实验性红细胞增多和慢性缺氧对右心室肥大的影响

为了研究红细胞增多对缺氧性肺动脉高压和右室肥大的影响,将大鼠分为四组:常氧对照组;单纯红细胞增多组;慢性缺氧组;慢性缺氧复合红细胞增多组。结果表明,单纯红细胞增多引起右室V_(max)、右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。慢性缺氧不仅引起右室±dP/dt_(max)和V_(max)增加,还引起右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。慢性缺氧复合红细胞增多进一步使右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。此外,还出现左室重量指数增加。以上结果表明,红细胞增多在缺氧性肺动脉高压和右室肥大中起着重要作用。     

缺氧时大鼠红细胞变形性损伤的机制研究

本实验通过测定平原和模拟高原减压缺氧３０天大鼠红细胞滤过指数（ＩＦ）、红细胞内［ｐＨ］ｉ、［Ｋ＋］ｉ／［Ｎａ＋］ｉ比值、［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ、［Ｍｇ２＋］ｉ、平均红细胞体积（ＭＣＶ）及平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（ＭＣＨＣ）,从而探讨缺氧条件下大鼠红细胞变形性损害的机制。结果发现：１．缺氧组大鼠红细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ明显升高,且与ＩＦ呈显著正相关,但［Ｍｇ２＋］ｉ无明显差异;２．缺氧组［Ｋ＋］ｉ／［Ｎａ＋］ｉ值较平原组明显降低,且与ＩＦ呈显著负相关;３．缺氧组ＭＣＨＣ与平原组无明显差异,但ＭＣＶ显著升高;４．缺氧组红细胞内［ｐＨ］ｉ较平原组明显升高。提示：缺氧时红细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高,［Ｋ＋］ｉ／［Ｎａ＋］ｉ值降低,ＭＣＶ增大以及红细胞［ｐＨ］ｉ值的改变在其变形性损伤中起重要作用。     

低氧适应对缺氧性心功能损伤的保护作用及其机制探讨

缺氧对心脏功能的影响与缺氧的严重程度、发生速度及时程有关。本实检比较了急性缺氧与阶梯适应性缺氧对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠心脏功能及心肌收缩蛋白Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶的不同影响,结果表明,低氧适应组与急性缺氧组比较,左右心室的±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ、收缩指数等心功能指标均有显著的改善,心肌收缩蛋白Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性也显著高于急性缺氧组。从而说明,动物经低氧适应后,心脏的代偿功能得到充分发挥,从面减轻缺氧对心脏的损伤。心肌收缩蛋白Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶的改善可能是心脏代偿机制的生物化学基础之一。     

慢性缺氧时心肌血流量的变化及一氧化氮和内皮素—1的调节作用

近年来国内外研究表明急性缺氧时心肌血流量明显增加 ,而慢性缺氧对心肌血流量的影响及其发生机制 ,目前国内外研究甚少 ,且结果不甚相同 ,因此探讨缺氧时心肌血流量的变化及其发生机制 ,对于评估缺氧时心肌供血状态 ,了解心脏高原适应具有理论和实际意义。因此 ,本文观察了慢性间断缺氧大鼠的心肌血流量、血浆、心肌组织ＮＯ(ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ ,ＮＯ)和ＥＴ 1(ｅｎ ｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ 1,ＥＴ 1)的含量 ,以期探讨ＮＯ、ＥＴ 1改变、红细胞增多与心肌血流量变化的关系。1　材料和方法(1)实验动物　健康ｗｉｓｔａｒ成年大鼠 6 9只 ,雌雄…     

氧化苦参碱对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用研究

目的：研究氧化苦参碱对阿霉素致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法：SD大鼠随机分成4组,阿霉素级（adriamycin,ADM）、阿霉素＋氧化苦参碱组（oxymatrine,OMT）,氧化苦参碱组,正常对照组。免疫组化染色法检测大鼠心肌Ⅰ Ⅲ型胶原的表达,用光镜及电镜观察心肌组织的病理改变及超微结构变化。结果：ADM组中大鼠心肌Ⅰ Ⅲ型胶原的表达显著增加,ADM＋OMT组也有相似改变,但较ADM组有显著下降,两组之间有显著差异（P〈0．05）;正常对照组与OMT组无变化。光镜及电镜结果显示ADM组与ADM＋OMT组大鼠心肌组织,均有损伤,但ADM＋OMT组较ADM组损伤明显减轻。OMT组动物未观察到心肌组织病理变化。结论：氧化苦参碱对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤具有保护作用。     

