MORPHOLOGY OF PLACENTOPHORA (SOLIERIACEAE,GIGARTINALES: RHODOPHYTA), A NEW GENUS BASED ON SARCODIOTHECA COLENSOI FROM NEW ZEALAND1

The only member of the red algal family Solieriaceae known from New Zealand is the endemic Sarcodiotheca colensoi (Hook. & Harv.) Kylin. This study shows that it differs in several respects from the type S. furcata (Setch. & Gard.) Kylin; thus a new genus Placentophora is created for the New Zealand alga. Although P. colensoi nov. comb. is retained in the Solieriaceae on the basis of vegetative, spermatangial, tetrasporangial, carpogonial-branch and early gonimoblast features, it differs from typical members of that family in its pattern of later carposporophyte development. After a single gonimoblast initial is cut off from the auxiliary cell towards the center of the thallus, further gonimoblasts develop from the initial as ramifying, radiating filaments. These filaments enter an extensive “nutritive-cell” region surrounding the auxiliary cell, form, numerous connections to the “nutritive” cells, and incorporate most of them into a central placenta of interconnected, and variously-fused vegetative and gonimoblast cells. Carpo-sporangia then form in short chains around the periphery of the placenta. The cystocarp lacks both a central fusion cell and a sterile-celled investment, or “Faserhülle.” The distinctive carposporophyte of Placentophora is compared to patterns of gonimoblast development, known in other members of the Solieriaceae.     

SYNARTHROPHYTON,A NEW GENUS OF CORALLINACEAE (CRYPTONEMIALES,RHODOPHYTA) FROM THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE1

Synarthrophyton gen. nov. is described based on southern Australian material of Melobesia patena Hooker fils & Harvey, which shows features intermediate between Mesophyllum Lemoine and Lithothamnium Philippi. It has the thin-walled rounded epithallial cells and coaxial hypothallium characteristic of Mesophyllum and the type of procarp and male structures common to Lithothamnium. Synarthrophyton is unique within the subfamily Melobesioideae (J. E. Areschoug) Yendo because it displays secondary pit connections. Details of the vegetative and reproductive morphology of S. patena (Hooker fils. & Harvey) comb. nov. are given and its taxonomic position in the Corallinaceae Lamouroux discussed.     

MORPHOLOGY OF THE SUBANTARCTIC RED ALGA CENACRUM SUBSUTUM GEN. ET SP. NOV. (RHODYMENIALES) FROM MACQUARIE ISLAND1

The red alga Cenacrum subsutum gen. et sp. nov. is described from material collected at Macquarie Island in the subantarctic between November 1977 and February 1978. The habit and carposporophyte development are similar to members of the family Rhodymeniaceae (Rhodymeniales), but certain vegetative features are unique. The frond is a variously incised or lobed foliose blade with hollow apices above and a medulla which becomes progressively filled basipetally with ingrowing rhizoidal filaments. Details of carpogonial branch, auxiliary cell, connecting cell and gonimoblast anatomy are given, as well as observations on the habitats and distribution of the species.     

PRESCOTTIELLA,A NEW GENUS OF ASYMMETRICAL DESMIDS (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

Bipolar asymmetry has been considered a morphological characteristic sufficient for differentiation of genera among the Desmidiaceae. Therefore, Micrasterias sudanensis Grönbl., Prowse & Scott, the only species of Micrasterias showing such asymmetry, is made the type of a new genus, Prescottiella, gen. nov.     

AUGOPHYLLUM,A NEW GENUS OF THE DELESSERIACEAE (RHODOPHYTA) BASED ON rbcL SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND CYSTOCARP DEVELOPMENT1

