日本血吸虫童虫裂解物对东方田鼠肝脏T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库的筛选及阳性克隆分析

东方田鼠对血吸虫具有天然抗性。为筛选和分析东方田鼠抗血吸虫抗性相关基因, 以日本血吸虫童虫可溶性裂解物为探针, 筛选东方田鼠肝脏噬菌体展示cDNA文库。经三轮筛选, 特异性噬菌体得到有效富集(375倍)。随机挑取92个克隆进行序列测定, 获得了19条有效EST序列。其中13个条EST序列与已知基因或表达序列标签同源, 6个EST序列与已知基因或表达序列标签均无同源性, 为新的表达序列标签。将19个EST序列的阳性噬菌体克隆和血吸虫童虫共培养, 其中4号(GenBank Accession No.: EW968294)、13号(GenBank Accession No.: EW968303)、14号(GenBank Accession No.: EW968304)、15号(GenBank Accession No.: EW968305)、18号(GenBank Accession No.: EW968308)克隆均诱导了显著的杀虫效果。综合生物信息学分析结果及体外杀伤试验结果, 编码CASP8和FADD类似性细胞程序性死亡调节蛋白、a-2-HS-糖蛋白、M4蛋白、具有R3H结构域的一种mRNA结合蛋白以及三种未知蛋白的编码基因(14、15、18号克隆)可能是东方田鼠抗血吸虫病抗性相关基因。为进一步研究东方田鼠抗血吸虫机理奠定了基础。     

东方田鼠骨髓基因池的构建及抗日本血吸虫抗性相关基因的筛选

利用表达克隆法,从东方田鼠骨髓细胞中克隆出抗日本血吸虫抗性相关基因．首先提取高质量的mRNA,逆转录成cDNA,将cDNA与哺乳动物细胞瞬时表达载体pcDNA1．1／Amp连接,建立表达cDNA文库;将cDNA文库分成A—H8个基因池,转染HEK293细胞,48h后收集培养上清,获得条件培养基．将条件培养基与日本血吸虫童虫一起培养,观察杀虫效应,取对童虫抑制作用最强的基因池E再分成8个亚基因池E1-8,分别转染HEK293细胞,并将条件培养基与血吸虫童虫一起培养,获得具有明显抑制血吸虫童虫活性的亚基因池E77,按上述方法反复进行筛选,直到获得有抑制作用的单个克隆,该技术的建立为克隆东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫抗性相关基因以及研究其作用机制奠定基础．     

日本血吸虫磷酸甘油酸变位酶SjPGAM基因的克隆、表达及功能分析

磷酸甘油酸变位酶(Phosphoglycerate mutas)是糖酵解过程中的一种重要酶,主要催化3-磷酸甘油酸转化为2-磷酸甘油酸.利用PCR技术从日本血吸虫19 d童虫中首次扩增到一个PGAM家族基因,序列分析表明该基因的完整编码框含753 bp,编码250个氨基酸,理论分子量28.26 kD,理论等电点7.01.同源性分析结果表明,该基因的氨基酸序列具有典型PGAM家族特征,推测为血吸虫的PGAM基因,命名为SjPGAM(GenBank Accession No.EU374631).实时定量PCR分析显示该基因在14d和19d童虫中的表达量明显高于其他发育阶段,42d雄虫中的表达量高于雌虫.构建了该基因的原核重组表达质粒pET-28a( )-PGAM,在大肠杆菌系统中成功获得了表达,重组蛋白以包涵体形式存在,Western blotting显示表达产物能被日本血吸虫成虫粗抗原免疫血清所识别.SjPGAM基因及其表达产物的获得,为探索PGAM基因家族在血吸虫能量代谢过程中碳水化合物转运、新陈代谢调节和生长发育提供了重要基础.     

