Monoclonal Antibody MAT-1 Against Human Tyrosinase Can Detect Melanogenic Cells on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Sections

Immunohistochemical localization of tyrosinase was examined with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb MAT-1) against human tyrosinase on routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 3 normal skin specimens, 15 melanocytic tumors (6 pigmented nevi, 3 juvenile melanomas and 6 malignant melanomas) and 3 non-melanocytic tumors. In the melanotic melanomas, almost all tumor cells were clearly stained with the antibody. In the nevocytic nevi, the nevus cells in lower epidermis and upper dermis were positive for MoAb MAT-1, but negative in middle and lower dermis. All three juvenile melanomas, one amelanotic melanoma, and three non-melanocytic tumors were entirely negative for MoAb MAT-1. Thus, MoAb MAT-1 could recognize the cells with melanogenic activity on routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. However, the staining quality was not adequate for normal epidermal melanocytes, indicating that small technical innovations in the immunostaining process such as formalin fixation after PBS washing are required. Nevertheless, MoAb MAT-1 can be expected to be very useful for identifying melanogenic cells on paraffin-embedded sections, because we have to date no other antibody available for it.     

Reduced Invasion of Cultured Cells Pretreated With A Monoclonal Antibody Elicited Against Refractile Body Antigens of Avian Coccidial Sporozoites

The effect of a monoclonal antibody (1209-C2) elicited against sporozoite refractile-body antigen on invasion of cultured baby hamster kidney cells by avian Eimeria species was examined in vitro. Pretreatment of sporozoites with 1209-C2 for 45 min before inoculation into cultures or simultaneous introduction of sporozoites and 1209-C2 into cultures had no significant effect on invasion. However, pretreatment of cultures for 45 min with 1209-C2 (also with media from other cloned 1209 cell lines) significantly inhibited invasion by sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and E. adenoeides. Pretreatment of cultures with 2 unrelated monoclonal antibodies with the same isotype as 1209-C2 did not inhibit invasion by E. tenella. There was a significant correlation between time of exposure of the cultures to 1209-C2 and invasion (r = -0.80924; p = 0.0001), with inhibition of invasion occurring after 20 min exposure, but not after 10 min. There was also a significant correlation between the titer of 1209-C2 and invasion (r = 0.62291; p = 0.0305). Monoclonal antibody 1209-C2 cross-reacted with epitopes of baby hamster kidney cells by both immunofluorescence and Western blot. The fluorescent labeling of the cells differed according to the fixative that was used. In formalin-fixed cultures labeled with 1209-C2, fluorescent foci were distributed over the entire cell; after methanol fixation, 1209-C2 reacted with only discrete foci in the nucleus. On Western blots of sporozoites, 1209-C2 reacted with antigens having molecular sizes of approximately 8, 17, 23, 30, and 45-60 kDa, and with several minor bands. On baby hamster kidney cells, the antibody reacted primarily with bands of approximately 30, 45-60, and slightly with other bands. The data suggest that interactions among similar molecules in the sporozoites and host cells may play a role in cellular invasion.     

抗人肝素酶单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的:肝素酶在白细胞游走和恶性肿瘤转移的过程中发挥重要作用,肝素酶抗体的制备对于自身免疫病和肿瘤的良恶性鉴别诊断具有重要意义。制备抗人肝素酶单克隆抗体,用于肝素酶的研究及临床恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断。方法:通过杂交瘤技术将分泌抗人肝素酶单抗的小鼠B细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞Sp2/0融合,获得稳定分泌抗人肝素酶单抗的杂交瘤细胞;用有限稀释法获得单克隆,以重组人肝素酶及含肝素酶的血小板裂解液对抗体进行Western印迹检测。结果:Western印迹结果显示制备的单抗与人肝素酶具有特异性免疫识别特性。结论:获得了能够特异性免疫识别人肝素酶的分泌性抗人肝素酶单克隆抗体。     

