瓦宁木层孔菌中多酚和黄酮类成分分离及清除自由基活性的研究

采用硅胶和反相C18柱层析方法,首次从瓦宁木层孔菌中分离得到了5个化合物,运用NMR波谱法分析和鉴定为樱花亭、7-甲氧基二氢莰非素、二氢莰非素、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮、hispolon。并通过建立体外二苯基苦味酰基苯肼自由基（·DPPH）、超氧阴离子自由基（·O2?）以及羟自由基（·OH）发生体系,研究了5个化合物对·DPPH、·OH和·O2?的清除作用。结果表明当浓度达到100μg/mL时,化合物4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮和hispolon对·DPPH清除率分别为92%和93%,对·OH的清除率分别为90%和95%,而对·O2?的清除率分别为70%和77%,略低于清除·DPPH和·OH的能力;二氢莰非素对·O2?自由基的清除率为39%,强于清除·OH和·DPPH的能力;而樱花亭和7-甲氧基二氢莰非素对3种自由基的清除率均低于30%。2个多酚类化合物清除自由基的能力均强于3个黄酮类化合物。5个化合物清除自由基能力均表现出一定的浓度依赖性。     

茯苓多糖抗氧化性研究

采用分光光度法研究了茯苓多糖提取物的体外抗氧化作用,并与Vc进行比较.结果表明其具有较强的抗氧化能力,在清除DPPH·的体系中和还原能力体系中,样品的清除能力均超过Vc,但在羟基自由基·OH和超氧阴离子O-2体系中,其清除能力低于对照样Vc.     

菟丝子黄酮体外清除自由基活性的研究

采用DPPH体系、羟基自由基体系、烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系对菟丝子黄酮的抗氧化活性进行研究,并同Vc、BHT进行了比较。结果表明:在试验质量浓度范围内(0.008 mg/mL~1 mg/mL),菟丝子黄酮对DPPH.、.OH自由基、O2-.自由基的清除率可达91.56%、89.39%和87.65%;其对烷基自由基的抑制率为84.22%,且其抗氧化活性强于Vc和BHT,表明菟丝子黄酮是一种天然有效的自由基清除剂。     

染料木素、槲皮素及其化学修饰物清除自由基能力研究

分别采用Fenton反应.邻菲罗啉显色法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和紫外可见分光光度法,考察染料木素、槲皮素及其化学修饰物清除·OH、·O2-和DPPH自由基能力.结果显示,槲皮素铬配合物清除·OH、·O2-和DPPH自由基能力大大高于其母体槲皮素,同时,其稳定性和抗自氧化的能力亦得到提高;染料木素铬配合物清除·OH和·O2-自由基的能力高于其母体染料木素,其清除·OH自由基的能力提高最为显著;染料木素糖苷修饰物清除三种自由基能力与其母体相比无显著提高.因此,染料木素铬和槲皮素铬配合物是一类高活性、高稳定性自由基清除剂或与自由基相关疾病新药的候选物,值得进一步研究.     

柠条锦鸡儿不同极性部位抗氧化及抗须癣毛癣菌活性初筛

本文对柠条锦鸡儿的花、叶、枝皮和根皮的乙醇提取物进行了极性部位的分离,并对各部位的提取物进行了抗氧化及抗须癣毛癣菌的活性筛选。抗氧化活性通过DPPH、ABTS、羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)自由基的清除能力来评价,抗须癣毛癣菌活性通过抑菌圈实验来进行初步筛选。结果表明,以Vc为对照,柠条锦鸡儿花和叶的提取物具有很好的DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力,尤其是它们的乙酸乙酯部位;但所有的提取物对·OH和O_2~-·自由基的清除能力均较弱(P0.001)。抑菌圈实验发现,花、叶和枝皮的乙酸乙酯部位具有一定的抗菌活性,其中枝皮的抗菌活性最好;通过测定生物量,当秋季采集枝皮乙酸乙酯部位提取物浓度为128μg/m L其抑菌率可达到50%。活性筛选结果说明柠条锦鸡儿的花、叶和枝皮具有一定的深入开发潜力。     

黑老虎叶总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为探讨超声波辅助提取黑老虎叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件及其抗氧化活性,该文以黑老虎叶为研究对象,采用超声波提取法提取黑老虎叶总黄酮,通过单因素试验研究提取时间、乙醇浓度、提取温度、料液比对黑老虎叶总黄酮提取率的影响在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化其提取工艺条件,测试了最优条件下提取的黑老虎叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子的清除能力。结果表明:黑老虎叶总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳提取条件为提取时间35 min、乙醇浓度80%、提取温度50℃、料液比1:20g·mL^-1最佳条件下提取率为4.83%。抗氧化活性测试结果显示,黑老虎叶总黄酮表现出较好的清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子能力,其抗氧化能力为清除DPPH自由基能力>清除超氧阴离子能力>清除·OH自由基能力。在浓度为0.8 mg·mL^-1时,黑老虎叶总黄酮清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子的能力相当于同浓度下Vc的97.6%、82.1%、95.5%,黑老虎叶总黄酮是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。上述结果为黑老虎叶活性成分的提取及开发利用提供了理论基...     

唐古特白刺果实花色苷体外清除自由基的活性

为探讨唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorun Bobr.)果实花色苷体外清除自由基活性,研究了其对超氧阴离子(O-2·)体系、羟基自由基(·OH)体系和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)体系的清除效果,并与抗坏血酸(vc)进行了比较.结果表明,该花色苷对O-2·、·OH、DPPH·均具有清除作用,且与浓度呈量效关系.对·OH和DPPH·清除效果相对较好,优于Vc.     

青海沙棘果粉抗氧化活性的研究

为了深入了解青海沙棘果粉的品质,助其实现规模化生产,从1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)体系、羟基自由基(·OH)体系、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)体系和亚硝酸盐(NO-2)的清除效果方面着手,研究了其体外清除自由基活性。结果表明,青海沙棘果粉对DPPH·、·OH、O-2·和NO-2均有清除作用,且对DPPH·、·OH的清除能力优于O-2·和NO-2。     

3'-大豆苷元磺酸钠的体外抗氧化研究

为研究3'-大豆苷元磺酸钠(DSS)的体外抗氧化活性,测定了DSS对超氧自由基(O2·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2.苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力,及其对Fe2 诱导的脂质过氧化反应和β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸自氧化体系的抑制作用.结果表明,DSS对DPPH·有一定的清除能力,对超氧自由基的清除能力较强,能很好地清除·OH自由基,对脂质过氧化有一定的抑制作用,对β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸自氧化体系有明显的抑制作用.说明DSS的药理作用可能与其较强的抗氧化能力有关.     

翅茎香青中黄酮物质的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

目的:以翅茎香青的茎、叶和花为研究对象,测定其总黄酮含量及其黄酮粗提物对羟自由基(OH·)和超氧自由基(02-·)的清除能力.方法:用索氏提取法以乙醇(95%)为溶剂提取翅茎香青各部位的黄酮物质,采用紫外分光光度法对各部位总黄酮含量以及黄酮粗提物对OH·及02-·的清除率进行测定.结果:实验结果表明:翅茎香青花的总黄酮含量较高,对OH·的清除作用也较好,其叶的黄酮粗提物对O2-·的抑制作用较好.结论:翅茎香青茎、叶和花的黄酮粗提物对OH·和O2-·均具有一定的清除活性,这将为我们日后的研究工作起到铺垫及导向作用.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.