齐白石的昆虫画和相关邮品欣赏

齐白石(1864～1957)生于湖南湘潭,是我国近代艺术大师,他擅长画花鸟鱼虫。他继承了中国传统绘画和民间艺术的精华,常以写意笔法画花卉,以工笔画昆虫,形成了独特的艺术风格。本文介绍邮票上的齐白石昆虫绘画。     

始祖地猿：像人一样行走

美国印第安纳大学的科学家今年年初在《自然》杂志上报告说,他们在埃塞俄比亚戈纳地区发现了迄今数量最多、所属个体最多的一批始祖地猿化石。这一发现使人类在寻找"最早的人"的征途中又迈出了坚实的一步。     

蝴蝶文化趣谈

文章综述蝴蝶的名称、蝴蝶与诗词、故事、服饰、邮票、绘画、工艺品、婚配、音乐和节日10个文化领域有关的内容,揭示蝴蝶对人类文化生活的重要影响,以期使人们更好的理解保护蝴蝶多样性的重要性。     

当代体验式花文化研究—以木芙蓉为例

中国花文化流传久远,历经了古代农业社会、近现代工业社会及当代后现代社会。本文以木芙蓉(Hibiscus mutabilis)为例,详细论述了在中国古代、近现代社会文化中花文化的发展过程及形成的内涵和表现形式。在分析后现代社会文化的基础上,分析了各类花文化的体验因子数值,并研究了适宜于当代的体验式花文化。     

多媒体时代黑板画在生物教学中的应用

多媒体展示较多的知识及信息量,在教学过程中学生不易抓住课堂的重点及难点,好的板书对于呈现教学内容与条理起着十分重要的作用。在课堂教学中,良好运用黑板画要做到黑板画的准确性,注重美感和整体布局,要化繁为简,化抽象为具体。绘图时要注意色彩,配合实物、模型或挂图。     

当代大学生思想教育中心理学的应用

当代大学生的教育工作中,思想教育工作的重要性一直是不容忽视的。然而展开思想教育的过程和方法却需要仔细研究,要有科学的思路。在当代大学生思想教育的实践中,心理学的作用越来越重要。在高校学生的思想教育中,心理学的运用,对提高思想教育的时效性有着非常好的作用。基于此,本文主要从心理学知识在在当代大学生的思想教育中应用的重要性展开论述,对现阶段心理学知识的实际运用村在的问题做简要分析,并对相关问题提出相应的措施建议,希望对未来的大学生思想教育的进一步深化开展有一定作用。     

吉林省集安地区蝴蝶种类和生态考察报告

为了解掌握吉林集安地区蝴蝶种类及资源的本底资料.笔者在该地区开展了为期三年的蝶类资源考察,采用人工捕捉法捕获蝶类,并对捕获的蝶类进行分类鉴定,已发现蝶类8科64属104种.经调查初步摸清了集安地区蝶类的种类,为今后开展集安地区蝶类调查研究工作提供了科学依据.     

Metonyms of modernity in contemporary Syrian music and painting

This essay examines painting and music in modern Syria as cultural practices that give voice to modernist sensibilities. I argue that two important spatial and temporal tropes structure the aesthetics of authenticity in Syrian visual and musical arts: the old city and the countryside. Through recourse to these metonymic representations and evocations, Syrian artists articulate a vision of modernity in which discourses of emotion and sentiment are important bases of authentic Syrian cultural identity. In this manner they offer an alternative to European ideologies of modernity that have stressed rationality. At the same time they promote critical responses to the modern Syrian state.     

Bionic research of photothermal conversion performance based on butterfly wings

As the demand for sustainable construction practices increases, innovative ideas are being explored for the construction of insulated wall panels in contemporary buildings. The butterfly is a remarkable organism that uses a thermostatic mechanism to regulate its body temperature. The microstructure on the surface of its wing scales is responsible for reflecting incident light multiple times, extending the optical path, and increasing the light absorption, thus ensuring that its body temperature remains stable. This microstructure, also known as the light capture structure, has been simulated and analyzed using ANSYS software. The results indicate that this structure can improve the light-thermal conversion efficiency in the illuminated region, thus increasing the local heat using light radiation. Additionally, due to the unique arrangement of units in the light capture structure, the heat exchange rate with air is significantly reduced, resulting in a low heat flux. Therefore, if this butterfly-like trapped light structure is applied to the insulated wall panels, the requirements of modern architectural concepts can be realized.     

Host plant adaptation during contemporary range expansion in the monarch butterfly

Herbivores that have recently expanded their host plant ranges provide opportunities to test hypotheses about the evolution of host plant specialization. Here, we take advantage of the contemporary global range expansion of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and conduct a reciprocal rearing experiment involving monarch populations with divergent host plant assemblages. Specifically, we ask the following questions: (1) Do geographically disparate populations of monarch butterflies show evidence for local adaptation to their host plants? If so, what processes contribute to this pattern? (2) How is dietary breadth related to performance across multiple host species in monarch populations? (3) Does the coefficient of variation in performance vary across sympatric versus allopatric hosts? We find evidence for local adaptation in larval growth rate and survival based on sympatric/allopatric contrasts. Migratory North American monarchs, which have comparatively broad host breadth, have higher mean performance than derived nonmigratory populations across all host plant species. Monarchs reared on their sympatric host plants show lower coefficient of variation in performance than monarchs reared on allopatric hosts. We focus our discussion on possible mechanisms contributing to local adaptation to novel host plants and potential explanations for the reduction in performance that we observed in derived monarch populations.     

