarlet, Temari Sakura, Tapien Rose and TP-P2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain Agl0 harboring the sGFP gene was infected into stem segments. Transformation efficiency was improved by evaluating and manipulating the age of the plant material, the concentration of kanamycin in the medium during selection, and the length of the culture period in the dark. After 2-3 months of culture on the selection medium, GFP-positive shoots were obtained in all four of the cultivars tested. These shoots were successfully acclimated and set flowers within 2-3 months in a greenhouse. GFP was expressed in all of the organs including the floral parts. Stable genomic transformation was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. No morphological differences were observed between the transformed plants and their host plants.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnolia mindoensis</Emphasis> (subsect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Talauma</Emphasis>, Magnoliaceae): Una especie nueva del Chocó biogeográfico premontano en Colombia y Ecuador

Magnolia mindoensis a new species from premontane forest remnants of the biogeographical Chocó of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador is described and illustrated. This species differs from M. gilbertoi, endemic to Colombia, in having, larger leaf blades with less numerous lateral veins per side, smaller proportion of the length of the stipular scar with respect to the length of the petiole, less numerous bracts, larger flowers, petals abruptly narrowed towards the base vs. gradually narrowed toward the base, and more numerous stamens.     

Rapid induction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="Italic">tumefaciens</Emphasis>-mediated transgenic roots directly from adventitious roots in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="Italic">ginseng</Emphasis>

Root segments from seedlings of Panax ginseng produced adventitious roots directly when cultured on 1/2 MS solid medium lacking NH₄NO₃ and containing 3.0 mg l⁻¹ IBA. Using this adventitious root formation, we developed rapid and efficient transgenic root formation directly from adventitious root segments in P. ginseng. Root segments were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) caring β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Putative transgenic adventitious roots were formed directly from root segments on medium with 400 mg l⁻¹ cefotaxime and 50 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin. Kanamycin resistant adventitious roots were selected and proliferated as individual lines by subculturing on medium with 300 mg l⁻¹ cefotaxime and 50 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin at two weeks subculture interval. Frequency of transient and stable expression of GUS gene was enhanced by acetosyringon (50 mg l⁻¹) treatment. Integration of transgene into the plants was confirmed by the X-gluc reaction, PCR and Southern analysis. Production of transgenic plants was achieved via somatic embryogenesis from the embryogenic callus derived from independent lines of adventitious roots. The protocol for rapid induction of transgenic adventitious roots directly from adventitious roots can be applied for a new Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation protocol in P. ginseng.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Marcetia candolleana</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melastomeae</Emphasis> – <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melastomataceae</Emphasis>), a new species from Bahia (Brazil)

Summary   Marcetia candolleana A. K. A. Santos & A. B. Martins, is apparently restricted to Mucugê, Bahia (Brazil), where it occurs in areas of campo rupestre vegetation. This new species is closely related to the sympatric M. mucugensis Wurdack, but can be easily recognised by its semi-prostate to procumbent habit, reddish glandular-hirsute indument, loose and flexuous branches, leaves with inconspicuous reticulation on the abaxial surface, connectives very shortly prolonged below the thecae, style curved towards the apex, not exceeding the anthers, and pendulous fruit.

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Resumo   Marcetia candolleana A. K. A. Santos & A. B. Martins, é aparentemente restrita a Mucugê, Bahia (Brasil), onde ocorre em áreas de campo rupestre. Esta nova espécie é proximamente relacionada à M. mucugensis Wurdack, mas pode ser facilmente reconhecida por seu hábito semi-prostado a procumbente, indumento glandular-hirsuto, vináceo, ramos flexuosos, folhas inconspicuamente reticuladas na face abaxial, conectivos muito curtamente prolongados abaixo das tecas, estilete curvo no ápice, n?o ultrapassando o comprimento das anteras, e fruto pêndulo.

     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepidagathis danielii</Emphasis> (Acanthaceae), una especie nueva de la Cuenca del Río Balsas en el Estado de Guerrero,México

A new species from the Balsas river basin in Guerrero state, Mexico, is described and illustrated: Lepidagathis danielii (Acanthaceae). This new species is distinguished from all the known species of the genus because it has leaves and bracts with an apical spine, inflorescences with decussate flowers, a calyx with connate lobes of equal length, a red corolla that is 3 cm long and conspicuously bilabiate with a constriction near the base where the stamens are also inserted. In addition, the style is covered with scattered trichomes and the pollen is tricolporate without pseudocolpi.