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1.
Milligan A.S. Daly A. Parry M.A.J. Lazzeri P.A. Jepson I. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2001,7(4):301-315
Maize (Zea mays), in common with a number of other important crop species, has several glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms that have been implicated in the detoxification of xenobiotics via glutathione conjugation. A cDNA encoding the maize GST subunit GST-27, under the control of a strong constitutive promoter, was introduced into explants of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines cv. Florida and L88-31 via particle bombardment, using the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene as a selectable marker. All six independent transgenic wheat lines recovered expressed the GST-27 gene. T1 progeny of these wheat lines were germinated on solid medium containing the chloroacetanilide herbicide alachlor, and tolerance to this herbicide was correlated with GST-27 expression levels. In glasshouse sprays, homozygous T2 plants were resistant not only to alachlor but also to the chloroacetanilide herbicide dimethenamid and the thiocarbamate herbicide EPTC. These additional GST-27 activities, demonstrated via over-expression in a heterologous host, have not been described previously. T2 plants showed no enhanced tolerance to the herbicides atrazine (an s-triazine) or oxyfluorfen (a diphenyl ether). In further experiments, T2 wheat plants were recovered from immature transgenic scutella cultured on medium containing 100 mg/l alachlor, a concentration which killed null segregant and wild-type scutella. These data indicate the potential of the maize GST-27 gene as a selectable marker in wheat transformation. 相似文献
2.
Allelic mutations in acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase confer herbicide tolerance in maize 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
L. C. Marshall D. A. Somers P. D. Dotray B. G. Gengenbach D. L. Wyse J. W. Gronwald 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1992,83(4):435-442
Summary The genetic relationship between acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2.) activity and herbicide tolerance was determined for five maize (Zea mays L.) mutants regenerated from tissue cultures selected for tolerance to the ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, sethoxydim and haloxyfop. Herbicide tolerance in each mutant was inherited as a partially dominant, nuclear mutation. Allelism tests indicated that the five mutations were allelic. Three distinguishable herbicide tolerance phenotypes were differentiated among the five mutants. Seedling tolerance to herbicide treatments cosegregated with reduced inhibition of seedling leaf ACCase activity by sethoxydim and haloxyfop demonstrating that alterations of ACCase conferred herbicide tolerance. Therefore, we propose that at least three, and possible five, new alleles of the maize ACCase structural gene (Acc1) were identified based on their differential response to sethoxydim and haloxyfop. The group represented by Acc1-S1, Acc1-S2 and Acc1-S3 alleles, which had similar phenotypes, exhibited tolerance to high rates of sethoxydim and haloxyfop. The Acc1-H1 allele lacked sethoxydim tolerance but was tolerant to haloxyfop, whereas the Acc1-H2 allele had intermediate tolerance to sethoxydim but was tolerant to haloxyfop. Differences in tolerance to the two herbicides among mutants homozygous for different Acc1 alleles suggested that sites on ACCase that interact with the different herbicides do not completely overlap. These mutations in maize ACCase should prove useful in characterization of the regulatory role of ACCase in fatty acid biosynthesis and in development of herbicide-tolerant maize germplasm.Cooperative investigation of the Minnesota Agriculture Experiment Station and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Supported in part by a grant from BASF Corporation and a University of Minnesota Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship to LCM. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. 19,056Mention of a trademark, vendor, or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by University of Minnesota or the USDA, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable 相似文献
3.
The production of extracellular xylanase by a locally isolated strain of Aspergillus tubingensis JP-1 was studied under solid-state fermentation. Among the various agro residues used wheat straw was found to be the best
for high yield of xylanase with poor cellulase production. The influence of various parameters such as initial pH, moisture,
moistening agents, nitrogen sources, additives, surfactants and pretreatment of substrates were investigated. The production
of the xylanase reached a peak in 8 days using untreated wheat straw with modified MS medium, pH 6.0 at 1:5 moisture level
at 30 °C. Under optimized conditions yield as high as 6,887 ± 16 U/g of untreated wheat straw was achieved. Crude xylanase
was used for enzymatic saccharification of agro-residues like wheat straw, rice bran, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse and industrial
paper pulp. Dilute alkali (1 N NaOH) and acid (1 N H2SO4) pretreatment were found to be beneficial for the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. Dilute alkali and acid-pretreated
wheat straw yielded 688 and 543 mg/g reducing sugar, respectively. Yield of 726 mg/g reducing sugar was obtained from paper
pulp after 48 h of incubation. 相似文献
4.
