利用PROSPECT+SAIL模型反演植物生化参数的植被指数优化模拟

分析3个植被生化参数(叶绿素含量、叶片含水量和叶面积指数)对冠层光谱反射率变化的敏感程度以及影响波段区间,选择3个植被指数作为代价函数的优化比较对象,然后运用微粒群算法和PROSPECT+SAIL模型分别反演叶绿素含量、叶片含水量和叶面积指数,结果表明:基于植被指数作为优化比较对象的模型反演效率较全波段方法有所提高;叶绿素含量、叶片含水量和叶面积指数反演值与实测值的复相关系数分别为90.8％、95.7％和99.7％,均方根误差分别为4.73μg·cm-2、0.001 g·cm-2和0.08.采用植被指数作为优化比较对象可有效地提高基于PROSPECT+SAIL模型反演植被生化参数的精度和效率.     

基于辐射传输模型的高光谱植被指数与叶绿素浓度及叶面积指数的线性关系改进

高光谱植被指数以其特有的精细光谱特征, 能够获得非常细微的植被生理状况和环境胁迫差异, 因而使遥感技术在精细农业中的应用, 尤其是在叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数的反演上面有着广阔的应用前景。然而, 现有的植被指数往往和这2个参数呈非线性关系, 且只对某一区间的数值敏感, 无法适用于其它植被覆盖程度的研究。为了寻找合适的波段位置以改善植被指数与叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数的线性关系, 去除饱和区域, 进而提高这2个参数的实际估算精度, 该文选取了叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数, 以辐射传输模型PROSPECT和SAIL为基础, 模拟了这2个参数变化对3类高光谱植被指数(归一化植被指数(NDVI)、 优化的简单比值指数(MSR)和优化的叶绿素吸收率指数(MCARI))的影响。叶绿素浓度变化敏感性分析结果表明, 对这3类植被指数而言, 750 nm 和705 nm 的叶片反射率更适合实际的叶绿素浓度反演。以750 nm 和705 nm代替 800 nm/700 nm 和670 nm成功地提高了3类植被指数与叶绿素浓度的线性相关程度, 其中MCARI705 和叶绿素浓度基本呈线性关系。叶面积指数变化敏感性分析同样显示, 以750 nm 和705 nm 组成的植被指数能够获取更可靠的叶面积指数信息, 尤其对于高植被覆盖区域。其中MCARI705 能较好地降低随叶面积指数变化的饱和程度, 相比其它植被指数, 当叶面积指数大于8时, MCARI705 才出现明显的饱和。由于冠层的尺度效应, 波段位置的选择对植被指数与叶面积指数线性关系的改善不及对叶绿素浓度明显。     

基于辐射传输模型的高光谱植被指数与叶绿素浓度及叶面积指数的线性关系改进

高光谱植被指数以其特有的精细光谱特征,能够获得非常细微的植被生理状况和环境胁迫差异,因而使遥感技术在精细农业中的应用.尤其是在叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数的反演上面有着广阔的应用前景.然而,现有的植被指数往往和这2个参数呈非线性关系,且只对某一区间的数值敏感,无法适用于其它植被覆盖程度的研究.为了寻找合适的波段位置以改善植被指数与叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数的线性关系,去除饱和区域,进而提高这2个参数的实际估算精度,该文选取了叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数,以辐射传输模型PROSPECT和SAIL为基础,模拟了这2个参数变化对3类高光谱植被指数(归一化植被指数(NDVI)、优化的简单比值指数(MSR)和优化的叶绿素吸收率指数(MCARI))的影响.叶绿素浓度变化敏感性分析结果表明,对这3类植被指数而言,750 nm和705 nm的叶片反射率更适合实际的叶绿素浓度反演.以750 nm和705 nm代替800 nm/700 nm和670 nm成功地提高了3类植被指数与叶绿素浓度的线性相关程度,其中MCARI705和叶绿素浓度基本呈线性关系.叶面积指数变化敏感性分析I口j样显示,以750 nm和705 nm组成的植被指数能够获取更可靠的叶面积指数信息,尤其对于高植被覆盖区域.其中MCARI705能较好地降低随叶面积指数变化的饱和程度,相比其它植被指数,当叶面积指数大于8时,MCARI705才出现明显的饱和.由于冠层的尺度效应,波段位置的选择对植被指数与叶面积指数线性关系的改善不及对叶绿素浓度明显.     

