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1.
Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In response to stimulation, Ca2+ increase in a single cell can propagate to neighbouring cells through gap junctions, as intercellular Ca2+ waves. To investigate the mechanisms underlying Ca2+ wave propagation between smooth muscle cells, we used primary cultured rat mesenteric smooth muscle cells (pSMCs). Cells were aligned with the microcontact printing technique and a single pSMC was locally stimulated by mechanical stimulation or by microejection of KCl. Mechanical stimulation evoked two distinct Ca2+ waves: (1) a fast wave (2 mm/s) that propagated to all neighbouring cells, and (2) a slow wave (20 μm/s) that was spatially limited in propagation. KCl induced only fast Ca2+ waves of the same velocity as the mechanically induced fast waves. Inhibition of gap junctions, voltage-operated calcium channels, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and ryanodine receptors, shows that the fast wave was due to gap junction mediated membrane depolarization and subsequent Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, whereas, the slow wave was due to Ca2+ release primarily through IP3 receptors. Altogether, these results indicate that temporally and spatially distinct mechanisms allow intercellular communication between SMCs. In intact arteries this may allow fine tuning of vessel tone. 相似文献
2.
Ronny Fransson Pierluigi Nicotera Lars Wärng»ardi Ulf G. Ahlborg 《Cell biology and toxicology》1990,6(2):235-244
Recent studies have demonstrated that the insecticide DDT is a tumor promoting agent. Similar to many other tumor promoting agents, DDT has been shown to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between cells in culture, and it has been suggested that DDT-induced loss of communication between adjacent cells may depend on changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In the present study, the role of[Ca2+]i in DDT-induced loss of GJIC was investigated in WB-F344 rat liver cells using the scrape-loading/dye transfer assay (SLDT) and the Ca2+ fourescent indicator, furà-2. Our results show that DDT at non-cytotoxic concentrations caused a reversible loss of GJIC. Inhibition of GJIC was not associated with detectable increases in [Ca2+]i, and was not prevented by loading cells with the intracellular Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA. In addition, the hydroquinone, tBuBHQ, which caused a 2+3 fold sustained increase in [Ca2+]i, did not inhibit GJIC. Conversely, when untreated cells were loaded with increasing BAPTA concentrations, GJIC were lost. These results indicate that increases in [Ca2+]i are not responsible for DDT-induced loss of communication and that, in general an increase in [Ca2+]i, within physiological levels is not sufficient to abolish GJIC. However, Ca2+-dependent processes that are active at normal resting [Ca2+
i appear to be required for the maintenance of GJIC.Abbreviations [Ca2+]
cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration
- GJIC
gap junctional intercellular communication
- SLDT
scrape-loading/dye transfer assay
- DDT
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane
- tBuBHQ
2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone
- LDH
lactate dehydrogenase
- ER
endoplasmic reticulum
- Fura-2
1-[2-(5carboxyoxazol-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxyl]-2-(2amino-5-methylphenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid
- BAPTA
bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N,N-tetraaceticacid
- Fura-2/AM and BAPTA/AM
are the cell permeant acetoxymethyl ester forms of fura-2 and BAPTA, respectively 相似文献
3.
《Cell communication & adhesion》2013,20(2):25-37
AbstractIntercellular Ca2 + wave propagation between vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is associated with the propagation of contraction along the vessel. Here, we characterize the involvement of gap junctions (GJs) in Ca2 + wave propagation between SMCs at the cellular level. Gap junctional communication was assessed by the propagation of intercellular Ca2 + waves and the transfer of Lucifer Yellow in A7r5 cells, primary rat mesenteric SMCs (pSMCs), and 6B5N cells, a clone of A7r5 cells expressing higher connexin43 (Cx43) to Cx40 ratio. Mechanical stimulation induced an intracellular Ca2 + wave in pSMC and 6B5N cells that propagated to neighboring cells, whereas Ca2 + waves in A7r5 cells failed to progress to neighboring cells. We demonstrate that Cx43 forms the functional GJs that are involved in mediating intercellular Ca2 + waves and that co-expression of Cx40 with Cx43, depending on their expression ratio, may interfere with Cx43 GJ formation, thus altering junctional communication. 相似文献
4.
