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1.
近年来,我国广东沿海连续出现大面积球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosaScherffel)赤潮,产生溶血毒素等有害物质,给当地的海洋养殖业造成重大的经济损失。研究不同的生长时期及半连续培养时不同营养盐胁迫下,球形棕囊藻溶血毒素的产生行为。结果显示,批量培养的球形棕囊藻处于生长平稳期末时,溶血活性最大((21±1)units/L);半连续培养时,营养盐限制对球形棕囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,其中Fe3 及N盐限制影响最为明显。同时,营养盐限制也可促进棕囊藻溶血毒素的合成,其中Fe3 和-Mn2 的限制性时球形棕囊藻溶血活性显著增强。这些结果表明,球形棕囊藻溶血毒素的产生与藻细胞的生长可能受不同机制的调节,溶血毒素的合成可能是环境胁迫下棕囊藻维持生存的一种策略。  相似文献   

2.
Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel, an organism that causes harmful algal blooms, is a genus of the family Prymnesiophyta (or Haptophyta) with eurythermal and euryhaline characteristics. P. globosa has been confirmed to produce hemolytic substances, which are a mixture of liposaccharides. In the present study, the hemolytic properties of extract ofP. globosa are analyzed further. The effects of temperature, pH,different divalent cations, and membrane lipids on extract-induced hemolysis are discussed, as is the possible hemolytic mechanism. The results of the present study showed that the hemolytic activity of the extract was approximately 127.1 hemolytic units (HU)/L. The hemolytic reaction became fastest and a 50% decrease in absorbance was induced at 30 min at 37 ℃, and at pH 7.0; Hg2 was the strongest inhibitor of the hemolysis compared with the other divalent cations and many membrane lipids, except for phosphatidic acid, inhibited the hemolytic activity to different degrees. These results suggest that the toxin may make pores in the surface of red blood cells and that Hg2 either combines with the hemolysin or closes the pores,hence inhibiting its further hemolytic reaction. The toxin probably has no specific membrane receptor in the red blood cell membrane.  相似文献   

3.
研究从实验室培养的球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)提取溶血毒素的条件,探讨不同生长期球形棕囊藻溶血毒素的生成特征,用薄层色谱法对溶血成份进行了初步分析。结果表明,球形棕囊藻细胞壁的超声波破碎最适条件为:功率600W,4℃下处理30min。对数生长期、平稳期和衰亡期藻细胞适宜处理量分别为每次3000、2000、1000ml;在球形棕囊藻生长的平稳期和衰亡期具有明显的溶血活性,对数生长期溶血活性很低,甚至检测不到。球形棕囊藻溶血毒素至少含有4种糖脂类化合物。  相似文献   

4.
    
Despite continuous efforts since the 1950s and more recent advances in culturing flagellates and nonflagellate cells of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis, a number of different life‐cycle models exist today that appear to apply for P. globosa Scherff. and P. antarctica G. Karst., both spherical colony formers. In one such model, this life cycle consists of three different flagellates and one nonmotile cell stage that is embedded in carbohydrate matrix‐forming colonies of different sizes and forms. Recently, noncolonial aggregates of diploid nonmotile cells attached to surfaces of diatoms were put forward as a new stage in the sexual life cycle of P. antarctica. However, it can be discussed that these “attached aggregates” (AAs) are an intermediate between motile diploid flagellates, with their well‐known tendency to adhere to surfaces, and the young spherical colony with its diploid nonmotile cells, which in nature is commonly found attached to diatoms. A life‐cycle model pertaining to both P. globosa and P. antarctica is presented.  相似文献   

5.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel, an organism that causes harmful algal blooms, is a genus of the family Prymnesiophyta (or Haptophyta) with eurythermal and euryhaline characteristics. P. globosa has been confirmed to produce hemolytic substances, which are a mixture of liposaccharides. In the present study, the hemolytic properties of extract of P. globosa are analyzed further. The effects of temperature, pH,different divalent cations, and membrane lipids on extract-induced hemolysis are discussed, as is the possible hemolytic mechanism. The results of the present study showed that the hemolytic activity of the extract was approximately 127.1 hemolytic units (HU)/L. The hemolytic reaction became fastest and a 50% decrease in absorbance was induced at 30 min at 37℃, and at pH 7.0; Hg^2 was the strongest inhibitor of the hemolysis compared with the other divalent cations and many membrane lipids, except for phosphatidic acid, inhibited the hemolytic activity to different degrees. These results suggest that the toxin may make pores in the surface of red blood cells and that Hg^2 either combines with the hemolysin or closes the pores,hence inhibiting its further hemolytic reaction. The toxin probably has no specific membrane receptor in the red blood cell membrane.  相似文献   