基于Sentinel-2A影像干旱区棉花叶片SPAD数字制图

植被叶片叶绿素是农业遥感反演的重要参数,叶绿素含量的变化与植被生长环境的胁迫程度、生理变化密切相关,故将植被叶绿素进行实时、动态监测对农业生产极为重要。然而,传统经验模型及叶绿素精准测量存在困难。基于高分辨率的Sentinel-2A数据,在机器学习框架下,利用光谱信息、最适光谱指数和基于PROSAIL辐射传输模型的生物协变量构建3种建模方案(方案1:光谱信息和最适光谱指数联合,方案2:光谱信息和物理模型生物协变量联合,方案3:光谱信息、最适光谱指数和物理模型生物协变量联合)。最终基于优选出的建模方案进行棉花叶片叶绿素相对含量的空间数字制图。结果表明:(1)红边波段参与的最适光谱指数比值植被指数(RVI)与棉花叶片SPAD值相关性最高r=0.767,P^**=0.195;(2)将构建的17个变量进行重要性分析可知,构建的最适光谱指数比值植被指数(RVI)与物理模型生物协变量LAI-Cab对估算模型的精度贡献率较大;(3)建模方案构建植被指数时红边波段被确定为最优波段,在增加精度方面起到决定性作用;通过模型评价标准来分析3种方案可知,预测精度大小顺序为模型方案3>...     

干旱胁迫下雷竹叶片叶绿素的高光谱响应特征及含量估算

植物叶片的反射光谱特征与叶绿素含量密切相关。以重要的笋用竹种雷竹(Phyllostachys violascens)为研究对象,采用盆栽及控水试验方法研究了2年生雷竹在干旱胁迫条件下冠层叶片反射光谱的响应特征,分析了叶片叶绿素含量与不同波段光谱反射率一阶微分值以及光谱特征参数之间的相关关系,并以雷竹叶绿素含量敏感波段及构建的植被指数与叶绿素含量进行了拟合。结果表明,重度缺水处理后雷竹叶片叶绿素含量显著降低,在可见光区叶片光谱反射率随叶绿素含量的降低而增加,以波长493、639、693、756 nm等处的光谱反射率一阶微分值与叶绿素含量的相关性较高。雷竹叶片叶绿素含量与光谱特征参数如绿峰反射率、红谷反射率、蓝边面积、绿峰面积之间的相关性较高。与已有的植被指数相比基于雷竹叶绿素含量敏感波段修正后的植被指数与叶绿素含量相关性优于原植被指数。基于反射率一阶微分值构建的多元回归方程以及修正的绿色归一化植被指数(m GNDVI)构建的回归方程拟合效果较好,为雷竹叶绿素含量的较优估算方程。研究结果可以为雷竹叶绿素含量的快速无损测定以及季节性干旱条件下雷竹林的科学经营及灾后评估提供依据。     