Growth inhibition in G(1) and altered expression of cyclin D1 and p27(kip-1 )after forced connexin expression in lung and liver carcinoma cells 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Koffler L Roshong S Kyu Park I Cesen-Cummings K Thompson DC Dwyer-Nield LD Rice P Mamay C Malkinson AM Ruch RJ 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2000,79(3):347-354
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin expression are frequently decreased in neoplasia and may contribute to defective growth control and loss of differentiated functions. GJIC, in E9 mouse lung carcinoma cells and WB-aB1 neoplastic rat liver epithelial cells, was elevated by forced expression of the gap junction proteins, connexin43 (Cx43) and connexin32 (Cx32), respectively. Transfection of Cx43 into E9 cells increased fluorescent dye-coupling in the transfected clones, E9-2 and E9-3, to levels comparable to the nontransformed sibling cell line, E10, from which E9 cells originated. Transduction of Cx32 into WB-aB1 cells also increased dye-coupling in the clone, WB-a/32-10, to a level that was comparable to the nontransformed sibling cell line, WB-F344. The cell cycle distribution was also affected as a result of forced connexin expression. The percentage of cells in G(1)-phase increased and the percentage in S-phase decreased in E9-2 and WB-a/32-10 cells as compared to E9 and WB-aB1 cells. Concomitantly, these cells exhibited changes in G(1)-phase cell cycle regulators. E9-2 and WB-a/32-10 cells expressed significantly less cyclin D1 and more p27(kip-1) protein than E9 and WB-aB1 cells. Other growth-related properties (expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta, epidermal growth factor receptor, protein kinase C-alpha, protein kinase A regulatory subunit-Ialpha, and production of nitric oxide in response to a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines) were minimally altered or unaffected. Thus, enhancement of connexin expression and GJIC in neoplastic mouse lung and rat liver epithelial cells restored G(1) growth control. This was associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of p27(kip-1), but not with changes in other growth-related functions. 相似文献
5.
Catheleyne D'hondt Bernard Himpens Geert Bultynck 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2013,(77)
Intercellular communication is essential for the coordination of physiological processes between cells in a variety of organs and tissues, including the brain, liver, retina, cochlea and vasculature. In experimental settings, intercellular Ca2+-waves can be elicited by applying a mechanical stimulus to a single cell. This leads to the release of the intracellular signaling molecules IP3 and Ca2+ that initiate the propagation of the Ca2+-wave concentrically from the mechanically stimulated cell to the neighboring cells. The main molecular pathways that control intercellular Ca2+-wave propagation are provided by gap junction channels through the direct transfer of IP3 and by hemichannels through the release of ATP. Identification and characterization of the properties and regulation of different connexin and pannexin isoforms as gap junction channels and hemichannels are allowed by the quantification of the spread of the intercellular Ca2+-wave, siRNA, and the use of inhibitors of gap junction channels and hemichannels. Here, we describe a method to measure intercellular Ca2+-wave in monolayers of primary corneal endothelial cells loaded with Fluo4-AM in response to a controlled and localized mechanical stimulus provoked by an acute, short-lasting deformation of the cell as a result of touching the cell membrane with a micromanipulator-controlled glass micropipette with a tip diameter of less than 1 μm. We also describe the isolation of primary bovine corneal endothelial cells and its use as model system to assess Cx43-hemichannel activity as the driven force for intercellular Ca2+-waves through the release of ATP. Finally, we discuss the use, advantages, limitations and alternatives of this method in the context of gap junction channel and hemichannel research. 相似文献
6.