心脏特异新基因Lrrc10的分子克隆与特性分析

采用表达序列标签(EST)介导的基因克隆和表达谱分析,从小鼠心脏克隆了一个心脏特异新基因Lrrc10（GenBank Acc No. AF527781）.该基因cDNA全长为1 410 bp,定位于小鼠染色体10D2,在基因组中无内含子.Lrrc10的最大开放阅读框编码的假想蛋白由274个氨基酸组成,含有7个亮氨酸重复基序.同源性检索未发现有整体同源性的已知基因.EST数据库中支持该基因cDNA序列的全部18条EST均来自小鼠心脏组织.对小鼠的不同组织cDNA的RT-PCR检测证实该基因主要在心脏中强表达,在肺低表达,而在其他组织中不表达或表达很弱.因此该基因是心脏特异的富亮氨酸重复超家族新成员.     

东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞永生化细胞系的建立

目的建立东方田鼠胚胎成纤维永生化细胞系,为全面研究东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫机制以及开展不同动物成纤维细胞间比较研究奠定基础和提供细胞实验材料。方法运用脂质体介导的基因转染法将pSV3neo质粒导入第3代东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,经G418筛选抗性克隆并扩大培养,建立永生化细胞系;用PCR检测细胞株中SV40T基因的整合,RT-PCR鉴定SV40T基因在转染细胞中的表达;绘制东方田鼠胚胎成纤维永生化细胞生长曲线。结果阳性细胞克隆已扩大培养并稳定传代50代,经鉴定SV40T抗原已整合到东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中且稳定表达。结论成功建立东方田鼠胚胎成纤维永生化细胞系。     

长角血蜱卵泡抑素相关蛋白的定性

参照GenBank中长角血蜱致病性Okayama株卵泡抑素基因的核苷酸序列(GenBank Accession No.DQ248886)设计合成一对引物,从本实验室保藏的单克隆洁净长角血蜱饥饿成蜱中快速提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增出814bp的卵泡抑素基因,序列比对结果显示:与长角血蜱致病性Okayama株的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列一致性分别为97.8%和99%,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1中进行表达,GST融合重组蛋白预期分子量为57kD。表达重组蛋白经MagneGSTTM蛋白纯化系统纯化后作为抗原分别与抗不同发育阶段长角血蜱(卵、幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱)多克隆抗体作为一抗进行免疫印迹,结果表明:与长角血蜱卵制备的多克隆抗体有很强的免疫反应,而与其他发育阶段(幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱)饥饿长角血蜱制备的多克隆抗体反应性很弱。以上结果表明:长角血蜱卵泡抑素蛋白在长角血蜱产卵及卵成熟发育时期的表达水平较其他发育阶段(幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱)的蛋白表达水平高。     

日本血吸虫蛋白酶体α2亚基基因的克隆、表达及功能分析

26S蛋白酶体是一种能够降解大多数内源性蛋白的多亚基复合物,它的蛋白降解作用能够影响细胞周期、转录控制和其他一些重要的细胞进程。本实验利用PCR技术从日本血吸虫18d童虫中首次扩增到蛋白酶体α2亚基基因(GenBank Accession No.AY813725),序列分析表明该基因的开放阅读框(ORF)含708bp,编码235个氨基酸,理论分子量25.84kDa。同源性分析结果显示,该基因为日本血吸虫蛋白酶体α2亚基,命名为SjPSMA2。实时定量PCR分析显示该基因在7d、13d、18d、23d、32d和42d虫体中都有表达,7d和23d虫体表达量低于其他几个时期。构建了该基因的原核表达质粒pET28a(+)-SjPSMA2,在大肠杆菌系统中成功获得了表达,重组蛋白以包涵体形式存在,Western blotting显示表达产物能被日本血吸虫成虫粗抗原免疫血清所识别,并且能检测到天然状态下该蛋白的存在。应用重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠后,诱导产生了较高的特异性抗体水平及12.33%的减虫率和35.23%的肝脏减卵率。SjPSMA2基因及其表达产物的获得,为探索蛋白酶体在血吸虫生长发育中的作用提供了重要基础。     