6.
球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel)主要以囊体形态形成赤潮,由单细胞向囊体形态的转变是赤潮爆发的关键。本研究推测囊体形成的前提是游离单细胞达到一定密度阈值,当密度低于该阈值时,囊体无法形成。基于此,本文探究了不同条件(温度、营养充气搅动、摄食压力、初始密度)下囊体形成时游离单细胞的密度。结果显示:不同培养条件下,囊体形成所需的游离单细胞密度不一致,但都达到了104cells/mL的数量级;稀释试验表明,利用f/2培养基稀释使游离单细胞的密度小于104cells/mL时,囊体不能形成,而密度大于104cells/mL的游离单细胞对照组,在24 h内便有囊体形成。总的来说,游离单细胞在高密度情况下更容易形成囊体。  相似文献   

7.
充气和搅动对球形棕囊藻生长及囊体形成的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
王艳  王小冬  李韶山 《生态学报》2010,30(12):3368-3374
球形棕囊藻生活史中包含游离单细胞和球形囊体两种生活形态,但是实验室中培养的球形棕囊藻经常无法形成囊体。研究通过向培养基中泵入过滤空气,以及给培养基提供不同程度的搅动,研究了充气和搅动对球形棕囊藻生长及囊体形成的影响。充气和搅动均显著提高了囊体的数量,并且提高了囊体内细胞的生长速率。但是充气对于囊体直径及囊体内细胞密度并无显著影响。搅动则明显的提高了囊体直径和囊体内细胞数量。然而,尽管充气以及搅动有利于球形棕囊藻囊体的形成,但是培养的囊体直径依然小于自然海区中囊体的大小。  相似文献   

8.
Chlorarachniophytes are amoeboid/flagellate eukaryotes that harbor reduced green algal endosymbionts. The carbohydrate stores of chlorarachniophyte algae have been investigated using methylation analysis to determine monosaccharide composition. An appreciable quantity of long chain β-1,3 glucan occurs in these algae. Immunogold electron microscopy using an antibody specific for (β-1,3 glucans localized (β-1,3 glucans within a vacuole in the host cell cytoplasm. The results suggest that photosynthate produced by the endosymbiont is stored by the host. Implications of the data for endosymbiosis are discussed.  相似文献   

9.
球形棕囊藻的生长特性及生活史研究   总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25       下载免费PDF全文
对球形棕囊藻不同的藻株(香港株HK和汕头株ST)在实验室条件下分别进行了形态学,生活史及生长曲线的研究,结果表明:球形棕囊藻具有一个复杂的异型生活史,具有两种不同的生活形态:群体和游离的单细胞,香港株和汕头株二者单细胞呈球形或近球形,直径大多为3-9μm;群体呈中空的球形囊泡,细胞包埋在胶质囊中较均匀分布,但二者群体大小有较大差异。当培养达到一定阶段,群体衰亡破裂释放大量单细胞。批次培养中球形棕囊藻的生长周期约为20-30d,香港株最适生长温度接近25℃,最大比生长率为038;汕头株的最适生长温度接近30℃,最大比生长率为042,这说明温度是重要的生长限制因子之一。  相似文献   