The conservation of declining butterfly populations in Britain and Europe: priorities, problems and successes

The status, ecology and conservation of butterflies in Europe and Britain are reviewed, as a background to the National Trust's past and future contribution to British conservation. Britain has a poor butterfly fauna by European standards, the main areas of endemism and species richness being in the Alps and southern Europe. To date, the main declines among European butterfly populations have occurred across central-northern Europe, with slightly higher extinction rates in mainland countries than in Britain. The main causes of decline are biotope destruction, the loss of certain species' habitats within surviving semi-natural biotopes due to changed land management, and a failure by several species to track the patches of their habitat that are still being generated in modern fragmented landscapes. Until recently, most conservation programmes failed to take account of the latter two factors, resulting in many local extinctions of rare butterfly species even in conservation areas. Recent measures have been much more successful; many were first tested on National Trust properties.     

The acoustic repertoire of lycaenid butterfly larvae

Sounds and vibrations play vital roles in intra- and inter-specific communication of many insect taxa, for sexual display, defence and social recruitment. In Lepidoptera, sound production occurs in larvae, pupae and adults and has evolved in response to selection of sexual or defensive traits. About 75% of the 6000 estimated lycaenid butterflies are associated with ants (termed “myrmecophilous species”) and many species produce acoustic emissions during pre-imaginal development. It was initially believed that these acoustic emissions were only produced by myrmecophilous species, but later studies showed that the ability to produce sounds may be universal among this butterfly family. The acoustic repertoire of the late-instar larvae of 12 lycaenid species (Polyommatinae and Lycaeninae), showing different degrees of interaction with ants, was analysed by investigating 12 acoustic parameters measured on the call fundamental unit (pulse). All samples produced species-specific calls whose spectra were characterized by harmonic frequency components. The inter-specific call diversity better reflects the level of association with ants than the taxonomic relationships between species. Our results support the hypothesis that the ability to emit acoustic signals is widespread in lycaenids, and that these emissions play a role in myrmecophilous interactions.     

黄山地区蝶类初步调查

通过对黄山地区蝶类的初步调查,获得11科,121种,其呈些属珍稀种类,如金裳风蝶、宽尾凤蝶、银白蛱蝶、橙翅襟粉蝶等。     

麦积山风景区不同生境类型蝶类的多样性

于2003~2004年对麦积山地区不同生境类型中蝴蝶多样性进行调查研究。依据海拔高度、气候、土壤和植被的不同将该地区的蝴蝶生境划分为3种类型:林缘山地、森林林地、裸岩。共收集蝴蝶3950只,隶属8科43属64种。计算了3种生境类型中蝶类物种丰富度、相似性系数、多样性指数。其中,蝴蝶物种丰富度由大到小为森林林地(8·8359)>林缘山地(6·1442)>裸岩(1·4711),物种多样性指数由大到小为森林林地(H'=1·4068)>裸岩(H'=0·9746)>林缘山地(H'=0·9201);森林林地和林缘山地的相似性系数最高(0·2221),其次是林缘山地和裸岩(0·0869),森林林地和裸岩相似性系数最低(0·0656)。     

The monarch butterfly controversy: scientific interpretations of a phenomenon

The future development and use of agricultural biotechnology has been challenged by two preliminary studies indicating potential risk to monarch butterfly populations by pollen from corn engineered to express proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. Likewise, these studies have also challenged the way in which science should be performed, published in scientific journals and communicated to the public at large. Herein, we provide a history of the monarch controversy to date. We believe a retrospective view may be useful for providing insights into the proper roles and responsibilities of scientists, the media and public agencies and the consequences when they go awry.     

青海祁连地区不同生境类型蝶类多样性研究

于1997－1999年对青海祁连地区不同生境类型中蝴蝶多样性进行了研究。研究中依据海拔高度、气候、土壤和植被的不同将该地区的蝴蝶生境划分为5种类型：山缘农田、山地草原、森林草原、高寒灌丛草甸、裸岩。共收集蝴蝶4367只,隶属于6科35属53种,计算了5种生境类型中蝶类物种丰富度、相似性系数、多样性指数,其中,蝶类物种丰富度由小到大的顺序为：裸岩（6种）＜山地草原（13种）＜森林草原（14种）＜高寒灌丛草甸（22种）＜山缘农田（H′＝2.7071）、高寒灌丛草甸（H′=2.7734）;森林草原和山缘农田的相似性系数最高（0.3704）,其次为山地草原和高寒灌丛草甸（0.2500,裸岩与其他生境类型的相似性系数最低。