Survival and nitrogenase efficiency ofNostoc commune andN. austinii were evaluated monthly in four carrier materials (sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, wheat bran and peat) at 10, 30 and 40 °C.
Survival, as well as nitrogenase activity, of both species was much better in peat, followed by wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse
than in wheat straw at 10 and 30 °C up to three months, the activity ofN. commune being better thanN. austinii. None of the materials tested was found to be superior to peat as carrier ofNostoc species but the results indicated that wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse can be used as inoculant carriers with relative success.
Storage of inoculants in these carriers is feasible at 30 °C up to three months. 相似文献
5.
Summary Studies were conducted to evaluate the uptake of mercury by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. runar) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. marshal) growth on an oxisol with different levels of 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride (Aretan) and mercuric chloride. Dry matter and grain yields of wheat were little affected by either Aretan or mercuric chloride, although Aretan at 50 mg Hg/kg soil delayed germination by four to five days. Germination of beans grown with both compounds at the 50 mg Hg/kg soil failed completely, even after repeated sowing. Yields were somewhat, though not significantly, decreased by mercury chloride up to 5 mg Hg/kg soil.The concentration of Hg in wheat straw and grain increased significantly with increased levels of Aretan and HgCl2 application, with more Hg taken up by the plants grown with HgCl2 than with those grown with Aretan. Translocation of Hg to grain was greater in the plants grown with HgCl2.The concentration of Hg in bean straw, but not grain, increased significantly with increasing levels of Aretan and HgCl2 application, and was greater in plants grown with HgCl2. Translocation to grain was low, with little difference between plants grown with Aretan or HgCl2. 相似文献
6.
Out of 10 thermophilic fungi isolated from wheat straw, farm yard manure, and soil, only three showed highest cellobiase,
carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase, and FPase activities. They were identified as Aspergillus nidulans (Th4), Scytalidium thermophilum (Th5), and Humicola sp. (Th10). A fungal consortium of these three fungi was used to compost a mixture (1:1) of silica rich paddy straw and lignin rich
soybean trash. The composting of paddy straw for 3 months, during summer period in North India, resulted in a product with
C:N ratio 9.5:1, available phosphorus 0.042% and fungal biomass 6.512 mg of N-acetyl glucosamine/100 mg of compost. However, a C:N ratio of 10.2:1 and highest humus content of 3.3% was achieved with
1:1 mixture of paddy straw and soybean trash. The fungal consortium was effective in converting high silica paddy straw into
nutritionally rich compost thereby leading to economical and environment friendly disposal of this crop residue. 相似文献
7.
普通小球藻对嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的敏感性研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
通过96h的毒性实验,研究了普通小球藻对3种不同作用机制农田常用除草剂嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的敏感性.结果表明。在实验条件下,嗪草酮、甲草胺对普通小球藻的毒性随时间的推移有加重趋势。并呈现很好的剂量效应关系;最高抑制生长浓度(嗪草酮0.24mg·L^-1,甲草胺12.8mg·L^-1)处理组的最大比增长率分别为对照组的12.38%和31.58%;骠马低浓度对普通小球藻的抑制作用不明显,并呈一定的生长促进效应,0.08mg·L^-1浓度组普通小球藻最大比增长率为对照组的111.44%,而高浓度则具有明显的生长抑制作用,并随时间推移,毒性逐渐减弱.嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的96hEC50分别为0.021、0.937和5.54mg·L^-1.普通小球藻对嗪草酮最敏感。其次为骠马和甲草胺.3种除草剂在实验条件下对普通小球藻叶绿素a含量的影响和对普通小球藻生长的影响相似。表现出较好的剂量.效应关系. 相似文献
8.