10.
二氧化氯对球形棕囊藻的抑制和杀灭作用   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
以海洋赤潮生物-球形棕囊藻汕头株(Phaeocystis globosa,ST strain)为材料,研究了ClO2对不同起始藻密度的棕囊藻的抑制和杀灭作用.结果表明,ClO2对球形棕囊藻有明显的抑制和杀灭作用.藻密度为2.35×10^9cells·L-1时,高于0.74×10-2mmol·L-1的ClO2对棕囊藻生长有一定的抑制作用。高于2.96×10-2mmol·L-1的ClO2对棕囊藻具有显著的杀灭作用.藻密度与ClO2浓度之间存在一定的剂量关系.藻密度为2.35×10^9、1.18×10^9、4.70×10^8、1.18×10^8 cells·L-1时。其96h的有效杀藻浓度分别为2.96×10^-2、2.22×10^-2、1.48×10^-2和0.59×10^-2mmol·L^-1.藻密度越高。杀灭单位藻细胞所需ClO2的浓度越低.ClO2作为杀藻剂在赤潮治理中具有很好的应用前景.  相似文献   

11.
二氧化氯对球形棕囊藻叶绿素a、蛋白质、DNA含量的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分析了二氧化氯(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5mgL-1,作用96h;2.5、6.0、8.0、16.0mgL-1,作用60min)对球形棕囊藻叶绿素a、蛋白质含量、氨基酸组成、核酸含量的影响,用透视电镜对二氧化氯(0.5mgL-1,0.8mgL-1)作用24h后藻细胞形态的变化进行了观察,以探讨二氧化氯去除赤潮藻的机理。结果表明,二氧化氯对球形棕囊藻叶绿素a、蛋白质、DNA的含量均有影响。实验各组(1.0-2.5mgL-1,2.5-16.0mgL-1)球形棕囊藻的叶绿素a、蛋白质、DNA的含量均显著低于对照。二氧化氯浓度超过2mgL-1时,球形棕囊藻的叶绿素a、蛋白质、DNA的含量持续降低,氨基酸相对含量发生明显变化;半胱氨酸、酪氨酸和赖氨酸等的相对含量明显降低,而组氨酸、缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸则明显增加。当二氧化氯(2.5-16.0mgL-1)作用3min后,DNA漏出率在13%-18%之间;电镜观察发现,二氧化氯可使细胞膜破损,引起内容物外泄。这些结果显示,二氧化氯能以单分子形式进入细胞,引起叶绿素、蛋白质结构的变化,并破坏藻细胞膜系统,最终导致藻细胞死亡。  相似文献   

12.
Target regions specific for the class Prymnesiophyceae and the genus Phaeocystis (Har.) Lag. were identified from 18S ribosomal RNA coding regions, and two complementary probes were designed (PRYMN01 and PHAEO01). Detection of whole cells hybridized with these probes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was difficult using epifluorescence microscopy because autofluorescence of the chlorophylls seriously interfered with the fluorescence of the probes. In contrast, flow cytometry proved very useful to detect and quantify the fluorescence of the hybridized cells. Hybridization conditions were optimized, especially with respect to formamide concentration. Both probes were tested on a large array of both target and nontarget strains. Positive and negative controls were also analyzed. Specificity was tested by adding a competing nonlabeled probe. Whereas probe PHAEO01 seems to have good specificity, probe PRYMN01 appeared less specific and must be used with stringent positive and negative controls.  相似文献   

13.
棕囊藻北部湾株的18S rDNA分子鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究北部湾棕囊藻(Phaeocystis)藻华的成因,采用PCR克隆了棕囊藻北部湾株核糖体18S r DNA序列。结果表明,棕囊藻北部湾株具有游动单细胞与群体结构两种形态;其18S r DNA序列和NCBI基因库中球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)的同源性为99%~100%,在系统进化树上与不同海域来源的球形棕囊藻聚在一大分支上,且与球形棕囊藻间的遗传距离均小于其他种。首次从分子生物学上确定棕囊藻北部湾株为球形棕囊藻。  相似文献   