冠层水平互花米草叶片光合色素含量的高光谱遥感估算模型

以闽江河口鳝鱼滩湿地互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的实测冠层高光谱反射率和叶片光合色素含量(LPPC)为数据源,在分析LPPC与原始光谱反射率、一阶导数光谱反射率、22种已报道光谱指数和14种新构建的植被指数相关性的基础上,利用直线回归、指数回归、对数回归以及乘幂回归方法,系统地比较了36种植被指数在估算互花米草LPPC中的表现。研究表明:(1)一阶导数光谱反射率组合的植被指数用于估算互花米草的LPPC优于原始光谱反射率;(2)红边区域一阶导数光谱是估测互花米草LPPC的最佳波段;(3)对于单一色素含量的估算,叶绿素a(Chla)的最佳估算指数为FDNDVI[723,703];叶绿素b(Chlb)的最佳估算指数为FDRVI[723,525];类胡萝卜素(Cars)的最佳估算指数为FDNDVI[723,703];(4)对于使用统一参量同时估算Chla、Chlb、Cars,由FDRVI[723,703]建立的对数估算模型效果最佳。研究成果可为湿地植物生化参量反演提供参考,也可为闽江河口湿地入侵种互花米草的动态监测和生态评估管理提供有力的科学依据。     

淹水胁迫下棉花叶片高光谱特征及叶绿素含量估算模型

为即时监测淹水胁迫下棉花功能叶叶绿素含量,确立叶绿素含量与单叶光谱特征参数的定量关系,本文以遮雨棚内蕾期淹水胁迫下的盆栽棉花为研究对象,淹水后每 3 d对棉花叶片进行测定、取样,综合分析叶绿素含量与高光谱特征参数的相关性,并构建和验证叶绿素含量的估算模型.结果表明: 随着淹水胁迫程度的加重,叶片叶绿素含量下降;叶片原始光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱反射率分别在580、697 nm波段附近与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关;利用差值指数和归一化指数建立的估算模型优于单波段线性模型,其中以植被指数(DR₆₉₇-DR₇₃₈)/(DR₆₉₇+DR₇₃₈)为自变量建立的模型棉花单叶叶绿素含量估算值与实测值拟合度最好,拟合系数为0.814,可用于淹水胁迫下棉花单叶叶绿素含量的估测.     

MODIS植被指数与水稻叶面积指数及叶片叶绿素含量相关性研究

利用光谱分辨率为3nm的ASD FieldSpec UV／VNIR光谱仪获得了2002和2003年水稻整个生长期的高光谱数据,同时对水稻叶面积指数(LAI)和叶绿素含量(CHL．Ｃ)进行了测定,对中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的增强植被指数(EVI)、归一化植被指数(NＤVI)以及红边位置(REP)与LAI及CHL．C之间的关系进行了研究．结果表明。LAI与冠层光谱在可见光、近红外波段相关性较好,叶绿素含量与冠层光谱在红光波段相关性较好．EVI、REP和LAI之间的相关关系不受水稻覆盖率的影响;NDVI与LAI的相关关系在水稻低覆盖率情况下较好;在水稻高覆盖率情况下。EVI和REP比NDVI与LAI之间的相关关系要好．MODIS-NDVI、EVI及REP与叶片叶绿素含量相关性较好．由此可见,EVI和REP可以有效地监测水稻LAI和CHL．C．     

高光谱与拟合多光谱植被指数反演武夷山亚高山草甸LAI的对比研究

植被叶面积指数(LeafAreaIndex,LAI)是重要的生态学参数,被广泛用于指示植被密度、生物量、碳、氮物质循环以及气候变化对生态系统的影响,也作为生态过程模型的重要输入参数。地面实测高光谱遥感数据能以更高的空间分辨率及更高的光谱分辨率监测植物的光谱特征,为精准反演LAI提供了基础。本项研究以武夷山国家公园黄岗山顶的亚高山草甸为研究对象,通过建立多种高光谱植被指数和拟合多光谱植被指数反演叶面积指数的统计模型,并比较高光谱与多光谱对叶面积指数反演的效果,阐明用于反演高覆盖率亚高山草甸的最适高光谱和拟合多光谱植被指数。结果表明:高光谱新植被指数(NVI)对于反演LAI有最好的效果, R²=0.85, P <0.01;依据高光谱NVI拟合而成的多光谱NVI反演结果次之, R²=0.82, P <0.01。几种常用比值植被指数NDVI、MSR、RVI和GNDVI在高光谱和拟合多光谱反演结果中相差不大,表现较好,R²都在0.65以上。通过对比高光谱和拟合Sentinel-2A和Landsat-8两种多光谱卫星波段...     