日本血吸虫信号转导蛋白Sjwnt_4基因的克隆、表达及功能分析

由Wnt基因家族产物与其它相关基因产物构成的Wnt信号通路,是细胞发育和生长调节的一个关键途径,对动物的发育特别是生殖系统的发育起重要的调节作用。在人类和小鼠中,Wnt4蛋白是性腺分化过程中主要调节因子,在胚胎发育中起着关键作用。利用RACE技术从日本血吸虫19d童虫中首次扩增到一个Wnt家族基因,序列分析表明该基因的完整编码框含1311bp,编码436个氨基酸,理论分子量49.6kD。同源性分析结果表明,该基因的氨基酸序列具有典型Wnt家族蛋白特征,与日本三角涡虫、人Wnt4的氨基酸序列相似性分别达43％、37％,推测为血吸虫的Wnt4基因,命名为Sjwnt4（GenBank登陆号DQ643829）。实时定量PCR分析显示该基因在14d童虫、19d童虫、31d虫体、44d雌虫及44d雄虫中均有表达,其中19d童虫中的表达量明显高于其它发育阶段,44d雌虫中的表达量明显高于雄虫。构建了该基因的原核表达载体pGEX_4T_2_Sjwnt4,应用大肠杆菌系统进行了表达,表达蛋白以包涵体形式存在,Western印迹显示表达产物能被日本血吸虫成虫粗抗原免疫血清所识别。Sjwnt4基因及其表达产物的获得,为探索Wnt信号通路对血吸虫发育、生殖的调节提供了重要基础。     

日本血吸虫信号转导蛋白Sjwnt_4基因的克隆、表达及功能分析

由Wnt基因家族产物与其它相关基因产物构成的Wnt信号通路,是细胞发育和生长调节的一个关键途径,对动物的发育特别是生殖系统的发育起重要的调节作用。在人类和小鼠中,Wnt4蛋白是性腺分化过程中主要调节因子,在胚胎发育中起着关键作用。利用RACE技术从日本血吸虫19d童虫中首次扩增到一个Wnt家族基因,序列分析表明该基因的完整编码框含1311bp,编码436个氨基酸,理论分子量49.6kD。同源性分析结果表明,该基因的氨基酸序列具有典型Wnt家族蛋白特征,与日本三角涡虫、人Wnt4的氨基酸序列相似性分别达43％、37％,推测为血吸虫的Wnt4基因,命名为Sjwnt4（GenBank登陆号DQ643829）。实时定量PCR分析显示该基因在14d童虫、19d童虫、31d虫体、44d雌虫及44d雄虫中均有表达,其中19d童虫中的表达量明显高于其它发育阶段,44d雌虫中的表达量明显高于雄虫。构建了该基因的原核表达载体pGEX_4T_2_Sjwnt4,应用大肠杆菌系统进行了表达,表达蛋白以包涵体形式存在,Western印迹显示表达产物能被日本血吸虫成虫粗抗原免疫血清所识别。Sjwnt4基因及其表达产物的获得,为探索Wnt信号通路对血吸虫发育、生殖的调节提供了重要基础。     

利用抑制差减杂交技术分离马铃薯晚疫病抗性相关基因

以晚疫病病原菌混合小种接种处理48h的马铃薯水平抗性材料(R-gene-free)叶片为目的材料,以未处理材料作为对照,用抑制差减杂交技术构建了一个富集晚疫病抗性相关基因的差减文库。应用反向Northern技术对840个克隆进行斑点杂交筛选,筛选出150个病原诱导后信号明显增强的克隆。26个片段测序结果表明：部分片段基因功能与抗病性明显相关。7个差异表达片段与GenBank EST数据库中已有晚疫病原诱导马铃薯叶片得到的EST有很高同源性(达95％～100％);部分片段核苷酸或氨基酸序列分别与番茄、烟草、拟南芥等的EST序列或氨基酸序列有较高同源性;另有4个基因片段在GenBank EST数据库中未找到明显的同源序列,可能为新发现的基因片段。     

Apoptosis governs the elimination of Schistosoma japonicum from the non-permissive host Microtus fortis