14.
浮游植物所含的不饱和脂肪酸是测定其作为食物质量的指标,并在浮游植物向浮游动物及其它动物能量转化过程中起着关键的作用,必需不饱和脂肪酸的缺乏有利于水华的形成。球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)分别是常见的海洋和淡水水华藻类,该文分析了它们在不同生长期的脂肪酸组成,探讨了这两种藻类的脂肪酸组成特征。球形棕囊藻和铜绿微囊藻的脂肪酸碳链长为14~20个碳原子,脂肪酸种类组成都比较简单,以饱和脂肪酸为主,未检测到二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸 (Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)等动物的必需脂肪酸。球形棕囊藻的总脂肪酸含量在247.294~735.44 μg·g-1干重之间,在对数期和延滞期含量最高的脂肪酸分别是C14:0和C16:0;而两株铜绿微囊藻的总脂肪酸在1 405.095~6 087.617μg·g-1干重之间,以C16:0含量最高。两株铜绿微囊藻的脂肪酸含量在对数期和延滞期差异明显(p<0.05),但球形棕囊藻的脂肪酸含量在不同生长期差别不大。由于缺乏必需脂肪酸EPA和DHA,球形棕囊藻和铜绿微囊藻不能为高营养级的生物提供必需的不饱和脂肪酸,不是浮游动物等生物的良好食物。因此球形棕囊藻和铜绿微囊藻作为浮游动物的食物质量较低,浮游动物对它们的捕食压力也较小,可能是这两种藻容易暴发水华的重要原因。  相似文献   

15.
不同形态的磷源对球形棕囊藻生长及碱性磷酸酶的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王艳  唐海溶 《生态科学》2006,25(1):38-40
研究了不同浓度和形态的无机磷(DIP)和有机磷(DOP)对球形棕囊藻细胞生长、培养基中磷浓度的变化以及碱性磷酸酶活性的变化的影响。在缺磷和大分子DOP(卵磷脂)作为磷源的情况下,碱性磷酸酶活性迅速提高,在第9天达到了最大值,其活性分别为19.11U和18.28U,显然在缺磷胁迫下和大分子DOP的利用过程中碱性磷酸酶起着重要作用。DIP(磷酸二氢钾)和小分子DOP(β-甘油磷酸钠)都容易直接被球形棕囊藻吸收利用,碱性磷酸酶活性变化不明显。  相似文献   

16.
不同氮源对球形棕囊藻生长的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用实验室培养的方法比较了6种不同氮源-硝态氮、尿素、甘氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、腺嘌呤对典型赤潮藻球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)生长的影响。结果表明,6种氮源均能不同程度地促进球形棕囊藻的生长,但比生长速率和光合作用效率具有显著差异性。将球形棕囊藻在不同浓度氮源下的最大比生长速率分别拟合Monod方程,得出球形棕囊藻在硝态氮、尿素、甘氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸和腺嘌呤等6种氮源下的最大比生长率分别为1.05,1.17,0.82,0.87,1.09,0.90d-1,相应的半饱和常数分别为9.132,23.758,85.519,7.104,23.94,10.959μmol/L。其中,高氮浓度(8820μmol/L)下腺嘌呤对球型棕囊藻的生长具有显著抑制作用。相比较而言,球形棕囊藻对甘氨酸的亲和力最高。当硝态氮、尿素、甘氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸和腺嘌呤的浓度分别为8820,882,882,8820,882,0.441μmol/L时,球形棕囊藻的最大光合效率(Fv/Fm)分别为0.619,0.620,0.579,0.595,0.648,0.667。由此可见,氮源对球形棕囊藻的生长和光合作用具有显著影响;球形棕囊藻能够利用多种无机和有机氮源,与其它仅能利用无机氮源的浮游植物相比,更具有竞争优势。  相似文献   

17.
刘洁生  杨维东  高洁  李诗盈 《生态学报》2007,27(11):4498-4505
考查了秸秆及其浸出液对球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)生长的影响,分析了秸秆附着微生物及秸秆物理吸附作用对秸秆抑藻活性的影响,观察了稻杆浸出液对藻细胞形态的影响。结果显示,一定量的物理破碎稻杆、麦杆及其浸出液均可有效抑制棕囊藻的生长,灭菌与未灭菌秸杆之间抑藻效果相差不大。不同条件处理的秸杆浸出液总酚含量与抑藻作用间均存在很大差异,但两者之间并无明显相关性。原子力显微镜观察发现,秸秆处理组细胞膜破裂、细胞塌陷,结构不完整,细胞粗糙度明显增加。这些结果提示微生物和物理吸附对秸杆抑藻作用的贡献很小,秸秆中存在的或降解产生的抑藻活性成分是秸秆抑藻的主要原因;除了酚酸类物质外,秸杆中可能存在其他可以显著抑制藻类生长的物质;秸秆通过破坏藻细胞的膜结构,导致藻细胞出现空洞,细胞内容物流出,从而抑制或杀灭藻细胞。  相似文献   

18.
    