A novel form of cellular communication among thymic epithelial cells: intercellular calcium wave propagation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nihei OK Campos de Carvalho AC Spray DC Savino W Alves LA 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2003,285(5):C1304-C1313
We here describe intercellular calcium waves as a novel form of cellular communication among thymic epithelial cells. We first characterized the mechanical induction of intercellular calcium waves in different thymic epithelial cell preparations: cortical 1-4C18 and medullary 3-10 thymic epithelial cell lines and primary cultures of thymic "nurse" cells. All thymic epithelial preparations responded with intercellular calcium wave propagation after mechanical stimulation. In general, the propagation efficacy of intercellular calcium waves in these cells was high, reaching 80-100% of the cells within a given confocal microscopic field, with a mean velocity of 6-10 µm/s and mean amplitude of 1.4- to 1.7-fold the basal calcium level. As evaluated by heptanol and suramin treatment, our results suggest the participation of both gap junctions and P2 receptors in the propagation of intercellular calcium waves in thymic nurse cells and the more prominent participation of gap junctions in thymic epithelial cell lines. Finally, in cocultures, the transmission of intercellular calcium wave was not observed between the mechanically stimulated thymic epithelial cell and adherent thymocytes, suggesting that intercellular calcium wave propagation is limited to thymic epithelial cells and does not affect the neighboring thymocytes. In conclusion, these data describe for the first time intercellular calcium waves in thymic epithelial cells and the participation of both gap junctions and P2 receptors in their propagation. gap junctions; connexin43; P2 receptors; intercellular communication 相似文献
7.
Procházka L Turánek J Tesarík R Knotigová P Polásková P Andrysík Z Kozubík A Zák F Sova P Neuzil J Machala M 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2007,462(1):54-61
A new hydrophobic platinum(IV) complex, LA-12, a very efficient anticancer drug lacking cross-resistance with cisplatin (CDDP), is now being tested in clinical trials. Here we investigated the apoptogenic activity of LA-12 and its effect on gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344. LA-12 induced apoptosis much more efficiently than did CDDP due to a combination of rapid penetration into the cell and attack on DNA, leading to fast activation of p53 and caspase-3. Exposure of WB-F344 cells to LA-12 led to rapid induction of the time- and dose-dependent decrease in GJIC. On the molecular level, loss of GJIC induced by LA-12 was mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1 and ERK-2, as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors of ERK activation. Inhibition of GJIC was linked to rapid hyperphosphorylation of connexin-43 and disappearance of connexon clusters from membranes, which was not observed in the case of CDDP. 相似文献
8.
R. Malhó 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》1998,353(1374):1463
Many signals that modify plant cell growth and development initiate changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+. The subsequent movement of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is thought to take place via waves of free Ca2+. These waves may be initiated at defined regions of the cell and movement requires release from a reticulated endoplasmic reticulum and the vacuole. The mechanism of wave propagation is outlined and the possible basis of repetitive reticulum wave formation, Ca2+ oscillations and capacitative Ca2+ signalling is discussed. Evidence for the presence of Ca2+ waves in plant cells is outlined, and from studies on raphides it is suggested that the capabilities for capacitative Ca2+ signalling are also present. The paper finishes with an outline of the possible interrelation between Ca2+ waves and organelles and describes the intercellular movement of Ca2+ waves and the relevance of such information communication to plant development. 相似文献
9.