小鼠新分泌蛋白基因mBolA1的克隆与鉴定

采用生物信息学工具预测与实验相结合的方法得到了一个新的小鼠分泌蛋白基因mBolA1。该基因定位于染色体3F2,cDNA全长为730bp,编码137个氨基酸的蛋白,该蛋白含有一个保守的BolA结构域,等电点为9.05。用RT-PCR方法从鼠的混合cDNA库中克隆到mBolA1。Western blot实验表明mBolA1能从瞬转的COS 7细胞中分泌到细胞培养液中。亚细胞定位显示mBolA1定位于细胞浆,且与高尔基体不共定位,提示它是个非经典分泌途径的分泌蛋白。RT PCR显示mBolA1在组织中广泛表达。它的具体功能有待进一步研究。     

重组抗体—尿激酶导向溶栓剂的基因构建及表达

为了获得高效、高特异性溶栓药物,应用基因工程技术,成功的表达了由人源化抗人活化血小板单抗和单链尿酶组成的抗体导向溶栓剂（ＳＺ５１Ｈｕ－ｓｃｕＰＡ）。通过基因重组ＰＣＲ方法将ｓｃｕＰＡ全长ｃＤＮＡ的Ｎ末端连接在ＳＺ５１重链恒区ＣＨ３末端,构建了含有目的蛋白融合基因的真核表达载体αｌｙｓ３０－ＳＺ５１ＶＨ／Ｈｕ－ｓｃｕＰＡ。采用脂转染法将表达载体导入分泌ＳＺ５１ＶＫ／Ｈｕ轻链的小鼠骨髓瘤细胞中,筛选出     

琥珀酰辅酶A转移酶的表达纯化及抗体制备

目的:琥珀酰辅酶A转移酶(SCOT)是酮体代谢过程中的关键限速酶,此酶缺陷多由SCOT基因突变引起,患者多有酮症酸中毒表现。为了进一步研究SCOT的功能,采用原核表达系统表达并纯化重组SCOT,制备SCOT多克隆抗体。方法:选择蛋鸡、肉鸡模式生物为研究对象,通过生物信息学对其抗原性和属间同源性进行分析,通过RT-PCR从鸡的骨骼肌cDNA中扩增了SCOT基因N端半长片段,克隆到表达载体pET28b中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,并用镍离子螯合柱(Ni-NTA)纯化重组SCOT;用纯化的重组SCOT免疫小鼠后得到多克隆抗体。结果:Western印迹表明,制备的SCOT抗体具有较高的特异性,可特异性识别鸡的SCOT蛋白,同时可特异性识别小鼠和人的相应SCOT蛋白。结论:SCOT多克隆抗体的制备为后续在鸡、鼠和人中研究SCOT基因提供基础。     

抗人Elp3 的N末端抗体制备及在染色质免疫沉淀中的应用

人 Elp3（human elongator protein 3, hElp3）具有组蛋白乙酰转移酶活性,是与延伸中的 RNA 聚合酶Ⅱ结合的 elongator 复合物的催化亚基,可参与组蛋白的乙酰化修饰与基因的转录延伸. Elp3 及其复合物功能异常与人类多种疾病相关. 为运用染色质免疫沉淀等手段深入研究 Elp3 功能,PCR 法克隆 pYES2-hElp3 质粒中编码 hElp3的N端亲水区段（1～69 氨基酸残基）,构建原核表达载体 pMXB10-hElp3-210,经 IPTG 诱导和几丁质柱纯化后,免疫兔制备多克隆抗体. ELISA 检测显示,该抗体有较高的效价(不低于1∶2　500).免疫印迹实验结果表明,该抗体可与纯化的及 HeLa 细胞中的 hElp3 蛋白特异性结合.运用该抗体对转入 elp3Δ菌株的人 Elp3 的染色质免疫沉淀实验结果表明,人 Elp3 可参与酵母 SSA3 基因的转录调控,这可能是人Elp3 能够部分补偿酵母 SSA3 基因延迟表达缺陷的原因.     