The effect of different irradiance levels on the interactions between the algal host and its virus was investigated for two marine phytoplankton, Phaeocystis globosa Scherff. and Micromonas pusilla (Butcher) Manton et Parke. The algal cultures were acclimated at 25, 100, and 250 μmol photons · m?2 · s?1 (LL, ML, and HL, respectively), after which they were infected with a lytic virus (PgV‐07T and MpV‐02T) and monitored under the appropriate irradiance and in darkness. The effect of irradiance levels on the host–virus interactions differed for the two algal host–virus systems examined. For P. globosa, the LL‐acclimated cultures showed a 4 h prolonged latent period (11–16 h), which may be related to the subsaturated growth observed at this irradiance. The burst size was reduced by 50% at LL and HL compared to ML (525 PgV · cell?1). The fraction of infectious viruses, however, remained unchanged. Viral replication was prevented when the LL P. globosa cultures were kept in darkness (up to 48 h) but recovered when placed back into the light. PgV‐07T still replicated in the dark for the ML‐ and HL‐acclimated cultures, but viral yield was reduced by 50%–85%. For M. pusilla, the burst size (285–360 MpV · cell?1), the infectivity, and the latent period of MpV‐02T (7–11 h) remained unaffected by the incident light. Conversely, darkness not only inhibited MpV replication but also resulted in substantial cell lysis of the noninfected cultures. Our study implies that irradiance level is an important factor controlling algal host–virus interactions and hence the dynamics of phytoplankton populations.  相似文献   

19.
硝酸盐对球形棕囊藻生长和硝酸还原酶活性的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
以我国南海海域分离的赤潮原因种——球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystisglobosa)为材料,研究了不同硝酸盐浓度下藻细胞生长及硝酸还原酶活性的变化。当培养基中不含硝酸盐时,藻细胞内硝酸还原酶的活性保持在非常低的水平,藻细胞的生长受到限制,不能形成正常的生长曲线:当培养基中硝酸盐浓度为3.62μmol.L-1时,藻细胞的硝酸还原酶活性和比生长速率达到最大。在含有硝酸盐的培养基中,接种培养后第9天藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性达到最大值,并且在4种不同硝酸盐浓度下,藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性的差异性达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。在接种培养第16天藻细胞密度达到最大值,并且4种不同硝酸盐浓度培养的藻细胞密度之间的差异性也达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。实验结果表明,在培养基中添加不同浓度的硝酸盐,对球形棕囊藻细胞硝酸还原酶的活性和藻细胞的生长有极显著的影响,含有较高硝酸盐的富营养化海域有利于球形棕囊藻细胞的持续生长。  相似文献   

20.
有害赤潮生物球形棕囊藻对卤虫的毒性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
危蔚  江天久 《生态科学》2005,24(1):38-41
利用1997年10月和1998年6月分别在广东汕头饶平海域和香港海域分离到的球形棕囊藻,即球形棕囊藻香港株(Phaeocystis globosastrain HK)和球形棕囊藻汕头株(Phaeocystis globosastrain ST),在实验室条件下研究其对四日龄卤虫(Artemia sinica)的急性毒性。结果表明,对数生长期的HK株藻液24h对卤虫LC50约为2.9×105cell·mL-1。对数期的ST株对卤虫的毒性难以达到半致死浓度,衰亡期的ST株24h对卤虫LC50约为9.89×106cell·mL-1。在上述浓度下两者半致死时间分别为20.91h和26.62h,而对数生长期的HK株和衰亡期的ST株的培养物过滤液24h对卤虫LC50则分别为7.1×105cell·mL-1和1.457×107cell·mL-1,且在该浓度下的半致死时间分别为26.56h和28.02h。实验表明,HK株藻液和滤液的毒性均大于ST株,且藻液的毒性均大于滤液。  相似文献   

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