Isolated and cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes contract spontaneously and cyclically. The intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ also changes rhythmically in association with the rhythmic contraction of myocytes (Ca2+ oscillation). Both the contraction and Ca2+ oscillatory rhythms are synchronized among myocytes, and intercellular communication via gap junctions has been considered primarily responsible for the synchronization. However, a recent study has demonstrated that intercellular communication via extracellular ATP‐purinoceptor signaling is also involved in the intercellular synchronization of intracellular Ca2+ oscillation. In this study, we aim to elucidate whether the concentration of extracellular ATP changes cyclically and contributes to the intercellular synchronization of Ca2+ oscillation among myocytes. In almost all the cultured cardiac myocytes at four days in vitro (4 DIV), intracellular Ca2+ oscillations were synchronized with each other. The simultaneous measurement of the concentration of extracellular ATP and intracellular Ca2+ revealed the extracellular concentration of ATP actually oscillated concurrently with the intracellular Ca2+ oscillation. In addition, power spectrum and cross‐correlation analyses suggested that the treatment of cultured cardiac myocytes with suramin, a blocker of P2 purinoceptors, resulted in the asynchronization of Ca2+ oscillatory rhythms among cardiac myocytes. Treatment with suramin also resulted in a significant decrease in the amplitudes of the cyclic changes in both intracellular Ca2+ and extracellular ATP. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the possibility that the concentration of extracellular ATP changes cyclically in association with intracellular Ca2+, contributing to the intercellular synchronization of Ca2+ oscillation among cultured cardiac myocytes. 相似文献
10.
Resveratrol reverses tumor-promoter-induced inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular communication 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The naturally occurring stilbene/alexin trans-resveratrol (trans-3,5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a promising agent for the prevention of cancer. We investigated the effect of resveratrol on gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells because inhibition of GJIC is an important mechanism of tumor promotion. Seventeen to 50 microM resveratrol increased GJIC significantly by a factor of 1.3 compared with solvent vehicle controls, when the WB-F344 cells were exposed to resveratrol for 6 h. Most tumor promoters, including the phorbol ester TPA and the insecticide DDT, block GJIC. Resveratrol at 17-50 microM also significantly prevented down-regulation of GJIC by TPA and DDT, by a factor of 2.7 and 1.8, respectively. This recovery of GJIC from TPA inhibition was partly correlated with hindered hyperphosphorylation of Cx43. In conclusion, resveratrol was found to enhance GJIC and counteract the effects of tumor promoters on GJIC, and this is likely a mechanism that contributes to the antipromotional and anticarcinogenic properties of resveratrol. 相似文献
11.
Intercellular Ca2+ waves can coordinate the action of large numbers of cells over significant distances. Recent work in many different systems
has indicated that the release of ATP is fundamental for the propagation of most Ca2+ waves. In the organ of hearing, the cochlea, ATP release is involved in critical signalling events during tissue maturation.
ATP-dependent signalling is also implicated in the normal hearing process and in sensing cochlear damage. Here, we show that
two distinct Ca2+ waves are triggered during damage to cochlear explants. Both Ca2+ waves are elicited by extracellular ATP acting on P2 receptors, but they differ in their source of Ca2+, their velocity, their extent of spread and the cell type through which they propagate. A slower Ca2+ wave (14 μm/s) communicates between Deiters’ cells and is mediated by P2Y receptors and Ca2+ release from IP3-sensitive stores. In contrast, a faster Ca2+ wave (41 μm/s) propagates through sensory hair cells and is mediated by Ca2+ influx from the external environment. Using inhibitors and selective agonists of P2 receptors, we suggest that the faster
Ca2+ wave is mediated by P2X4 receptors. Thus, in complex tissues, the expression of different receptors determines the propagation of distinct intercellular
communication signals. 相似文献
12.
Loss of intercellular communication via gap junctions has been correlated with progression of cells to a malignant phenotype. Here, we show that peroxynitrite, a mediator of toxicity in inflammatory processes, diminishes gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells, assayed by the scrapeloading dye-transfer technique as well as by microinjection of a fluorescent dye into single cells. Exposure of cultured cells to a steady-state concentration of peroxynitrite of 1.6 microM for 4 min or to 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) at 0.5 mM strongly diminished GJIC. These concentrations of peroxynitrite or SIN-1 were not cytotoxic. When cells were grown in a medium supplemented with sodium selenite (0.1-1 microM) for 72 h, substantial protection was afforded against the decrease in GJIC by peroxynitrite. Thus, peroxynitrite can disrupt GJIC, and selenium-containing proteins protect. 相似文献
13.