人copineV蛋白多克隆抗体的制备

目的：制备兔抗人copineV多克隆抗体。方法：将copineV N端423bp（626-1048bp）构建到原核表达载体pET28a（＋）,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,在IPTG诱导下进行蛋白表达;以镍柱纯化后的蛋白为抗原,与等体积佐剂混合后免疫家免3次;用ELISA和Western印迹检测抗血清,用（NH4）2SO4沉淀法初步纯化抗体。结果：表达并纯化了copineV N端蛋白,ELISA检测表明抗血清具有高亲和性,Western印迹检测表明抗体能特异性识别内源性和过表达的copineV。结论：制备了具有高亲和性和特异性的抗人copineV多克隆抗体。     

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Highly Immunogenic Fraction of Entamoeba histolytica (NIH:200) and Their Application in the Detection of Current Amoebic Infection

Six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against a highly immunogenic fraction derived by the chromatographic separation of the soluble preparation of axenic Entamoeba histolytica (strain NIH:200) trophozoites. Isotype characterization of the six MAbs revealed that four belonged to the IgM class and one each to the IgG1 and the IgG2a subclasses. The immunoreactivity patterns and the specificity of the MAbs with homologous and heterologous antigens were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunotransfer blot technique and by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MAbs reacted intensely with isolates of E. histolytica (strain NIH:200 as well as a local isolate MX1) but showed no reactivity with Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba hartmanni, free-living amoeba (Acanthamoeba harticolus) and other enteric parasites. Using the IgG1 MAb as a detecting antibody, a polyclonal-monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of E. histolytica antigens in stool samples of infected patients. The detection limit of the assay was 8 ng of amoebic antigen. This test was found to be specific and sensitive and yielded 100% positive results in cases with amoebiasis but did not react with controls included in the evaluation. The MAb-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in this study will be an important test for the diagnosis of E. histolytica in the feces of infected humans; however, the limitation of the test is the inability to discriminate the pathogenic status of the amoeba detected in the stool.     

Immunocytological and Preliminary Immunohistochemical Studies of Prothymosin ��, a Human Cancer�Cassociated Polypeptide, With a Well-characterized Polyclonal Antibody

Prothymosin α (ProTα) is a nuclear polypeptide of great biological and, possibly clinical, importance, because its expression levels have been associated with early diagnosis/prognosis of human cancer. It is therefore interesting to raise easily available and cost-effective antibodies that would be applied to develop reliable ProTα immunodiagnostics. In this study, New Zealand white rabbits and laying hens were parallel immunized against intact ProTα or the synthetic fragments ProTα[1-28], ProTα[87-109], and ProTα[101-109], all conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The corresponding antibodies G and Y were immunochemically evaluated in parallel with ELISA and Western blot systems and applied to fluorescence immunocytology experiments using various cancer cell lines and normal cells. The antibody G raised against ProTα[101-109]/KLH had excellent functional characteristics in the Western blot and immunocytology experiments, where the fluorescent signal was almost exclusively shown in the cell nucleus independently of the cells assayed. The above antibody has been applied to preliminary IHC staining of human cancer prostate tissues, leading to a high percentage of clearly and intensively stained nuclei in the adenocarcinoma tissue; this antibody can be further used in cancer tissue immunostaining and in research concerning the role of ProTα in tumorigenesis. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:1023–1031, 2008)     

Development, Characterization, and Use of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies against the Myxosporean, Ceratomyxa shasta

Both monoclonal and polyclonal antisera were produced against Ceratomyxa shasta. Ascites containing trophozoites of the parasite was collected from infected fish and used as antigen for immunization of mice. The resulting monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with trophozoite and sporoblast stages but did not react with C. shasta spores by either indirect fluorescent antibody techniques or in Western blots. This indicates that some C. shasta antigens are specific to certain life stages of the parasite. Polyclonal antiserum was produced in a rabbit by injecting a spore protein electro-eluted from an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. This antiserum reacted with both trophozoites and spores by indirect fluorescent antibody techniques and in Western blots. All antisera were tested for cross-reactivity to trout white blood cells, a contaminant of the ascites, and to other myxosporea. Two monoclonal antibodies reacted with white blood cells and myxosporea of the genera Sphaerospora and Myxobilatus. One hybridoma produced antibodies of high specificity for C. shasta pre-spore stages. This is the first report of a monoclonal antibody produced against a myxosporean parasite.     

