大仓鼠种群遗传多样性的季节性变化

通过随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）方法,我们对河北省固安县牛驼镇王龙村附近的大仓鼠（Cricetuls triton)种群的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果显示,在209个大仓鼠个体中（春季60只,夏季45只,秋季59只,冬季45只）,共扩增出87条带,其中86．2%原条带具有多态性,4个季节种群的遗传组成存在季节变化,其多态位点数,多态位点比率,Shannon多样性指数及Nei指数的大小顺序均一致表现为：秋季种群＜冬季种群＜夏季种群＜春季种群;秋季种群的遗传多态性最低,春季最强;遗传多态性与种群密度（夹捕率,％）,之间呈极显著的负相关关系。此结果表明遗传因素与大仓鼠种群动态有密切关系,但季节间遗传多态的变化不支持Ford假说,我们认为增殖和扩散共同决定了季节间遗传多样变化的规律。     

CYCLICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AS A FACTOR MAINTAINING GENETIC POLYMORPHISM. 2. DIPLOID SELECTION FOR AN ADDITIVE TRAIT

The subject of this paper is polymorphism maintenance due to stabilizing selection with a moving optimum. It was shown that in case of two-locus additive control of the selected trait, global polymorphism is possible only when the geometric mean fitnesses of double homozygotes averaged over the period are lower than that of the single heterozygotes and of the double heterozygote (with a multiplier [1 – r]^p, which depends on recombination rate r and period length p). But local stability of polymorphism cannot be excluded even if geometric mean fitnesses of all double homozygotes are higher than that of all heterozygotes. We proved, that for logarithmically convex fitness functions, cyclical changes of the optimum cannot help in polymorphism maintenance in case of additive control of the selected trait by two equal loci. However, within the same class of fitness functions, nonequal gene action and/or dominance effect for one or both loci may lead to local polymorphism stability with large enough polymorphism attracting domain. The higher the intensity of selection and closer the linkage between selected loci the larger is this domain. Note that even simple cyclical selection could result in two forms of polymorphic limiting behavior: (a) usually expected forced cycle with a period equal to that of environmental changes; and (b) “supercycles,” nondumping auto-oscillations with a period comprising of hundreds of forced oscillation periods.     

OZONE-INDUCED MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY CHANGES

The effect of 0.5 ppm ozone for 0.5-1 hr on plant cell membrane permeability was ascertained. Permeabilities to both water and solutes were estimated by measuring leaf disc weight changes and following tritiated water and ⁸⁶Rb fluxes. Measurements were made immediately after ozone exposure and 24 hr after exposure. The reflection coefficient, σ, an index of solute permeability, decreased in ozone-treated primary leaves of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The latter indicates an increase in membrane solute permeability or internal solute leakage. Water and THO flux estimates both indicated a decrease in membrane permeability to water; both the hydraulic conductivity (L_p) and the water diffusional coefficient (L_D) apparently decreased, an anomaly which is discussed. These data indicate that ozone has a direct effect on membrane function by altering permeability characteristics. We assume from these data that cell membranes are primary target sites for ozone injury.     

荔枝果实发育过程中果皮色素的变化

以妃子笑、糯米糍荔枝为材料,研究了二者果实发育过程中色素形成规律。结果表明：妃子笑、糯米糍果实发育生长曲线均呈单“Ｓ”型;妃子笑果实发育第Ｉ期比糯米糍短７－１０ｄ;二者果实花青苷在发育期第Ｉ、ＩＩ期均有一个合成高峰;妃子笑的花青苷总体水平明显低于糯米糍;妃子笑、糯米糍花青苷合成与叶绿素含量虽不呈显著的相关性,但在果实发育后期花色苷合成迅速上升时,伴随着叶绿素含量的急剧下降;妃子笑、糯米糍的花色苷合成与苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）活性变化不存在显著相关性。