Vondrácek J Svihálková-Sindlerová L Pencíková K Krcmár P Andrysík Z Chramostová K Marvanová S Valovicová Z Kozubík A Gábelová A Machala M 《Mutation research》2006,596(1-2):43-56
Immature liver progenitor cells have been suggested to be an important target of hepatotoxins and hepatocarcinogens. The goal of the present study was to assess the impact of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) and its tissue-specific carcinogenic N-methyl (N-MeDBC) and 5,9-dimethyl (DiMeDBC) derivatives on rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells, in vitro model of liver progenitor cells. We investigated the cellular events associated with both tumor initiation and promotion, such as activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), changes in expression of enzymes involved in metabolic activation of DBC and its derivatives, effects on cell cycle, cell proliferation/apoptosis and inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). N-MeDBC, a tissue-specific sarcomagen, was only a weak inhibitor of GJIC or inducer of AhR-mediated activity, and it did not affect either cell proliferation or apoptosis. DBC was efficient GJIC inhibitor, while DiMeDBC manifested the strongest AhR inducing activity. Accordingly, DiMeDBC was also the most potent inducer of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1A2 expression among the three compounds tested. Both DBC and DiMeDBC induced expression of CYP1B1 and aldo-keto reductase 1C9 (AKR1C9). N-MeDBC failed to significantly upregulate CYP1A1/2 and it only moderately increased CYP1B1 or AKR1C9. Only the potent liver carcinogens, DBC and DiMeDBC, caused a significant increase of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, an increased accumulation of cells in S-phase and apoptosis at micromolar concentrations. In addition, DiMeDBC was found to stimulate cell proliferation of contact-inhibited WB-F344 cells at 1 microM concentration, which is a mode of action that might further contribute to its hepatocarcinogenicity. The present data seem to suggest that the AhR activation, induction of enzymes involved in metabolic activation, inhibition of GJIC or stimulation of cell proliferation might all contribute to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of DBC and DiMeDBC. 相似文献
14.
《Biophysical journal》2020,118(5):1196-1204
Intercellular bridges are plasma continuities formed at the end of the cytokinesis process that facilitate intercellular mass transport between the two daughter cells. However, it remains largely unknown how the intercellular bridge mediates Ca2+ communication between postmitotic cells. In this work, we utilize BV-2 microglial cells planted on dumbbell-shaped micropatterned assemblies to resolve spatiotemporal characteristics of Ca2+ signal transfer over the intercellular bridges. With the use of such micropatterns, considerably longer and more regular intercellular bridges can be obtained than in conventional cell cultures. The initial Ca2+ signal is evoked by mechanical stimulation of one of the daughter cells. A considerable time delay is observed between the arrivals of passive Ca2+ diffusion and endogenous Ca2+ response in the intercellular-bridge-connected cell, indicating two different pathways of the Ca2+ communication. Extracellular Ca2+ and the paracrine pathway have practically no effect on the endogenous Ca2+ response, demonstrated by application of Ca2+-free medium, exogenous ATP, and P2Y13 receptor antagonist. In contrast, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor blocker 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate significantly inhibit the endogenous Ca2+ increase, which signifies involvement of IP3-sensitive calcium store release. Notably, passive Ca2+ diffusion into the connected cell can clearly be detected when IP3-sensitive calcium store release is abolished by 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate. Those observations prove that both passive Ca2+ diffusion and IP3-mediated endogenous Ca2+ response contribute to the Ca2+ increase in intercellular-bridge-connected cells. Moreover, a simulation model agreed well with the experimental observations. 相似文献
15.