Soil nitrogen heterogeneity in a Dehesa ecosystem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The C mineralization and N transformations during the decomposition of sunflower stalks (Helianthus annuus L.) and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) with and without addition of (NH4)2SO4 (27.53 atom% 15N) were studied in a Vertisol. Soil samples were incubated under aerobic conditions for 224 days at 22 °C. The plant residues
were added at a rate of 5.2 g kg-1 soil. Nitrogen was applied at a rate of 50.7 mg N kg-1 soil. Carbon dioxide emission and inorganic N content in soil were periodically determined. Gross N immobilization and remineralization
were calculated on the basis of the isotopic dilution technique. At the end of the incubation period a 15N balance was established. Respectively, 68 and 45% of the applied residue-C mineralized from the sunflower stalks and wheat
straw after 224 days. Both crop residues caused losses of up to 25% of added 15N after 224 days of incubation. These 15N losses were about three times larger than in the control soil, and were probably due to denitrification. The net immobilization
of soil derived N following residue incorporation was largest in the case of wheat straw, depleting all soil inorganic N.
In the wheat straw treatment with added (NH4)2SO4 soil inorganic N remained available, resulting in an enhanced initial C mineralization and N immobilization compared to the
treatment without added N. In the case of the sunflower stalks, the high inorganic N content of the stalks suppressed the
effects of N addition on C mineralization and N immobilization/mineralization. Gross N immobilization amounted to 31.9 and
28.2 mg N g-1 added C after 14 days for wheat straw and sunflower stalks, respectively. At the end of the incubation, about 35% of the
newly immobilized N was remineralized in both plant residue treatments. Gross N immobilization plotted against decomposed
C suggests that fairly uniform C-N relationships exist during the decomposition of divers C substrates. The results demonstrate
that low fertilizer N use efficiencies may be expected in a wheat-sunflower cropping system with incorporation of crop residues,
as the fertilizer N applied becomes largely immobilized in the soil organic fraction.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
G. Zervakis A. Philippoussis S. Ioannidou P. Diamantopoulou 《Folia microbiologica》2001,46(3):231-234
The influence of environmental parameters on mycelial linear growth ofPleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. pulmonarius, Agrocybe aegerita, Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea andAuricularia auricula-judae was determined in two different nutrient media in a wide range of temperature, forming the basis for the assessment of their
temperature optimaV. volvacea grew faster at 35°C,P. eryngii at 25°C,P. ostreatus andP. pulmonarius at 30°C,A. aegerita at 25 or 30°C andA. auricula-judae at 20 or 25°C depending on the nutrient medium used andL. edodes at 20 or 30°C depending on the strain examined. The mycelium extension rates were evaluated on seven mushroom cultivation
substrates: wheat straw, cotton gin-trash, peanut shells, poplar sawdust, oak sawdust, corn cobs and olive press-cake. The
mycelium extension rates (linear growth and colonization rates) were determined by the ‘race-tube’ technique, and were found
to be the highest on cotton gin-trash, peanut shells and poplar sawdust forPleurotus spp. andA. aegerita. Wheat straw, peanut shells and particularly cotton gin-trash supported fast growth ofV. volvacea, whereas wheat straw was the most suitable substrate forL. edodes andA. auricula-judae. Supplemented oak sawdust and olive press-cake were poor substrates for most species examined, white almost all strains performed
adequately on corn cobs. 相似文献
10.
Swine manure has a very high pollution potential and obnoxious odor. Large farms particularly are confronted with a manure disposal problem since environmentally acceptable solutions are now required by government regulations. Swine manure was found to be a good source of supplementary nutrients to ferment wheat straw into single-cell protein (SCP) with Chaetomium cellulolyticum when 0.13g (NH4)2SO4/g solid was used as an additional source of N. In batch fermentations, inhibitory effects, possibly due to soluble released from the straw during alkali or acid pretreatment, were overcome by starting the fermentation at about pH 7.0 and then reducing it to 5.0 during growth. An overall protein productivity of up to 66 mg/L h was obtained from a slurry mixture of 1% w/v solids of manure and straw. This compares favorably with 99 mg/L h when manure was fermented with glucose instead of straw as the main carbon source. A high protein productivity of 200 mg/L h was obtained from a slurry mixture containing anaerobically prefermented swine manure liquor and 1.5% w/v solids from straw. The final products of the manure and straw fermentations contained 25–30% DW crude protein and 6–20% DW cellulose and the materials were free of the original obnoxious odor and undesirable microbial contamination. 相似文献
11.