A new genus, Augophyllum Lin, Fredericq et Hommersand gen. nov. related to Nitophyllum, tribe Nitophylleae, subfam. Nitophylloideae of the Delesseriaceae, is established to contain the type species Augophyllum wysorii Lin, Fredericq et Hommersand sp. nov. from Caribbean Panama; Augophyllum kentingii Lin, Fredericq et Hommersand sp. nov. from Taiwan; Augophyllum marginifructum (R. E. Norris et Wynne) Lin, Fredericq et Hommersand comb. nov. (Myriogramme marginifructa R. E. Norris et Wynne 1987) from South Africa, Tanzania, and the Sultanate of Oman; and Augophyllum delicatum (Millar) Lin, Fredericq et Hommersand comb. nov. (Nitophyllum delicatum Millar 1990 ) from southeastern Australia. Like Nitophyllum, Augophyllum is characterized by a diffuse meristematic region, the absence of macro‐ and microscopic veins, procarps consisting of a supporting cell bearing a slightly curved four‐celled carpogonial branch flanked laterally by a cover cell and a sterile cell, a branched multicellular sterile group after fertilization, absence of cell fusions between gonimoblast cells, and tetrasporangia transformed from multinucleate surface cells. Augophyllum differs from Nitophyllum by the blades becoming polystromatic inside the margins, often with a stipitate cylindrical base, the possession of aggregated discoid plastids neither linked by fine strands nor forming bead‐like branched chains, spermatangia and procarps initiated at the margins of blades, not diffuse, and a cystocarp composed of densely branched gonimoblast filaments borne on a conspicuous persistent auxiliary cell with an enlarged nucleus. Analyses of the rbcL gene support the separation of Augophyllum from Nitophyllum. An investigation of species attributed to Nitophyllum around the world is expected to reveal other taxa referable to Augophyllum.     

DEUCALION GEN. NOV. AND ANISOSCHIZUS GEN. NOV. (CERAMIACEAE,CERAMIALES), TWO NEW PROPAGULE-FORMING RED ALGAE FROM SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA1

Two new propagule-farming red algae from southern Australia, Deucalion levringii (Lindauer) gen. et comb. nov. and Anisoschizus propaguli gen. et sp. nov., are described and defined largely on their development in laboratory culture. Deucalion is included in the tribe Compsothamnieae on the basis of its subapical procarp and alternate distichous branching. It differs from the other genera included in that tribe in that it produces 3-celled propagules, polysporangia, a subapical cell of the fertile axis which bears 3 pericentral cells, and an apparently post-fertilization involucre which develops from the hypogenous and sub-hypogenous cells of the fertile axis. Its gametophyte morphology has been elucidated in culture, as only sporophytes are known from the field. Gametophytes do not appear to produce propagules. Anisoschizus is provisionally included in the tribe Spermothamnieae on the basis of its subdichotomous branching, possession of a prostrate system and the production of polysporangia. It differs from the other genera of the tribe in the production of 2-celled propagules. Observations on the germination of the “monosporangia” of Mazoyerella arachnoidea and Monosporus spp. indicate that they are analagous to the propagules of Deucalion and Anisoschizus. The nature of these propagules and their role in recycling the parent plant are discussed and contrasted with true monosporangia. It is recommended that Monosporus be maintained as a form genus containing representatives from more than one tribe, as exemplified by plants from Lord Howe I. provisionally identified as M. indicus Boergesen which have both prostrate and erect, as opposed to only erect, axes.     

DICROGLOSSUM CRISPATULUM GEN. ET COMB. NOV. FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA,REPRESENTING A NEW TRIBE WITHIN THE DELESSERIACEAE (RHODOPHYTA)1

Dicroglossum gen. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales) is a monotypic genus based on Delesseria crispatula, a species originally described by Harvey for plants collected from southwestern Western Australia. Distinctive features of the new genus include exogenous indeterminate branches; growth by means of a single transversely dividing, apical cell; absence of intercalary divisions in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cell rows; lateral pericentral cells not transversely divided; not all cells of the secondary cell rows producing tertiary cells rows; all tertiary initials reaching the thallus margin; midrib present but lateral nerves absent; determinate lateral bladelets arising endogenously; blades monostromatic, except, at the midrib; carpogonial branches restricted to primary cell rows, on both surfaces of unmodified blades; procarps produced on both blade surfaces, each procarp consisting of a supporting cell that bears two four-celled carpogonial branches and one sterile-cell group of three to four cells; and tetrasporangia borne in two layers, separated by a central row of sterile cells. The combination of exogenous indeterminate branching and bicarpogonial procarps is considered to warrant the recognition of a new tribe, the Dicroglosseae, within the subfamily Delesserioideae.     

云南省蚱科一新属新种(直翅目:蚱科)

本文报道蚱科一新属一新种。新属,微翅蚱属Alulatettix gen nov.的主要特征是前胸背板强烈隆起呈屋脊形,前胸背板侧片后缘具二凹陷,前、后翅甚微小。其模式种为云南微翅蚱Alulatettix yunnanensis sp.nov.     