The reed vole, Microtus fortis, is the only known mammalian host in which schistosomes of Schistosoma japonicum are unable to mature and cause significant pathogenesis. However, little is known about how Schistosoma japonicum maturation (and, therefore, the development of schistosomiasis) is prevented in M. fortis. In the present study, the ultrastructure of 10 days post infection schistosomula from BALB/c mice and M. fortis were first compared using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopic investigations showed growth retardation and ultrastructural differences in the tegument and sub-tegumental tissues as well as in the parenchymal cells of schistosomula from M. fortis compared with those in BALB/c mice. Then, microarray analysis revealed significant differential expression between the schistosomula from the two rodents, with 3,293 down-regulated (by ≥ 2-fold) and 71 up-regulated (≥ 2 fold) genes in schistosomula from the former. The up-regulated genes included a proliferation-related gene encoding granulin (Grn) and tropomyosin. Genes that were down-regulated in schistosomula from M. fortis included apoptosis-inhibited genes encoding a baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein (SjIAP) and cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor (SjCIAP), genes encoding molecules involved in insulin metabolism, long-chain fatty acid metabolism, signal transduction, the transforming growth factor (TGF) pathway, the Wnt pathway and in development. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays, caspase 3/7 activity analysis, and flow cytometry revealed that the percentages of early apoptotic and late apoptotic and/or necrotic cells, as well as the level of caspase activity, in schistosomula from M. fortis were all significantly higher than in those from BALB/c mice.     

The complete mitochondrial genome of Microtus fortis calamorum (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) and its phylogenetic analysis

Microtus fortis is a special resource of rodent in China. It is a promising experimental animal model for the study on the mechanism of Schistosome japonicum resistance. The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence for Microtus fortis calamorum, a subspecies of M. fortis (Arvicolinae, Rodentia), was reported in this study. The mitochondrial genome sequence of M. f. calamorum (Genbank: JF261175) showed a typical vertebrate pattern with 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and one major noncoding region (CR region).The extended termination associated sequences (ETAS-1 and ETAS-2) and conserved sequence block 1 (CSB-1) were found in the CR region. The putative origin of replication for the light strand (O(L)) of M. f. calamorum was 35bp long and showed high conservation in stem and adjacent sequences, but the difference existed in the loop region among three species of genus Microtus. In order to investigate the phylogenetic position of M. f. calamorum, the phylogenetic trees (Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods) were constructed based on 12 protein-coding genes (except for ND6 gene) on H strand from 16 rodent species. M. f. calamorum was classified into genus Microtus, Arvcicolinae for the highly phylogenetic relationship with Microtus kikuchii (Taiwan vole). Further phylogenetic analysis results based on the cytochrome b gene ranged from M. f. calamorum to one of the subspecies of M. fortis, which formed a sister group of Microtus middendorfii in the genus Microtus.     

Serologic prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in field mice, Microtus fortis, from Yuanjiang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China

Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were investigated in serum samples of field mice, Microtus fortis, from Yuanjiang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. The modified agglutination test (MAT) incorporating formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol was used to determine antibodies. Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT > or = 1:20) were found in 36 (29%) of 124 trapped mice. The antibody titers of positive sera (percentage in parentheses) were 1:20 (8.9), 1:40 (3.2), 1:80 (3.2), 1:160 (1.6), 1:320 (1.6), 1:640 (1.6), 1:1,280 (1.6), 1: 2,560 (0.8), and > 1:2,560 (6.5). No antibody to T. gondii was found in 104 sera of laboratory-bred M. fortis infected with Schistosoma japonicum between 1 and 45 days after infection.     

东方田鼠感染血清免疫筛选日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库

东方田鼠 (Microtusfortis ,Mf)对日本血吸虫 (Schistosomajaponicum ,Sj)感染具有抗性 .为探讨Mf感染Sj后是否产生针对虫体某些特异抗原分子的免疫应答 ,用Mf感染血清对Sj成虫cDNA文库进行免疫筛选 .经初筛和复筛 ,共筛选出 12个阳性克隆 .这些阳性克隆经辅助噬菌体自动剪切后PCR扩增显示 ,插入的SjcDNA片段大小在 3 0 0bp至 1 8kb之间 ,其中 1 8kb片段 5个 ,1kb片段 1个 ,3 0 0bp片段6个 .经DNA测序分析 ,鉴定出 3个未曾报道过的Sj新基因 ,分别命名为Sj Mf1、Sj Mf2和Sj胞质氨基肽酶 ,并在GenBank登记注册 .结果说明 ,Mf感染血清可识别Sj的特异性抗原分子 ,这些抗原分子的免疫保护作用值得进一步研究 .     