Slight increases in root length and dry matter production were measured in roots and shoots of Pisum sativum seedlings, when germinated seeds were grown for eight days in a controlled environment chamber, on Nitch nutrient solution
to which 10 mg L-1 soil humic acid (HA) had been added. A concentration of 100 mg L-1 of HA produced a small reduction in dry matter production of shoots. In the presence of herbicides, 10 mg L-1 cycluron or 100 mg L-1 prometone, root elongation and shoot growth was reduced by varying degrees with respect to the control. Nutrient solutions
containing 100 mg L-1 cycluron, 10 or 100 mg L-1 alachlor, or as little as 0.1 mg L-1 of 2,4-D resulted in an almost complete suppression of the growth of pea seedlings. The addition of 10 or 100 mg L-1 of HA to nutrient solution containing the herbicide was found to be either ineffective in enhancing growth, or even further
reduced growth, compared to samples grown in the presence of the herbicide alone. The results of this preliminary study suggest
that the generally accepted view that humic substances exert a positive effect on plant growth may not occur when humic substances
interact with herbicides. 相似文献
12.
A study was made of the effect of the herbicides 2,4-D, amitrole, atrazine, chlorsulfuron, diclofop-methyl, diquat, glyphosate,
paraquat and trifluralin on the nodulation of sub-clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. ‘Clare’), the growth ofR. trifolii TA1 in liquid nutrient medium and the ability of herbicide-treated inoculum to successfully nodulate sub-clover plants. As
concentrations of amitrole, diclofop-methyl and glyphosate in the rooting environment increased from 0 to 20 mg ai L−1, nodulation decreased linearly. The other herbicides at these concentrations caused more severe decreases in nodulation.
Growth ofR. trifolii TA1 in nutrient broth was significantly retarded by all concentrations of diquat, 2 mg ai L−1 of paraquat, 10 mg ai L−1 of glyphosate and 2 mg ai L−1 of chlorsulfuron. Other herbicides did not suppress rhizobial growth. Inoculation with TA1 that had been grown in the presence
of amitrole, atrazine or glyphosate and then washed free of the herbicide decreased nodulation of sub-clover, indicating that
these herbicides may physiologically influence the nodulating potential of certain strains of Rhizobium. The remaining herbicides
showed no indications of this effect. 相似文献
13.
H. A. H. Hasan 《Folia microbiologica》1998,43(4):383-391
Commercial roasted salted peanuts (3% NaCl), popcorn (1% NaCl), summer-squash (9% NaCl), sunflower (3% NaCl) and wild-melon
(3% NaCl) seeds are polluted with fungi, mostlyAspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. corylophilum andRhizopus stolonifer. Contamination of popcorn with the fungi is about 10 times higher than in the other foods. These fungi, common also on unsalted
seeds, are significantly inhibited in seeds (30% moisture content) treated with 9–21% NaCl. The halotolerantA. wentii represents the main fungus recovered from seeds treated by 15–21% NaCl. 9% NaCl stimulated emodin production byA. wentii on peanut and citrinin production byP. chrysogenum on popcorn and sunflower. Aflatoxin, citrinin and emodin production on popcorn persisted up to 15% NaCl. Popcorn is thus
strongly susceptible to fungal invasion and toxin pollution. The halotolerance ofA. wentii was confirmed by its strong permanent growth in liquid medium at up to 15% NaCl. At 3% NaCl the mycelial growth and nitrogen
content increased while the level of emodin and lipid production decreased. CO2 evolution strongly increased at 9–15% NaCl as a characteristic ofA. wentii salt tolerance. Emodin inhibited seed viability and the inhibition dose for 50% reduction (LD50) was 65 mg/L for popcorn and 45 mg/L for sunflower. 相似文献
14.