一株人抗人A—血型物质单克隆抗体特异性的研究

本文对一株人抗人A-血型物质单克隆抗体,用定量免疫沉淀法以及ELISA研究其与多种单糖、双糖及寡糖的反应性,从而确定了其结合部位的结构特异性。实验发现其结合部位互补于含有双分子岩藻糖残基的A-t糖:这一研究进一步强调了含有双分子岩藻糖残基的A血型抗原决定簇的重要性。     

群特异性蓝舌病病毒单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的：制备群特异性抗蓝舌病病毒（BTV）单克隆抗体,并对其特性进行鉴定,为建立检测BTV抗原及抗体的ELISA方法奠定基础。方法：用纯化的BTV颗粒为免疫抗原免疫BALB/c鼠,以大肠杆菌表达的VP7蛋白作为筛选抗原,用间接ELISA法筛选杂交瘤细胞株;选取抗体效价最高的一株制备BTV单克隆抗体,以该抗体为捕获抗体与8种不同血清型BTV进行ELISA反应,结果与细胞病变反应进行比对;以该抗体为竞争抗体,与12种不同血清型绵羊BTV抗血清进行竞争ELISA反应,并将结果与参比c-ELISA试剂盒结果进行比对。结果：筛选出5株稳定分泌BTV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并选其中一株（3E2）制备了高纯度的单克隆抗体;该单抗用于检测不同血清型BTV,与细胞病变反应结果完全相符;用于检测不同血清型绵羊BTV抗血清,其结果与参比c-ELISA试剂盒符合率为100%,与鹿流行性出血热病毒抗原和抗体均无交叉反应。结论：制备的BTV单克隆抗体具有良好的群特异性,可用于检测不同血清型BTV抗原及BTV抗体。     

抗IFITM1单克隆抗体的制备及检测

目的：制备抗干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白-1（interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1,IFITM1）的单克隆抗体,为检测IFITM1及进一步研究其在结肠肿瘤发生过程中的作用提供实验基础。方法：以结肠癌患者的癌组织为材料,提取总RNA,以RT—PCR扩增得到IFITM1 cDNA序列,经EcoR 和HindⅢ双酶切后,克隆入pGEX-4T-3进行原核表达并纯化得IFITM1-GST;以该融合蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠,淋巴细胞杂交瘤法制备单克隆抗体;采用ELISA、Western-blot及免疫组织化学法以制备的抗体检测结肠癌患者结肠癌组织中的IFITM1。结果：成功构建了1FITM1核表达载体,获得了IFITM1-GST重组蛋白;制备得到了1株抗IFITM1单克隆抗体,腹水ELISA效价为1：30000,抗体亚类为IgG1,可用于ELISA、Western-blot及免疫组织化学法检测结肠癌患者结肠癌组织中的IFITM1。结论：获得了1株可用于ELISA、Westem-blot及免疫组织化学法的抗IFITM1单克隆抗体2F—1,为进一步研究IFITM1在结肠肿瘤发生过程中的作用提供了实验基础。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白T的纯化和单克隆抗体的制备

从人左室心肌中成功纯化心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT). 经匀浆, 70℃加热处理, 咪唑盐酸透析, DEAE-纤维素层析, 100g心肌获取cTnT 5mg, 纯度为97.6%. 同时采用脾内免疫法, 免疫Balb/C小鼠, 经细胞融合, 筛选, 克隆化得5株稳定分泌抗人cTnT单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞(G₃, G₈, G₁₀, A₅, A₇), 4株为IgM, 1株为IgG, 染色体数目92～110条. 腹水效价为3.2×10^-6～1. 6×10^-7.     

