神经肽注射液氨基酸组成分析及含量测定方法的研究

本文采用具有高灵敏度的高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）对神经肽注射液中的氨基酸组成及含量进行了测定,结果表明该注射液中含有１３种游离氨基酸（２９．９４ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ）和大量的低分子多肽（２１１．１６ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ）。同时,本文也建立了简便快速测定神经肽注射液中溶质含量的紫外分光光度法（ＵＶＳ）。试验结果反映了产品的内在质量,为建立质量控制方法提供了依据。     

山药品种间氨基酸含量的差异性研究

采用盐酸水解法分析了福建省建阳主栽的7个山药品种的氨基酸含量及组成。得出供试材料中都含有17种氨基酸,总氨基酸质量分数在2.86~6.64%,平均4.95%,其中以JY-4品种总氨基酸质量分数最高,JY-2最低;各种氨基酸质量分数高低顺序基本相似,以精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸居前三位,胱氨酸质量分数最低,必需氨基酸质量分数的高低依次是亮氨酸>苯丙氨酸>赖氨酸>缬氨酸>异亮氨酸>苏氨酸>蛋氨酸;鲜味氨基酸在各品种间的差异显著,以JY-4最高,达3.41%,依次是JY-3、JY-6、JY-1、JY-5、JY-7、JY-2。再运用聚类分析方法从氨基酸的组成及含量角度对7个品种进行分类可分为三类;相关分析表明:山药总氨基酸含量愈高,必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量亦愈高。     

835氨基酸分析仪使用调试技术

本文介绍了８３５氨基酸分析仪使用调试技术,采用标准样和各种不同样品,对仪器进行多次使用调试,各项技术指标均合要求。将其试验数据与其它型号氨基酸分析仪相比比较,结果基本一致。说明测定数据准确可靠,仪器运转性能良好。     

七种汉中稻米品质的分析

以汉中产 7种籼粘类稻谷为材料 ,分别对其样品中的蛋白质、矿质元素、直链淀粉、胶稠度、糊化温度、氨基酸等含量进行了测定 ,并将检测结果与国家标准及农业部标准进行了对照分析。结果表明 :胜泰和Y97-8品质基本达到国标规定籼粘类一级标准 ,具有推广价值。     

专用氨基酸分析

专用氨基酸分析迈克戴维斯（发玛西亚生物技术）长期以来，籍着对不同蛋白的功能了解不断加深，成为改进食物生产和健康质量的一个关键。这带动了包括使两名英国科学家在四十年前获得诺贝乐奖的层析技术等分析方法的迅速发展。多年来，使用离子交换的氨基酸分析方法，如利...     

氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的研究（三）：自制显色剂与进口显色…

目前国内引直的大多数氨基酸分析仪,所用的显色剂不但进口周期长,价格昂贵,而且长时间保存后易造成分离效果差和灵敏度下降等问题;因此,我们于一九八０年的开始对自制显色剂进行了存放时间、不同浓度等诸多因素对氨基酸含量影响进行了系统研究,取得了令人满意的结果,在此基础上,我们还对自制显色剂与进口显色剂的效果进行了比较分析,分别观察了２４ｈ及１－４周内自制显色剂与进口显色剂对３８种标准氨基酸的影响,实验结果     

孔雀石绿的快速检测产品评价研究

孔雀石绿是国家明令禁止添加在水产品中的化合物,但仍有不少商贩在违规使用,孔雀石绿快速检测试剂盒是目前监管水产品流通市场的重要产品。为了评价孔雀石绿的快速检测产品,制备4个不同水平(0、1、2和4μg/kg)隐色孔雀石绿的盲样,对5个不同厂家的孔雀石绿快速检测试剂盒进行评价研究。本次研究不仅从产品的性能指标、与参比方法一致性分析对产品做出评价,而且同时考察了各产品的样品前处理操作难易程度、检测时间与检测成本、辅助仪器设备、结果判定以及适用性等。结果表明：本次评价的孔雀石绿快检产品的特异性总体较好,其中1个厂家产品整体水平较高,有3个厂家产品假阳性率≤15%,可见市面上的孔雀石绿快检试剂盒质量参差不齐。建议必须建立出厂评价验收制度,在市售水产品中孔雀石绿的快检产品采购前,对产品做出综合有效评价,确保产品质量。     

富硒产品中硒的形态分析及化学评分模式的建立

采用微波水解、HPLC-HG-AFS法测定了硒蛋白粉、硒蛋白片、肽粉、富硒原料等19种硒产品中的总硒、硒代氨基酸和亚硒酸根离子[Se(IV)],分析了硒代氨基酸、Se(IV)和其他形态硒占总硒的百分比及不同形态硒代氨基酸的组成比例。以此为依据,将硒产品分为硒蛋白型、单一硒代氨基酸型、其它形态硒型及有机无机硒混合型。根据DBS42/002-2014规定建立了富有机硒产品评分模式,其中18种为富有机硒产品;根据适硒地区母乳中硒代氨基酸的组成比例提出了硒代氨基酸的化学评分模式,评分结果显示13种以蛋白态硒为主的硒产品中硒代氨基酸的组成比例均与母乳相差甚远,不利于人体平衡吸收利用,其中10种SeMet含量远远超过人体所需,SeCys_2为限制硒代氨基酸。该评分模式的建立对硒产品的开发具有指导意义。     