慢性常压缺氧和缺氧伴CO_2潴留大鼠红细胞变形能力与能量代谢的研究

本工作研究了慢性常压缺氧和缺氧伴ＣＯ＿２潴留肺动脉高压大鼠红细胞变形能力和红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量的变化。结果表明,慢性常压缺氧和缺氧伴ＣＯ＿２潴留大鼠不同切应力下的红细胞变形指数和红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量均明显低于其对照组,且该两组红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量与不同切应力下的红细胞变形指数呈显著正相关。提示慢性缺氧和伴ＣＯ＿２潴留大鼠红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量降低可能是导致红细胞变形能力降低的诸因素之一,后者又可导致和加重肺动脉高压的形成。     

反复正加速度暴露后大鼠心肌的细胞凋亡改变

目的：探讨不同水平的1周重复多次的正加速度（＋Gz）暴露后大鼠心室肌凋亡的现象及变化规律。方法：12只雄性SD大鼠随机分为＋6Gz组,＋10Gz组和对照组,每组4只：＋Gz组大鼠分别暴露于＋6Gz／3min和＋10Gz／3min,1次／d,连续暴露1周;对照组大鼠置于离心机室,但不受加速度作用。大鼠于末次暴露后1天,取左心室,采用透射电镜和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口标记技术观察心肌细胞凋亡情况。所有实验数据进行方差分析及LSD—t检验。结果：电镜下,除＋10Gz组可观察到心肌细胞核内异染色质增多、浓缩、边集现象外,各组未见典型的凋亡改变。TUNEL染色可见,＋6Gz组、＋10Gz组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡指数较对照组均显著增高（F=42．47,t6G=5．04;t10G=7．43,P〈0．01）;＋10Gz组大鼠心肌凋亡指数较＋6Gz组显著增多（t6G／10G=2．39,P〈0．05）。结论：＋Gz重复暴露可引起大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,且随着G值的增大,细胞凋亡指数呈增多趋势。     

慢性常压缺氧和缺氧伴CO2潴留大鼠红细胞变形能力与能…

本工作研究了慢性常压缺氧和缺氧件ＣＯ２潴留肺动脉高压大鼠红细胞变形能力和红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量的变化。结果表明，慢性常压缺氧和缺氧伴ＣＯ２潴留大鼠不同切应力下的红细胞变形指数和红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量均明显低于其对照组，且该两组红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量与不同切应力下的红细胞变形指数呈显著正相关。提示慢性缺氧和伴ＣＯ２潴留大鼠红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量降低可能是导致红细胞变形能力降低的诸因素之一，后者又可导致和加重肺动脉高     

人参皂甙对缺氧大鼠海马DG区神经细胞DNA损伤保护作用的研究

目的:用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)研究急慢性缺氧大鼠海马DG区神经细胞细胞DNA损伤和人参皂甙对缺氧大鼠海马细胞DNA的保护作用.方法:健康成年SD大鼠随机分为急、慢性缺氧正常对照组、急性缺氧组和慢性缺氧组(分别在模拟海拔5000米高原环境连续缺氧暴露0d、3d和30d)、急性缺氧人参皂甙干预组、慢性缺氧人参皂甙干预组.应用SCGE检测海马DG区神经细胞DNA损伤.结果:随着缺氧时间的增加,海马DG区神经细胞DNA的损伤程度加重,尾长、尾部DNA百分含量和尾距显著增加(P＜0.05).人参皂甙能使缺氧损伤的海马DG区神经细胞的尾长、尾部DNA百分含量和尾距均较缺氧组减少(P＜0.05).结论:人参皂甙能有效地减轻缺氧引起的海马组织细胞DNA的断裂损伤.     

缺氧对右心室最大心肌血流量的影响

为了探讨缺氧对冠状血管贮备力的影响,我们观察了缺氧时大鼠血流动力学及右心室最大心肌血流量的变化。结果表明,急性缺氧引起ＰａＯ２、心输出量及氧运送量降低,但右心室心肌血流量增加,右心室最大与安静血流量比值降低。慢性缺氧时ＰａＯ２降低,血球比积和右心室重量指数增加,氧运送量和右心室血流量正常,但最大血流量降低,小动脉增厚、外膜胶元增加。以上结果提示,慢性缺氧对冠状血管贮备减少可能是小动脉壁增厚、外膜胶元增加和血液粘滞性增加及右心室肥大的结果。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.