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide, ozone and water availability on spring wheat growth and yield 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Håkan Pleijel Johanna Gelang Ebe Sild Helena Danielsson Suhaila Younis Per-Erik Karlsson Göran Wallin Lena Skärby Gun Selldén 《Physiologia plantarum》2000,108(1):61-70
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dragon) was exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), alone (1995) or in combination with two levels of increased ozone (O3) (1994) or increased irrigation (1996) during three successive growing seasons as part of the EU ESPACE‐wheat programme and conducted in open‐top chambers (OTCs) and ambient air (AA) plots at Östad, 50 km north‐east of Göteborg, Sweden. Doubling the CO2 concentration had a positive effect on grain yield in all 3 years (+21, +7 and +11%, respectively), although only statistically significant in 1994. That year was characterised by a warm and dry summer in comparison with 1995 and 1996, in which the summers were more humid and typical for south‐west Sweden. In 1994, the CO2‐induced increase in grain yield was associated with an increase in the duration of the green leaf area, a positive effect on straw yield and on the number of ears per square metre and a negative effect (?13%) on grain protein concentration. Harvest index was unaffected by the elevated CO2 concentration. The only statistically significant effect of elevated CO2 in 1995 was a decrease in the grain protein concentration (?11% in both CO2 concentrations), and in 1996 an increase (+21%) in the straw yield. In 1996 the soil water potential was less negative in elevated CO2, which is likely to reflect a lower water consumption of these plants. Addition of extra O3 significantly affected the grain yield (?6 and ?10%, respectively) and the 1 000‐grain weight negatively (?3 and ?6%). Statistically significant interactions between CO2 and O3 were obtained for the number of ears per unit area and for the 1 000‐grain weight. The 1 000‐grain weight was negatively affected by O3 in low CO2, but remained unaffected in the high CO2 treatment. There was a significant decrease (?6%) in the grain protein concentration induced by elevated irrigation. The chambers, compared with AA plots, had a positive effect on plant development and on grain yield in all 3 years. 相似文献
15.
Xiaoyan Liu Jinshun Lv Tong Zhang Yuanfang Deng 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2013,43(8):825-835
In this study, crude cellulase produced by Trichoderma reesei Rut-30 was used to hydrolyze pretreated straw. After the compositions of the hydrolysate of pretreated straw were optimized, the study showed that natural components of pretreated straw without addition of any other components such as (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4, or Mg2+ were suitable for citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica SWJ-1b, and the optimal ventilatory capacity was 10.0 L/min/L medium. Batch and fed-batch production of citric acid from the hydrolysate of pretreated straw by Yarrowia lipolytica SWJ-1b has been investigated. In the batch cultivation, 25.4 g/L and 26.7 g/L citric acid were yields from glucose and hydrolysate of straw cellulose, respectively, while the cultivation time was 120 hr. In the three-cycle fed-batch cultivation, citric acid (CA) production was increased to 42.4 g/L and the cultivation time was extended to 240 hr. However, iso-citric acid (ICA) yield in fed-batch cultivation (4.0 g/L) was similar to that during the batch cultivation (3.9 g/L), and only 1.6 g/L of reducing sugar was left in the medium at the end of fed-batch cultivation, suggesting that most of the added carbon was used in the cultivation. 相似文献
16.
Summary Uniformly14C labelled glucose, cellulose and wheat straw and specifically14C labelled lignin component in corn stalks were aerobically incubated for 12 weeks in a chernozem soil alongwith15N labelled ammonium sulphate. Glucose was most readily decomposed, followed in order by cellulose, wheat straw and corn stalk lignins labelled at methoxyl-, side chain 2-and ring-C. More than 50% of14C applied as glucose, cellulose and wheat straw evolved as CO2 during the first week. Lignin however, decomposed relatively slowly. A higher proportion of14C was transformed into microbial biomass whereas lignins contributed a little to this fraction.After 12 weeks of incubation nearly 60% of the lignin14C was found in humic compounds of which more than 70% was resistant to hydrolysis with 6N HCl. Maximum incorporation of15N in humic compounds was observed in cellulose amended soil. However, in this case more than 80% of the15N was in hydrolysable forms.Immobilization-remineralization of applied15N was most rapid in glucose treated soil and a complete immobilization followed by remineralization was observed after 3 days. The process was much slow in soil treated with cellulose, wheat straw or corn stalks. More than 70% of the newly immobilized N was in hydrolysable forms mainly reepresenting the microbial component.Serial hydrolysis of soil at different incubation intervals showed a greater proportion of 6N HCl hydrolysable14C and15N in fractions representing microbial material.14C from lignin carbons was relatively more uniformly distributed in different fractions as compared to glucose, cellulose and wheat straw where a major portion of14C was in easily hydrolysable fractions. 相似文献
17.