MARIPELTA ATLANTICA SP. NOV. (RHODOPHYTA,RHODYMENIALES) A NEW DEEP-WATER ALGA FROM FLORIDA1

A red alga with a cylindrical stipe bearing a single deciduous blade was collected in deep water off the east coast of Florida. It is described as Maripelta atlantica sp. nov., differing from M. rotata (Dawson) Dawson (the type of the genus, from deep water off California and Baja California) chiefly by having an annular tetrasporangial nemathecium on the lower surface of the blade rather than scattered nemathecia on the upper surface. Both species are vegetatively and reproductively distinct from M. thivyae Dawson, which is transferred to Halichrysis. New information is given regarding the reproduction and distribution of M. rotata.     

A critical survey of the evidence for the occurrence of Helminthocladia agardhiana Dixon [H. hudsoni J. Ag. pro parte] in Europe

An examination of cystocarps from the rarely collected southern Australian alga currently known as Lomentaria corynephora (J. Agardh) Kylin has shown it to be a member of the Rhodymeniales but incorrectly placed in Lomentaria. As it is not referable to any of the genera presently ascribed to the order, the new genus Semnocarpa is proposed to accommodate its suite of unique features. Semnocarpa closely resembles Lomentaria in habit and in having basally septate branches, a peripheral network of widely separated medullary filaments around the cell-free (but mucilage-filled) centres of the main and lateral axes, gland cells directed inwardly on scattered medullary cells, and tetrasporangia produced laterally from surface cortical cells that line deep cavities in the branch surfaces. Features of the mature cystocarp, however, strongly differentiate Semnocarpa from Lomentaria. The carposporophyte has a fusion cell in which outlines of the component cells remain discernible, as opposed to having a fully consolidated fusion cell, and is laxly enclosed in a system of filaments derived from surrounding inner cortical cells. The cystocarp is entirely submerged within the bearing branch, there being no protuberant pericarp derived from the outer cortex of the sort previously thought to be a uniform feature of the family Lomentariaceae and virtually all Rhodymeniales. These features suggest that Semnocarpa is likely to be a highly derived member of the Lomentariaceae. A second species is newly described from material collected in Western Australia. Semnocarpa minuta sp. nov. differs from S. corynephora in its exclusively epiphytic habit, two-layered medulla, smaller stature and extensive crustose holdfast.     

REASSESSMENT OF THE LITTLE‐KNOWN CRUSTOSE RED ALGAL GENUS POLYSTRATA (GIGARTINALES), BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND SSU rDNA SEQUENCES1

The taxonomic distinctiveness of the crustose red algal genus Polystrata Heydrich (Peyssonneliaceae) is confirmed on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The vegetative and reproductive morphology of the type species Polystrata dura Heydrich is newly described. Polystrata thalli are thick multi‐layered crusts, each crust of which is composed of a mesothallus, a superior perithallus, and an inferior perithallus. P. dura is characterized by a poorly developed inferior perithallus consisting of single‐celled perithallial filaments and each layer of multi‐layered crusts being closely adherent to the parental layer. This Polystrata species is identical to Peyssonnelia species, the type genus of the Peyssonneliaceae in the morphology of sexual reproductive organs: a carpogonial branch and an auxiliary cell branch are formed laterally on respective nemathecial filaments; the gonimoblasts are developed from connecting filaments and auxiliary cells; the spermatangia are produced in male and female nemathecia; and the spermatangial filament produces a series of one to four paired spermatangia that form a whorl surrounding each central cell (the Peyssonnelia dubyi‐type development). Polystrata fosliei (Weber‐van Bosse) Denizot is clearly distinguished from P. dura by an inferior perithallus as well‐developed as the superior perithallus, and each layer of multi‐layered crusts being loosely adherent to the parental layer. In our small subunit rDNA trees of the Peyssonneliaceae, these Polystrata species formed a clade with low to medium supports, although the phylogenetic position of Polystrata was unresolved in this family. Therefore, the thallus structure of Polystrata may be regarded as an important taxonomic character at the genus rank.     

中国食蚜蝇科—新属新种(英文)

本文记述了中国食蚜蝇科Syrphidae、管蚜蝇亚科Eristalinae、管蚜蝇族Eristalini的一新属:艳管蚜蝇属Pseudomeromacrus gen.nov.和新种 刺茎艳管蚜蝇Pseudomeromacrus setipenitus Li,sp.nov.模式标本保存于华南农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。     

革螨一新属新种及一新科的建立(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股)