基于因子分析的苜蓿叶片叶绿素高光谱反演研究

因子分析是一种能够将具有错综复杂关系的变量归结为少数几个综合因子的多变量统计分析方法,在降低数据维数的同时又可以保存足够的信息,这为处理信息量丰富但冗余较大的高光谱数据提供了一种有效方法。本文利用2010年9月23日采集的16个样点的苜蓿叶片反射率及叶绿素含量数据,采用因子分析方法,分别提取苜蓿叶片反射率光谱400～900nm,以及可见光400nm～760nm和近红外760～900nm光谱区的公共因子,分析因子载荷分布、载荷总量对公共因子与叶绿素含量相关性的影响。利用逐步回归法建立基于公共因子的叶片叶绿素反演模型,并将反演模型与光谱指数建立的模型进行对比。研究表明,1）公共因子与叶片叶绿素的相关性,在更大程度上是与该因子在各个波段上载荷分布有关,而不是总载荷量;2）对波谱进行分区建立的反演模型略优于全区因子分析建立的反演模型;3）与常用于叶片叶绿素含量反演的光谱指数CARI、MCARI、mND680、mND705、mSR705、TVI、DmSR、BGI、BRI相比,因子分析建立的叶绿素反演模型精度更高。     

On the Use of Leaf Spectral Indices to Assess Water Status and Photosynthetic Limitations in Olea europaea L. during Water-Stress and Recovery

Diffusional limitations to photosynthesis, relative water content (RWC), pigment concentrations and their association with reflectance indices were studied in olive (Olea europaea) saplings subjected to water-stress and re-watering. RWC decreased sharply as drought progressed. Following rewatering, RWC gradually increased to pre-stress values. Photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g_s), mesophyll conductance (g_m), total conductance (g_t), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), water index (WI) and relative depth index (RDI) closely followed RWC. In contrast, carotenoid concentration, the carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio, water content reflectance index (WCRI) and structural independent pigment index (SIPI) showed an opposite trend to that of RWC. Photosynthesis scaled linearly with leaf conductance to CO₂; however, A measured under non-photorespiratory conditions (A_1%O2) was approximately two times greater than A measured at 21% [O₂], indicating that photorespiration likely increased in response to drought. A_1%O2 also significantly correlated with leaf conductance parameters. These relationships were apparent in saturation type curves, indicating that under non-photorespiratory conditions, CO₂ conductance was not the major limitations to A. PRI was significant correlated with RWC. PRI was also very sensitive to pigment concentrations and photosynthesis, and significantly tracked all CO₂ conductance parameters. WI, RDI and WCRI were all significantly correlated with RWC, and most notably to leaf transpiration. Overall, PRI correlated more closely with carotenoid concentration than SIPI; whereas WI tracked leaf transpiration more effectively than RDI and WCRI. This study clearly demonstrates that PRI and WI can be used for the fast detection of physiological traits of olive trees subjected to water-stress.     

Genetic variation in photosynthetic capacity, carbon isotope discrimination and mesophyll conductance in provenances of Castanea sativa adapted to different environments