Godin LM Suzuki S Jacobs CR Donahue HJ Donahue SW 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2007,6(6):391-398
An early response to mechanical stimulation of bone cells in vitro is an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca
2+]i). This study analyzed the [Ca
2+]i wave area, magnitude, duration, rise time, fall time, and time to onset in individual osteoblasts for two identical bouts
of mechanical stimulation separated by a 30-min rest period. The area under the [Ca
2+]i wave increased in the second loading bout compared to the first. This suggests that rest periods may potentiate mechanically
induced intracellular calcium signals. Furthermore, many of the [Ca
2+]i wave parameters were strongly, positively correlated between the two bouts of mechanical stimulation. For example, in individual
primary osteoblasts, if a cell had a large [Ca
2+]i wave area in the first bout it was likely to have a large [Ca
2+]i wave area in the second bout (r
2 = 0.933). These findings support the idea that individual bone cells have “calcium fingerprints” (i.e., a unique [Ca
2+]i wave profile that is reproducible for repeated exposure to a given stimulus). 相似文献
16.
Mechanosensitivity and intercellular communication in HOBIT osteoblastic cells: a possible role for gap junction hemichannels 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mechanically induced intercellular Ca2+ signalling was investigated in differentiated HOBIT osteoblastic cells. HOBIT cells express connexin43 clustered at the cell-to-cell boundary and display functional intercellular coupling assessed by intercellular transfer of Lucifer yellow. Mechanical stimulation of single cells, besides leading to an intracellular Ca2+ rise, induced a wave of increased Ca2+ that was radially propagated to surrounding cells. Treatment of cells with thapsigargin blocked mechanically induced signal propagation. Intercellular Ca2+ spreading was inhibited by 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, demonstrating the involvement of gap junctions in signal propagation. Suramin and apyrase decreased the extent of wave propagation, suggesting that ATP-mediated paracrine stimulation contribute to cell-to-cell signalling. The functional expression of gap-junctional hemichannels was evidenced in experiments of Mn2+ quenching, extracellular dye uptake and intracellular Ca2+ release, activated by uptake of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate from the external medium. Gap-junctional hemichannels were activated by low extracellular Ca2+ concentrations and inhibited by 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid. 相似文献
17.
Communication between vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) allows control of their contraction and so regulation of blood flow. The contractile state of SMCs is regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) which propagates as Ca2+ waves over a significant distance along the vessel. We have characterized an intercellular ultrafast Ca2+ wave observed in cultured A7r5 cell line and in primary cultured SMCs (pSMCs) from rat mesenteric arteries. This wave, induced by local mechanical or local KCl stimulation, had a velocity around 15 mm/s. Combining of precise alignment of cells with fast Ca2+ imaging and intracellular membrane potential recording, allowed us to analyze rapid [Ca2+]i dynamics and membrane potential events along the network of cells. The rate of [Ca2+]i increase along the network decreased with distance from the stimulation site. Gap junctions or voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) inhibition suppressed the ultrafast Ca2+ wave. Mechanical stimulation induced a membrane depolarization that propagated and that decayed exponentially with distance. Our results demonstrate that an electrotonic spread of membrane depolarization drives a rapid Ca2+ entry from the external medium through VOCCs, modeled as an ultrafast Ca2+ wave. This wave may trigger and drive slower Ca2+ waves observed ex vivo and in vivo. 相似文献
18.
In the cochlea, cell damage triggers intercellular Ca2+ waves that propagate through the glial-like supporting cells that surround receptor hair cells. These Ca2+ waves are thought to convey information about sensory hair cell-damage to the surrounding supporting cells within the cochlear epithelium. Mitochondria are key regulators of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), and yet little is known about their role during the propagation of such intercellular Ca2+ signalling. Using neonatal rat cochlear explants and fluorescence imaging techniques, we explore how mitochondria modulate supporting cell [Ca2+]cyt signals that are triggered by ATP or by hair cell damage. ATP application (0.1–50 μM) caused a dose dependent increase in [Ca2+]cyt which was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial calcium. Blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential using CCCP and oligomycin or using Ru360, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, enhanced the peak amplitude and duration of ATP-induced [Ca2+]cyt transients. In the presence of Ru360, the mean propagation velocity, amplitude and extent of spread of damage-induced intercellular Ca2+ waves was significantly increased. Thus, mitochondria function as spatial Ca2+ buffers during agonist-evoked [Ca2+]cyt signalling in cochlear supporting cells and play a significant role in regulating the spatio-temporal properties of intercellular Ca2+ waves. 相似文献
19.