在云南陇川县的蜣螂体上采得一种革螨系未曾描述过的新种,并为之建立新科与新属,用其颚角呈球形膨大及躯体角化较深的特征命名。球革螨科新科Bulbogamasidae fam.nov.的主要特征:叉毛三叉,其侧具一拇指状薄膜;颚角呈球形膨大,角化弱;头盖前缘光滑;雄螨足11具强大的距状表皮突。球革螨属新属Bulbogamasus gen.nov.的主要特征:背板整块;背毛26对,板周围的长大,中部的细小;胸叉叉丝末端具刺状突,小分支端部有的分叉;雌螨具腹肛板与肛前毛;雄螨导精趾粗长,超过螯钳长的2倍以上。模式种为中华球革螨新种Bulbogamasus sinicus sp.nov.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF VEGETATIVE ORGANIZATION AND CELL DIVISION IN THE UNICELLULAR RED ALGA DIXONIELLA GRISEA GEN. NOV. (RHODOPHYTA) AND A CONSIDERATION OF THE GENUS RHODELLA1

This study suggests that the genus Rhodella be restricted to that set of features currently observed only in Rhodella maculata Evans and Rhodella violacea (Korn-mann) Wehrmeyer, that a new genus Dixoniella be established to accommodate the unicellular red alga, Rhodella grisea (Geitler) Fresnel, Billard, Hindák et Pekár-ková, and that Rhodella cyanea Billard et Fresnel be further studied for probable reclassification. These conclusions are based on ultrastructural comparisons of Dixoniella grisea with published information on the genus Rhodella. The presence of thylakoids in the pyrenoid, a peripheral encircling thylakoid in the chloroplast, a dictyosome/nuclear envelope association, and the lack of a specialized pyrenoid/nucleus association in D. grisea separate this alga from the genus Rhodella. Cell division in D. grisea is not demonstrably different from that in Rhodella, although the unusually well-defined material of the presumptive microtubule organizing center (MTOC) made it possible to follow the development and behavior of the MTOC to a greater degree than in previously studied red algal cells. The surprising amount of conformity in cell division characters between D. grisea and the genus Rhodella prompted a comparison of cell division characteristics in all red algal unicells studied to date. All unicells show a remarkable degree of similarity except for differences in interzonal spindle length, dissimilarities in size of the nucleus-associated organelle (NAO), and the unusual NAO of Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) Drew et Ross.     

STRUCTURE AND REPRODUCTION OF AMANSIA AND MELANAMANSIA GEN. NOV. (RHODOPHYTA,RHODOMELACEAE) ON THE SOUTHEASTERN AFRICAN COAST1

Four species of Amansia Lamouroux were initially found in Natal. More Complete studies on these species revealed a new genus, Melanamansia, Which is described on the basis of presence of two dorsal pseudopericentral cells in two new species from Natal (M. seagriefii sp. nov. & M. fimbrifolia sp. nov.) in addition to other structural characters and features of pigmentation and reproduction. Pseudopericentral cells are not present in the type species of Amansia, A. multifida Lamouroux. The other two species of Amansia occurring in Natal, A. glomerata C. Agardh & A. loriformis sp. nov., have characters similar to the type species. Comparison of species from other regions of the world has shown that eight additional species, previously assigned to Amansia, belong to the new genus.     

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF CERAMIACEAE (RHODOPHYTA) FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES1

Five Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta) are reported from the offshore waters of the southeastern, warm temperate coast of the United States. These include two new monotypic genera, Calliclavula trifurcate Schneider in the Griffithsieae and Nwynea grandispora Searles in the Sphondylothamnieae, and three new species, Callithamniella silvae Searles, Ptilothamnion occidentale Searles, and Lejolisia exposita Schneider et Searles.     

华模蛛科——采自中国的蜘蛛目一新科(蛛形纲,蜘蛛目)

记述了采自我国云南西双版纳雨林的1新科,华模蛛科Sinopimoidae fam.nov.,1新属,华模蛛属Sinopimoa gen.nov.,1新种,双色华模蛛Sinopimoa bicolor sp.nov..模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

微绒螨亚科一新属新种：蜱螨亚纲：绒螨科

木文记述微绒螨亚科一新属新种,正模♀,副模2♀♀采自上海土表杂质,保存于上海复旦大学生物系。     

小黑螨科一新属新种（蜱螨亚纲：辐螨亚目）

建立了小黑螨科一新属：华颚螨属Ｓｉｎｏｇｎａｔｈｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．;描述了模式种：王氏华颚螨Ｓ．ｗａｎｇａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,并列出了该科分属检索表。     

华西萤叶甲之一新属(鞘翅目:叶甲科)

本文记述的萤叶甲亚科新属外表颇似跳甲亚科的丝跳甲属Hespera,故名丝萤叶甲属Pseudespera。共有四个新种,其中两个采自湖北神农架林区,两个采自川西、滇北等地。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。