1. Provenances of Castanea sativa from populations adapted to different climatic areas of Turkey were grown in a field trial in Italy. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in leaf dry matter and in leaf soluble sugar, were measured, along with photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance, to study the variability of primary productivity and its ecological significance in European Chestnut.
2. Genetic variations were found in RuBP carboxylase, chlorophyll, leaf soluble protein and leaf thickness.
3. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in leaf dry matter was greater in drought-adapted than in wet-adapted provenances. A similar variation of Δ was observed in leaf soluble carbohydrates either under watered or drought conditions. Possible environmental effects of variables such as vapour pressure difference, on the relationship between transpiration efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination are discussed, on the basis of short-term and long-term results.
4. Generally low values of Δ encountered among provenances were explained not only by low values of intercellular CO₂ partial pressure but also by consistently low values of mesophyll conductance leading to reduced chloroplastic CO₂ partial pressure. A decrease in mesophyll conductance was induced by water shortage. Co-ordination was found between stomatal and mesophyll conductance, with the drought-adapted provenances showing much higher mesophyll conductance than the wet-adapted provenances. Variations in mesophyll conductance were related to differences in leaf protein content.
5. Possible ecophysiological adaptive mechanisms are discussed taking into account stomatal sensitivity, modulation of photosynthetic capacity and water-use efficiency under drought conditions.     

Ontogenetic differences in mesophyll structure and chlorophyll distribution in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus

Mesophyll structure has been associated with the photosynthetic performance of leaves via the regulation of internal light and CO(2) profiles. Differences in mesophyll structure and chlorophyll distribution within three ontogenetically different leaf types of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus were investigated. Juvenile leaves are blue-grey in color, dorsiventral (adaxial palisade layer only), hypostomatous, and approximately horizontal in orientation. In contrast, adult leaves are dark green in color, isobilateral (adaxial and abaxial palisade), amphistomatous, and nearly vertical in orientation. The transitional leaf type has structural features that appear intermediate between the juvenile and adult leaves. The ratio of mesophyll cell surface area per unit leaf surface area (A(mes)/A) of juvenile leaves was maximum at the base of a single, adaxial palisade layer and declined through the spongy mesophyll. Chlorophyll a + b content showed a coincident pattern, while the chlorophyll a:b ratio declined linearly from the adaxial to abaxial epidermis. In comparison, the mesophyll of adult leaves had a bimodal distribution of A(mes)/A, with maxima occurring beneath both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces within the first layer of multiple palisade layers. The distribution of chlorophyll a + b content had a similar pattern, although the maximum ratio of chlorophyll a:b occurred immediately beneath the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The matching distributions of A(mes)/A and chlorophyll provide further evidence that mesophyll structure may act to influence photosynthetic performance. These changes in internal leaf structure at different life stages of E. globulus may be an adaptation for increased xeromorphy under increasing light exposure experienced from the seedling to adult tree, similar to the characteristics reported for different species according to sunlight exposure and water availability within their native habitats.     

基于PROSAIL辐射传输模型的毛竹林分冠层反射率模拟研究

冠层光谱反射率直接关系到毛竹（Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel）林冠层参数的反演,对毛竹林地土壤肥力间接估测具有重要意义。以PROSPECT5、PROSAIL模型为基础,从叶片尺度和冠层尺度分析模型参数对叶片和冠层反射率的影响,构建毛竹冠层叶面积指数（LAI）-冠层反射率查找表并通过代价函数选取最优冠层反射率,从而实现毛竹林分冠层反射率的准确模拟。结果表明,在叶片尺度,PROSPECT模型参数敏感性从高到低依次为叶肉结构参数（N） > 叶绿素含量（C_ab） > 等效水厚度（EWT） > 干物质含量（C_m） > 类胡萝卜素含量（C_ar）;在冠层尺度,PROSAIL模型参数敏感性从高到低依次为LAI > C_ab > EWT > C_m > N > C_ar > ALA（平均叶倾角）;叶片尺度反射率整体大于冠层尺度反射率;在400~900 nm波长范围内,PROSAIL模型模拟的冠层光谱反射率与实测光谱反射率拟合效果较好,相对误差为6.71%。     

Heterophylly results in a variety of “spectral signatures” in aquatic plant species