鳖甲抗肝纤维化活性物质的氨基酸分析

采用日立L8800全自动氨基酸分析仪,对鳖甲抗肝纤维化有效提取部位中游离和水解氨基酸进行了分析,结果表明,该有效部位中游离氨基酸质量分数为1.32%,水解氨基酸质量分数为58.0%。     

氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的研究（二）：不同浓度显色剂对氨基…

氨基酸显色剂是氨基酸分析的的重要试剂之一,主要成份是茚三酮、二甲亚砜、还原剂、氢氧化锂等有机试剂氨基酸显色剂（以下称显色剂）。目前这种显色剂依赖从国外进口,由于受价格、进口周期及有效期限等诸多因素的影响,使之远远不能满足国内用户的需要,为适应国内用户的需要,进一步认自制显色剂的可行性和可靠性,确定显色剂的最佳配方,本项目对自制显色剂的存放时间、不同浓度显色剂、以及显色剂光学试验等项指标进行了全面系     

酸水解蚕蛹制备复合氨基酸的研究

采用硫酸水解法,以蚕蛹制取复合氨基酸产品,得到氨基酸态氮分别为９．０５％和１３．４５％的食用复合氨基粉和精制复合氨基酸粉。食用复合氨基酸粉含有１８种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸含量为３９．２％。食用复合氨基酸粉的制备方法经工厂小批量生产证实,其工艺简单易行,适合于中小企业采用,该产品的质量优良,生产成本低廉,具有市场竞争力。     

水杨酸处理对采后园艺产品的作用

本文结合作者自己的研究结果 ,综述了水杨酸对园艺产品的采后作用 (包括延长切花保鲜期、减轻果实腐烂、推迟洋葱等产品的发芽和对果蔬产品贮藏期间品质、呼吸速率、乙烯释放、抗逆、活性氧代谢方面影响 )的研究进展 ,并对这些结果进行了分析 ;对高浓度外源SA处理引起的负面作用以及存在的一些问题进行了探讨     

Lactic-acid fermentation as a low-cost means of food preservation in tropical countries

Abstract The range of traditional lactic-acid-fermented foods in tropical countries is briefly reviewed. Recent studies on the lactic acid fermentation of fish and cassava products are described. Lactic-acid-fermented fish products may offer considerable scope for the development of new food products and for the use of under-utilised fish species. Lactic-acid-fermented fish products are common in parts of Asia; methods to improve the product and shelf-life quality, to reduce microbial risks and to accelerate the process are described. This work is based on fish/salt/carbohydrate model systems. The nutritional aspects of cassava fermentation are discussed with respect to factors involved in determining residual cyanide levels; the possible anti-nutritional rôle of condensed tannins is mentioned. The increasing consumption of meat products in tropical countries emphasises the need for a preservation method that does not depend on refrigeration. The possible production of sausage ingredients preserved by lactic acid fermentation, and the associated research needs are described.     

Breeding for flavour of fresh market tomato: sources for increasing acid content

Breeding programs in tomato for fresh consumption have concluded in very productive varieties/hybrids with an extraordinary external quality. However, internal quality has not been a priority objective in these breeding programs, so present products have a lack of important internal quality properties. Thus, internal and nutritional improvement including taste and organoleptyc characteristics are important breeding objectives at present. A screening trial to identify sources for internal quality improvement by increasing acid content was carried out. 12 accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum and 8 of L. pimpinellifolium were tested with that purpose. Content in citric, malic, oxalic and fumaric acid by HPLC, soluble solids content (SSC)(1 Brix) by refractometry and total acidity by titration with NaOH were measured. Sources for high citric, malic and fumaric acid content were found to begin those breeding programs. Results could possibly suggest an independent genetic control for every acid.     

Water quality and the distribution of some fishes in an area of acid sulphate soils,Kalimantan, Indonesia

The drainage from acid sulphate soils severely affects water quality, with pH values commonly around 3, and toxic concentrations of ferrous iron and aluminium. The water quality in an area of acid sulphate soils on the southern coastal plain of Kalimantan, Indonesia, was examined and an inventory of fish species was made. The ionic composition of the water can be described as a simple dilution series of the hypothetical mineral Fe(II)₄Na₈Ca₂Mg₆Al₄H₁₀(SO₄)₂₇, originating from the oxidation of pyrite and weathering products of clay minerals. The oxygen concentrations were variable, ranging from <10% to >100% saturation, without a clear relation to ionic concentrations. Fish were encountered over the entire pH range of 2.8–5.2. Although species distribution showed some correlation with water quality, the species showed widely overlapping ranges, and they are not suitable for use as indicator organisms on the present detailed scale. The most likely explanation for the poor correlation between fish distribution and water quality are seasonal and local fluctuations in quality. These presumably eliminated the more sensitive species, and only those with a high acidity tolerance were found in the area.     