Molecular characterization of a MSRV-like sequence identified by RDA from monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia.

Retroviral-related amplicons were used in modified RDA to identify four sequences from affected members of three pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. One sequence (schizophrenia associated retrovirus, SZRV-1, GenBank Accession No. AF135487) is characterized here. It is similar to two known sequences of retroviral origin: multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus, MSRV (GenBank Accession No. AF009668), and ERV-9 (GenBank Accession No. S77575). It is present in multiple copies in the human genome and has been localized to six different chromosomal sites. A zooblot shows that this multicopy sequence is predominant in the primate lineage and present in rhesus monkeys and humans. SZRV-1 is expressed as a 9-kb RNA band in the placenta. This could offer support to the hypothesis that retroviral sequences transposing during fetal growth may alter neurodevelopmental genes and cause diseases, although its direct involvement in the causation of schizophrenia remains to be established.     

不同生存条件下东方田鼠肝脏基因表达谱分析

目的比较实验室条件下饲养的东方田鼠和野外捕捉东方田鼠肝脏的基因表达差异,寻找可能参与肝脏病变的关键基因。方法以实验室条件饲养的东方田鼠和野外捕捉东方田鼠为研究对象,分别抽提RNA,逆转录成cDNA,体外转录为cRNA并进行片段化;利用表达谱芯片分别进行杂交,扫描后筛选差异基因,并应用real-time PCR方法对部分基因的表达水平进行进一步测定,验证芯片数据的结果。结果实验室饲养东方田鼠肝组织与野外捕捉东方田鼠相比,共有99个基因和41个EST差异表达。其中参与机体代谢的基因占主导,约占35.4%;其次为参与信号通路的基因,约占24.2%;参与细胞周期和免疫的基因分别占6.1%和3.0%。结论利用基因表达谱芯片初步筛选了可能参与东方田鼠脂肪肝形成过程的基因,发现机体代谢通路的基因占主导,肝脏中细胞色素家族基因表达差异明显。     

枯草芽孢杆菌CAS15嗜铁素基因dhbC的克隆、表达及功能鉴定

通过PCR技术扩增得到dhbC基因,对其进行序列分析发现,dhbC基因片段长为1197bp,预期编码398个氨基酸,蛋白分子量大小为43.8kD。将目的片段连接到表达载体pET-30a(+),转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)获得重组菌株BL21(DE3)/pET-30a-dhbC,以IPTG在30oC诱导4h实现高效表达,获得一个分子量为48.8kD的融合蛋白。重组蛋白可溶性分析结果表明:融合蛋白主要为可溶性蛋白。Western blotting分析结果表明:重组蛋白可与兔抗His-tag多克隆抗体发生特异性反应,在48.8kD处有特异条带,与预期结果一致,证明重组质粒中含有dhbC基因。通过同源重组的策略将dhbC基因敲除后重新导入,验证了dhbC基因与嗜铁素的生物合成密切相关。     

Tyramide signal amplification (TSA)-FISH applied to mapping PCR-labeled probes less than 1 kb in size.

Tyramide signal amplification (TSA)-FISH was used to map one mouse and two human DNA probes of less than 1 kb in size. The two human probes were 319 and 608 bp, and the mouse probe was 855 bp. Probes, made from PCR products, were labeled by incorporating biotin-11-dUTP (human) and biotin-16-dUTP (mouse) during PCR amplification. Signals were readily observed in both interphase and metaphase cells following TSA-FISH for all three genes, whereas conventional FISH experiments produced no signals. The two human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) genes, EST883227 (GenBank Accession No. AA243820) and EST990006 (GenBank Accession No. AA348546), mapped to human chromosomes 7p21 and 17q25. The mouse gene, cmyc (exon 2) mapped to band D2 of mouse chromosome 15. These findings demonstrate the ability of this technique to map small probes (PCR products and expressed sequence tags) of less than 1 kb through highly increased signal amplification.