The leaf reflectance spectra (280–887 nm) of two heterophyllous aquatic plant species Polygonum amphibium (L.) and Nuphar luteum (L.) were compared and their relation to physical properties of the leaves examined. In P. amphibium contrasting environmental conditions along water–land gradient affected the majority of anatomical and morphological properties of leaves, but less differences were observed in photosynthetic pigment and total flavonoid contents. Leaf mass per area (LMA), palisade mesophyll, leaf thickness, trichome length and anthocyanin content per dry mass were correlated to the different parts of spectra. In N. luteum natant and submerged leaves differed significantly in all measured parameters. Chlorophyll a, anthocyanin and carotenoid contents per dry mass were related to reflectance in the red region, while leaf thickness, anthocyanin and total flavonoid contents per leaf area were related to reflectance in the near infrared region. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated that in P. amphibium the average length of trichomes and LMA explained 72% and 6% variability of the spectra, whereas in N. luteum anthocyanin content per dry mass, explained 57% variability of the spectra. The comparison of natant leaves of both species showed that they were more similar than different leaf types within the single species.     

Estimating near-infrared leaf reflectance from leaf structural characteristics

The relationship between near-infrared reflectance at 800 nm (NIRR) from leaves and characteristics of leaf structure known to affect photosynthesis was investigated in 48 species of alpine angiosperms. This wavelength was selected to discriminate the effects of leaf structure vs. chemical or water content on leaf reflectance. A quantitative model was first constructed correlating NIRR with leaf structural characteristics for six species, and then validated using all 48 species. Among the structural characteristics tested in the reflectance model were leaf trichome density, the presence or absence of both leaf bicoloration and a thick leaf cuticle (>1 μm), leaf thickness, the ratio of palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll thickness (PM/SM), the proportion of the mesophyll occupied by intercellular air spaces (%IAS), and the ratio of mesophyll cell surface area exposed to IAS (A(mes)) per unit leaf surface area (A), or A(mes)/A. Multiple regression analysis showed that measured NIRR was highly correlated with A(mes)/A, leaf bicoloration, and the presence of a thick leaf cuticle (r = 0.93). In contrast, correlations between NIRR and leaf trichome density, leaf thickness, the PM/SM ratio, or %IAS were relatively weak (r < 0.25). A model incorporating A(mes)/A, leaf bicoloration, and cuticle thickness predicted NIRR accurately for 48 species (r = 0.43; P < 0.01) and may be useful for linking remotely sensed data to plant structure and function.     

Cladocera in shallow lakes from the Ecuadorian Andes show little response to recent climate change

Floating-leaved rhizophytes and pleustophytes are the first barrier to Sun’s rays and significantly affect the light regime of the water column. To evaluate these effects on light attenuation, the reflectance and transmittance spectra variability were examined according to the leaf traits within three plant groups: (1) seed plants with green abaxial surfaces; (2) seed plants with red abaxial surfaces; and (3) ferns with trichomes. Specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll a and b, and UV-B and UV-A-absorbing substances differed between these three groups. The ‘spectral signatures’ of floating-leaved seed plants are similar to those of terrestrial seed plants, with a peak in the green region and a pronounced ‘red edge’. Ferns transmitted more light along the whole spectrum compared to other species. Most reflectance and transmittance spectra variability of the first group was explained by SLA. In the second group, 36% of the reflectance spectra variability was explained by tissue density and carotenoids, and 48% of the transmittance spectra variability by carotenoids, anthocyanins and SLA. In ferns, the reflectance spectra variability was mainly explained by chlorophylls, and partly by trichome length and mesophyll thickness, with the transmittance spectra variability significantly affected by chlorophyll b.     