Nmi及其变异体在大肠杆菌中表达、抗体制备及其细胞分布

 为了检测细胞内源性Nmi和变异体Nmi s的表达、亚细胞分布以及可能形成的信号转导蛋白复合物 ,成功构建并表达了异源Nmi和Nmi s 获得纯化异源蛋白 ,用以制备兔源抗Nmi(Nmi s)多克隆抗体 .Western印迹在多种细胞株HL 60 ,K562 ,2 93T细胞中检测到Nmi(Nmi s)高表达 .在不同的细胞系中 ,Nmi表现为不同的蛋白复合物迁移带 ;Nmi(Nmi s)在胞浆和胞核均存在 ,而核内荧光更强 .Nmi(Nmi s)通过与多种蛋白相互作用行使其生物学功能 ,在不同细胞中可能与不同的蛋白相互作用 ,发挥不同的功能 .     

人源抗HBsAg单链抗体在巴氏毕赤酵母中的表达

在P.pastoris中分泌表达非融合抗HBsAg单链抗体（HBscFv）。设计引物从pGEMHBscFv上扩增目的基因,亚克隆至P.pastoris表达载体pPICZαA中,线性化后转化P. pastorisGS115;转化子经菌落PCR、高浓度Zeocin抗性筛选鉴定后,甲醇诱导目的蛋白表达。结果发现,重组HBscFv可以在α因子的引导下,分泌至培养基中,产量为80mg/L;分泌至培养基中的HBscFv具有结合HBsAg活性,活性总量在诱导培养72h后达最高峰,在诱导培养后期,HBscFv活性下降;PAS糖显色结果表明,酵母表达HBscFv是一种低糖基化蛋白或非糖基化蛋白。     

抗人CD3改形单链抗体的构建、表达及活性测定

ＣＤ３单抗通过多种途径有效地同体的免疫状态,在临床应用中具有极大的潜力。为克服鼠源单抗用于临床的局限性,拟采用抗体工程技术研制抗人ＣＤ３改形单链抗体。首先,将鼠源ＣＤ３单抗ＯＫＴ３轻重链ＣＤＲｓ分别移植到人源抗体ＬＳ１轻链和Ｎｄ重链的框架中,经计算机模拟其空间构象,进行残基替换,确定ＣＤ３改形ＶＬ、ＶＨ氨基酸序列,化学合成改形ＶＬ、ＶＨ基因,将其分别插入至载体ｐＲＯＨ８０中,构建成抗人ＣＤ３改形单     

抗FGF2人鼠嵌合抗体在HEK293T细胞中的表达优化

目的：FGF2是肿瘤血管新生过程中最重要的因子之一,因此通过制备抗FGF2人鼠嵌合抗体中和其发挥作用,以达到抑制肿瘤生长的目的。方法：利用分泌抗FGF2抗体的杂交瘤细胞株IgG9B9和人B淋巴细胞,分别克隆抗体轻链可变区V_L、重链可变区V_H和人重链恒定区C_H基因,从pComb3λ载体中扩增出人λ 链恒定区C_L基因,通过重叠PCR,将V_L,V_H和C_L,C_H片段分别连接形成嵌合抗体的轻链L和重链H,将L/H链以单独构建或串联于同一载体的方式,构建抗FGF2嵌合抗体表达载体,并通过调控元件WPRE优化载体、共转染促生长因子aFGF以及调整表达温度等方式提高嵌合抗体在真核细胞中的表达。结果：成功构建了优化表达载体PLexm-WPRE、PLexm-aFGF;L、H链基因也成功构建,并以L、H或L-F2A-H（2A连接肽将L和H连接起来）的方式分别成功连接到PLexm,PLexm-WPRE载体中。转染细胞上清的ELISA鉴定结果表明,L/H链单独构建要比串联构建的方式具有更高的表达水平,WPRE能有效促进抗体的表达而aFGF并不能促进其表达,与31、37℃相比,33℃时抗体的表达量最高,同时嵌合抗体表现出了很好的结合活性及中和活性,竞争IC50=6.25μg/ml。通过亲和层析获得了高纯度的抗FGF2嵌合抗体。结论：在33℃下,人鼠嵌合抗体基因在WPRE存在下表达量最高,且与抗原FGF2有很好的结合活性及中和活性,为临床应用奠定了基础。