C. Acebal R. Arche M. P. Castillon P. Estrada D. Romero 《Engineering in Life Science》1988,8(4):341-348
In this paper we studied the conditions for the production of β-glucosidase from T. reesei QM9414 in batch cultures using milled and sieved wheat straw as sole carbon source. High β-glucosidase production in the presence of wheat straw, a more realistic substrate than commercial cellulose, was obtained. The influence of particle size of wheat straw on β-glucosidase production in cell-free, cell and cell-wall extracts was studied. The particle size of wheat straw notably influenced enzyme production in cell and extramycelial extracts but it was less important with respect to the cell wall bound enzyme. β-glucosidase production was studied along of the fermentation. The results suggest a close relation between β-glucosidase from cell extract and extramycelial broth; geneticin levels of inhibition of β-glucosidase biosynthesis in both fractions were similar, a fact that suggests a common origin for the enzyme. Kinetic parameters for β-glucosidase from cell free and cell extracts were Vmax = 0.28 μmol/min/mg, KM = 0.91 mM and Vmax = 0.095 μmol/min/mg, KM = 0.39 mM respectively. Kinetic parameters for β-glucosidase from cell-wall could not be calculated because experimental data did not fit the different monosubstrate equations. 相似文献
18.
Pichia (Hansenula) ciferri Y-1031 grown in the presence of 25–100 mg fumonisin B1/L for 4–5 days accumulated sphingolipids as evident in the centrifuged cells and extracellular particles (c/p fraction). The c/p fraction of fumonisin-treated (100 mg/L) cultures elicited a 15-fold increase ofN-acetyldihydrosphingosine and 31-fold increase of combinedN-acetylphytosphingosine and phytosphingosine over those from untreated cultures. During exponential growth of 1 day, fumonisin-treated cultures appeared to transfer sphingolipid bases into the medium (22 mg/L) rather than into the c/p (2 mg) fraction. Upon saponification, a residue from the c/p fraction contained 440 mg of additional, unknown polar lipids per liter that was not sphingolipid (14 mg/L). 相似文献
19.
We have developed and optimized a single-batch process for the production of ethanol from wheat straw employing the fungusTrichoderma viride and the yeastPachysolen tannophylus. T. viride andAspergillus niger were examined for their ability to produce fermentable sugars from cellulosic waste materials, e.g. different kinds of straw and wood waste.T. viride most efficiently saccharified delignified wheat straw within 3 days at 25–30°C with a yield of reducing sugars of 27 g from 50 g delignified wheat straw. The resulting wheat straw hydrolysates contained xylose and glucose in a 1:1.6 molar ratio. After heat inactivation of fungal activities the sugars were converted to ethanol by the oxygen-tolerant yeastP. tannophylus in the same batch. Under the optimized conditions developed (all weights are per liter) 70 g natural untreated wheat straw (100%) yielded 50 g delignified straw (71.4%), which was saccharified to 27 g reducing sugars (38.6%). Fermentation of the sugars yielded 11.8 g ethanol (16.9%) and followed the molar equation: 1 xylose + 1.6 glucose 5.3 ethanol + 5.6 CO2. 相似文献
20.
Wei Wang Zhen-Jiang Zhao Yufang Xu Xuhong Qian Jian-Jiang Zhong 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2005,10(2):162-165
A series of fluorine and hydroxyl containing jasmonate derivatives, which were chemically synthesized in our institute, were
investigated for their effects on the biosynthesis and heterogeneity of ginsenosides in suspension cultures ofPanax notoginseng cells. Compared to the control (without addition of elicitors), 100 μM of each of the jasmonate was added on day 4 to the
suspension cultures ofP. notoginseng cells. It was observed that, jasmonates greatly enhanced the ginsenoside content and the ratio of Rb group to Rg group (i.e. (Rb1+Rd)/(Rg1+Re)) in theP. notoginseng cells. Some of the synthetic jasmonates, such as pentafluoropropyl jasmonate (PFPJA), 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate (HEJA) and
2-hydroxyethoxyethyl jasmonate (HEEJA), could promote the ginsenoside content to 2.55±0.11, 3.65±0.13 and 2.94±0.06 mg/100
mg DW, respectively, compared to that of 0.64±0.06 mg/100 mg DW for the control and 2.17±0.04 mg/100 mg DW by the commercially
available methyl jasmonate (MJA); and they could change the respective Rb: Rg ratio to 1.60±0.04, 1.87±0.01 and 1.56±0.05,
compared to that of 0.47±0.01 for the control and 1.42±0.06 by MJA. The results suggest that suitable esterification of MJA
with fluorine or hydroxyl group could increase the elicitation activity to induce plant secondary metabolism. The information
obtained from this study is useful for hyper-production of heterogeneous products by plant cell cultures. 相似文献