Iina Vainio Amna Abu Khamidakh Michelangelo Paci Heli Skottman Kati Juuti-Uusitalo Jari Hyttinen Soile Nymark 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Objective
Computational models of calcium (Ca2+) signaling have been constructed for several cell types. There are, however, no such models for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Our aim was to construct a Ca2+ signaling model for RPE based on our experimental data of mechanically induced Ca2+ wave in the in vitro model of RPE, the ARPE-19 monolayer.Methods
We combined six essential Ca2+ signaling components into a model: stretch-sensitive Ca2+ channels (SSCCs), P2Y2 receptors, IP3 receptors, ryanodine receptors, Ca2+ pumps, and gap junctions. The cells in our epithelial model are connected to each other to enable transport of signaling molecules. Parameterization was done by tuning the above model components so that the simulated Ca2+ waves reproduced our control experimental data and data where gap junctions were blocked.Results
Our model was able to explain Ca2+ signaling in ARPE-19 cells, and the basic mechanism was found to be as follows: 1) Cells near the stimulus site are likely to conduct Ca2+ through plasma membrane SSCCs and gap junctions conduct the Ca2+ and IP3 between cells further away. 2) Most likely the stimulated cell secretes ligand to the extracellular space where the ligand diffusion mediates the Ca2+ signal so that the ligand concentration decreases with distance. 3) The phosphorylation of the IP3 receptor defines the cell’s sensitivity to the extracellular ligand attenuating the Ca2+ signal in the distance.Conclusions
The developed model was able to simulate an array of experimental data including drug effects. Furthermore, our simulations predict that suramin may interfere ligand binding on P2Y2 receptors or accelerate P2Y2 receptor phosphorylation, which may partially be the reason for Ca2+ wave attenuation by suramin. Being the first RPE Ca2+ signaling model created based on experimental data on ARPE-19 cell line, the model offers a platform for further modeling of native RPE functions. 相似文献20.
Lovastatin, an inhibitor of cellular cholesterol synthesis, has an apparent anti-cancer property, but the detailed mechanisms
of its anti-cancer effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the molecular mechanism of Lovastatin anti-tumor function
through the study of its effect on membrane ion flow, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and the pathways
of related signals in MCF-7 mammary cancer cells. After treatment for 24–72 h with 4, 8 or 16 μmol/L Lovastatin, cellular
proliferation was examined via the MTT assay, and changes in membrane potential and cellular [Ca2+]i were monitored using confocal laser microscopy. In addition, the expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1 (PMCA1)
mRNA was analyzed via RT-PCR, the GJIC function was examined using the scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT) technique, and MAPK
phosphorylation levels were tested with the kinase activity assay. The results showed that Lovastatin treatment significantly
inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It also increased the negative value of the membrane potential, leading
to the hyperpolarization of cells. Moreover, Lovastatin treatment continuously enhanced [Ca2+]i, although the levels of PMCA1 mRNA were unchanged. GJIC was also upregulated in MCF-7 cells, with transfer of LY Fluorescence
reaching 4 to 5 rows of cells from the scraped line after treatment with 16 μmol/L Lovastatin for 72 h. Finally, downregulation
of ERK1 and p38MAPK phosphorylation were found in Lovastatin-treated MCF-7 cells. It could be deduced that Lovastatin can induce changes in cellular
hyperpolarization and intracellular Ca2+ distributions, and increase GJIC function. These effects may result in changes in the downstream signal cascade, inhibiting
the growth of MCF-7 cells. 相似文献