The fatty acid composition of milk fat as influenced by feeding oilseeds

The fatty acid composition of bovine milk fat can be substantially altered by feeding lipid sources which alter the fatty acid profile of lipid entering the intestine from the rumen. As long-chain fatty acids of dietary origin can be incorporated directly into milk fat the opportunity exists to alter the ratio of short and long-chain fatty acids as well as the degree of saturation of milk fat. In practice our ability to alter the fatty acid profile of milk fat is limited not by the synthetic capacity of the mammary gland, but rather by the challenge of achieving effective protection of unsaturated dietary fatty acids from biohydrogenation in the rumen, as well as keeping the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids within the range where the organoleptic quality and shelf-life of milk and dairy products are not compromised. The fatty acid composition of oilseeds such as canola are considered desirable from a human health perspective and thus their inclusion in the diet of dairy cattle as a means of achieving a more desirable fatty acid profile in milk fat may enhance the nutritive quality of milk.     

Challenges of formulation and quality of biofertilizers for successful inoculation

The interest in biofertilizers is increasing and so is the potential for their use in sustainable agriculture. However, many of the products that are currently available worldwide are often of very poor quality, resulting in the loss of confidence from farmers. The formulation of an inoculant is a crucial multistep process that should result in one or several strains of microorganisms included in a suitable carrier, providing a safe environment to protect them from the often harsh conditions during storage and ensuring survival and establishment after introduction into soils. One of the key issues in formulation development and production is the quality control of the products, at each stage of the process. This review presents the different components and the major steps involved in the formulation of good quality biofertilizers, including the techniques used to assess the quality of the products following production. The quality of currently available inoculants is also reviewed, emphasizing the need for better quality control systems worldwide.     

Mild Detritylation of Nucleic Acid Hydroxyl Groups by Warming Up

It is challenging to effectively deprotect hydroxyl groups of acid-or-base sensitive bio-macromolecules without causing even minor defects and compromising high quality of final products. We report here a mild detritylation strategy in mildly acidic buffers to remove the DMTr protection from the 5′-hydroxyl groups of synthetic nucleic acids. The DMTr-groups can be easily and effectively removed at pH 4.5 or 5.0 with slight warming up (40°C), offering virtually quantitative deprotection. This warming-up strategy is particularly useful for deprotection of the modified nucleic acids that are sensitive to the conventional acid deprotection. As a first step towards our long-term goal of synthesizing defect-free nucleic acids, our novel and simple strategy further increases the quality of synthetic nucleic acids.     

蛋白质组学技术在肉类鉴别及肉质分析中的应用进展

肉制品是人体中蛋白质和多种微量元素的重要来源,但对于肉制品中肉类的鉴别及品质分析的研究受到了传统方法的限制。近年来,蛋白质组学技术的应用极大地推动了肉类鉴别技术的发展,并对肉质形成的潜在分子机制的研究有着深远的影响。主要介绍了蛋白质组学的概念及其研究策略,全面综述了蛋白质组学技术在肉类鉴别和肉质分析中的应用进展,并展望了其研究前景,以期为肉制品的质量控制及肉质影响因素的研究提供理论依据。     

Inclusion of sunflower seed and wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles in a red clover silage-based diet enhances steers performance,meat quality and fatty acid profiles

The current study compared beef production, quality and fatty acid (FA) profiles of yearling steers fed a control diet containing 70 : 30 red clover silage (RCS) : barley-based concentrate, a diet containing 11% sunflower seed (SS) substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with15% or 30% wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS). Additions of DDGS were balanced by reductions in RCS and SS to maintain crude fat levels in diets. A total of two pens of eight animals were fed per diet for an average period of 208 days. Relative to the control diet, feeding the SS diet increased (P<0.05) average daily gain, final live weight and proportions of total n-6 FA, non-conjugated 18:2 biohydrogenation products (i.e. atypical dienes) with the first double bond at carbon 8 or 9 from the carboxyl end, conjugated linoleic acid isomers with the first double bond from carbon 7 to 10 from the carboxyl end, t-18:1 isomers, and reduced (P<0.05) the proportions of total n-3 FA, conjugated linolenic acids, branched-chain FA, odd-chain FA and 16:0. Feeding DDGS-15 and DDGS-30 diets v. the SS diet further increased (P<0.05) average daily gains, final live weight, carcass weight, hot dressing percentage, fat thickness, rib-eye muscle area, and improved instrumental and sensory panel meat tenderness. However, in general feeding DGGS-15 or DDGS-30 diets did not change FA proportions relative to feeding the SS diet. Overall, adding SS to a RCS-based diet enhanced muscle proportions of 18:2n-6 biohydrogenation products, and further substitutions of DDGS in the diet improved beef production, and quality while maintaining proportions of potentially functional bioactive FA including vaccenic and rumenic acids.