PP333、B9和CCC对脱毒马铃薯试管繁殖的影响

以MS0为增殖培养基,1/2MS(大量元素减半) 6-BA 0.1 mg*L-1 NAA 0.1 mg*L-1为生根培养基,分别附加不同浓度PP333、B9和CCC,结果表明:20 mg*L-1 B9或20～50 mg*L-1 CCC对脱毒马铃薯试管苗兼有促进增殖和复壮的双重效果;0.05～0.5 mg*L-1 PP333及50 ～100 mg*L-1CCC适合于试管苗的保存;而0.05～0.1 mg*L-1 PP333及20～100 mg*L-1CCC有利于根的发生及移栽,其中尤以0.1 mg*L-1 PP333效果最佳,其试管苗生根率和移栽成活率均为100%,且移栽后缓苗期短,生长旺盛.     

多效唑和矮壮素对盆栽彩色马蹄莲的矮化实验

采用200～400 mg*L-1多效唑(PP333)和1 000～2 000 mg*L-1矮壮素(CCC)对处于生长中期的2个彩色马蹄莲(Zantedeschia antedeschia)盆栽品种进行矮化处理,结果显示彩色马蹄莲的株型明显矮化,茎杆增粗.统计分析表明:PP333处理的矮化效果较明显,其中以300 mg*L-1效果最佳,说明PP333对设施栽培条件下彩色马蹄莲的防徒长、抗倒伏的矮化处理有实用价值.     

人参果茎尖脱毒培养与快速繁殖

对人参果(Solanum muricatum Ait)茎尖进行离体培养及快速繁殖.结果表明:适于外植体生长分化的培养基是不加任何激素或只加0.2 mg*L-1 NAA的MS培养基;用MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA培养基能促进组培苗茎尖快速伸长,有利于茎尖的剥离和脱毒培养;适于茎尖愈伤组织形成和分化的培养基为MS 0.2 mg*L-1 NAA 2.0 mg*L-1 6-BA;适于壮苗快繁的培养基为MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA 0.1 mg*L-1 PP333.生物学和电镜检测结果表明,利用0.2～0.3 mm茎尖培养的人参果试管苗已脱除病毒.     

喷施多效唑提高麻疯树幼苗耐盐性的生理机制

研究了600 mg?L-1 PP333喷施对200 mmol?L-1 NaCl胁迫处理下麻疯树幼苗干重、含水量、叶片细胞超微结构、光合作用、叶片渗透调节能力、叶片丙二醛含量和叶片抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：600 mg?L-1 PP333喷施处理能显著提高200 mmol?L-1 NaCl胁迫下植株的干重、根冠比和叶片含水量,同时显著降低叶片电解质外渗率（ELP）,降低叶片细胞超微结构的伤害程度,显著提高了其叶绿素含量、净光合速率、渗透调节能力、SOD酶活性和CAT酶活性,显著降低了MDA含量和POD酶活性。可见,PP333喷施能显著提高麻疯树幼苗对盐渍的适应,主要因为其提高了植株的抗氧化能力、光合作用、渗透调节能力。     

PP333与BA组合对怀地黄试管苗生长发育的影响

本文研究了PP333与BA组合对怀地黄(Rehmanniaglutinosa)试管苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,不同浓度的PP333与0.5mg.L-1BA组合均严重地抑制试管苗根、茎和叶的生长,表现为植株矮小,生根晚,前期根畸形生长(呈棒状或球状);(2)与单独使用0.5mg.L-1BA相比,低浓度PP333(0.01和0.1mg.L-1)与0.5mg.L-1BA组合促进茎的伸长和加粗;(3)2mg.L-1PP333与0.5mg.L-1BA组合能显著地提高愈伤组织芽的分化率和腋芽的萌发率,有利于试管苗的快速繁殖。     

PP333与BA组合对怀地黄试管苗生长发育的影响

本文研究了PP333与BA组合对怀地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa)试管苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比, 不同浓度的PP333与0.5 mg.L-1 BA组合均严重地抑制试管苗根、茎和叶的生长, 表现为植株矮小, 生根晚, 前期根畸形生长(呈棒状或球状); (2)与单独使用0.5 mg.L-1 BA相比, 低浓度PP333(0.01和0.1 mg.L-1)与0.5 mg.L-1 BA组合促进茎的伸长和加粗; (3) 2 mg.L-1 PP333与 0.5 mg.L-1 BA组合能显著地提高愈伤组织芽的分化率和腋芽的萌发率, 有利于试管苗的快速繁殖。     

PP333对怀地黄试管苗形态及生理特性的影响

研究PP333对怀地黄试管苗生长及一些生理指标的影响。通过单因子实验、比色法和愈创木酚法探讨PP333对试管苗的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PP333均促进试管苗芽的萌发,使根系粗壮,根数增加,低浓度PP333(0.01、0.05mg·L-1)促进试管苗茎的伸长生长,高浓度(0.1、2mg·L-1)抑制茎、叶生长,PP333浓度为2mg·L-1时壮苗效果最佳。PP333处理使试管苗生长中期叶片可溶性蛋白含量、POD活力提高。适宜浓度的PP333可以改变试管苗的生理特性,达到培育壮苗的目的。     

PP333对分蘖洋葱试管苗增殖和生根的影响

以MS 0.1 mg·L-1NAA 0.4 mg·L-1 6-BA为增殖培养基,1/2MS 1.5 mg·L-1IBA 0.01 mg·L-1NAA为生根培养基,添加不同浓度PP333的结果表明:增殖培养基中添加1.0 mg·L-1PP333对分蘖洋葱试管苗增殖生长有促进作用,减少超度含水态苗的发生;生根培养基中添加0.1 mg·L-1PP333对分蘖洋葱试管苗生根壮苗有良好效应.     

香石竹叶片离体再生体系的建立

以香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.)无菌苗叶片为外植体,从不同细胞分裂素及其他激素配合使用等方面进行筛选,建立香石竹叶片离体再生体系.结果表明,不同的细胞分裂素影响叶片不定芽分化频率,其中较低浓度的6-BA(0.5 mg·L-1)和TDZ(0.001 mg·L-1)配合使用能有效诱导香石竹叶片不定芽分化;添加一定浓度的PP333(4 mg·L-1)可提高叶片不定芽分化频率和平均芽数.香石竹叶片不定芽分化的适宜培养基为:MS 0.002mg·L-1TDZ 0.5 mg·L-16-BA 0.2 mg·L-1IAA 4 mg·L-1PP333;壮苗培养基为:MS 0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1IAA;生根培养基为:1/2 MS.不定芽诱导频率达到42.61%,平均芽数为4.53个.     

珍稀濒危植物香果树种质离体保存技术的研究

以香果树(Emmenopterys henryiOliv.)带芽茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,采用正交实验和单因子实验方法研究了培养温度、无机盐水平、蔗糖、甘露醇和植物生长抑制剂PP333对香果树试管苗离体保存的影响。结果表明,香果树带芽茎段在9℃低温下保存于附加2.0 mg.L-1KT、2.0 mg.L-16-BA、0.1 mg.L-1NAA、50 g.L-1蔗糖和10 g.L-1甘露醇的1/2MS培养基上,180 d后其成活率可达80%。PP333对香果树的离体保存也有显著影响,其中最适合的PP333浓度为6 mg.L-1,180 d后其成活率可达95%以上。离体保存后的试管苗经形态指标和生理生化指标测定以及RAPD分析检测没有发生遗传变异。本实验结果为珍稀濒危植物香果树的种质保存提供了一条简单有效的途径。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.