The applicability of empirical vegetation indices for determining leaf chlorophyll content over different leaf and canopy structures

Retrieving leaf chlorophyll content at a range of spatio-temporal scales is central to monitoring vegetation productivity, identifying physiological stress and managing biological resources. However, estimating leaf chlorophyll over broad spatial extents using ground-based traditional methods is time and resource heavy. Satellite-derived spectral vegetation indices (VIs) are commonly used to estimate leaf chlorophyll content, however they are often developed and tested on broadleaf species. Relatively little research has assessed VIs for different leaf structures, particularly needle leaves which represent a large component of boreal forest and significant global ecosystems. This study tested the performance of 47 published VIs for estimating foliar chlorophyll content from different leaf and canopy structures (broadleaf and needle). Coniferous and deciduous sites were selected in Ontario, Canada, representing different dominant vegetation species (Picea mariana and Acer saccharum) and a variety of canopy structures. Leaf reflectance data was collected using an ASD Fieldspec Pro spectroradiometer (400–2500 nm) for over 300 leaf samples. Canopy reflectance data was acquired from the medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS). At the canopy level, with both leaf types combined, the DD-index showed the strongest relationship with leaf chlorophyll (R² = 0.78; RMSE = 3.56 μg/cm²), despite differences in leaf structure. For needleleaf trees alone the relationship with the top VI was weaker (D_[red], R² = 0.71; RMSE = 2.32 μg/cm²). A sensitivity study using simulated VIs from physically-modelled leaf (PROSPECT) and canopy (4-Scale) reflectance was performed in order to further investigate these results and assess the impacts of different background types and leaf area index on the VIs’ performance. At the leaf level, the MNDVI8 index showed a strong linearity to changing chlorophyll and negligible difference to leaf structure/type. At canopy level, the best performing VIs were relatively consistent where LAI ≥ 4, but responded strongly to differences in background at low canopy coverage (LAI = 2). This research provides comprehensive assessments for the use of spectral indices in retrieval of spatially-continuous leaf chlorophyll content at the leaf (MTCI: R² = 0.72; p < 0.001) and canopy (DD: R² = 0.78; p < 0.001) level for resource management over different spatial and temporal scales.     

Leaf optical properties in amphibious plant species are affected by multiple leaf traits

The amphibious plant species Sagittaria sagittifolia and Ranunculus lingua here serve as model systems to study differences in leaf optical properties of different leaf types that develop in aquatic and terrestrial environments. We aimed to determine leaf traits that explain most of the variability in the reflectance and transmittance spectra in the range from 280 to 880 nm. Comparisons of leaves of the same form revealed marked differences in their structures and particularly in the content of total methanol-soluble UV-absorbing compounds. Submerged leaves transmit radiation over the whole range measured, but emerged leaves transmit only at wavelengths from 500 to 650 nm, and above 690 nm. Redundancy analysis shows that biochemical leaf traits, namely the UV-absorbing compounds chlorophyll a and b, together with the specific leaf area (SLA), significantly affect the reflectance spectra, explaining 60% of the spectra variability. Pigment levels negatively affect reflectance, while the effect of SLA is positive. Physical traits like thickness of the palisade mesophyll, SLA, and thickness of the lower and upper epidermis, along with anthocyanin content, explain 62% of the transmittance spectra variability. This study provides new insight into the understanding of data collected for aquatic and semi-aquatic plants based on spectral analyses.     

基于PROSAIL辐射传输模型的毛竹林叶面积指数遥感反演

采用PROSAIL辐射传输模型建立毛竹林叶面积指数(LAI) 冠层反射率查找表,并结合Landsat TM卫星遥感数据,实现了毛竹林LAI的定量反演.结果表明： PROSAIL模型各输入参数的敏感性由高到低依次为LAI>叶绿素含量(C_ab)>叶片结构参数(N)>平均叶倾角(ALA)>等效水厚度(C_w)>干物质含量(C_m),并以LAI、C_ab两个主要敏感因子用于构建毛竹林LAI 冠层反射率查找表;基于PROSAIL模型的毛竹林LAI遥感反演结果与实测LAI具有很好的一致性,二者相关系数为0.90,均方根误差和相关的均方根误差也较小,分别为0.58和13.0%,但也存在反演LAI平均值高于实际值的问题.