大凌河口湿地水盐梯度下翅碱蓬的生态阈值

基于大凌河口湿地翅碱蓬生物量、密度、株高、株重等生物指标之间极显著的相关性,选取生物量为指标,研究不同土壤理化因子条件下,翅碱蓬种群分布的变化规律。结果表明:翅碱蓬生物量自然对数分别与土壤盐分、水分含量之间具有极显著的一元二次曲线拟合关系,表明翅碱蓬群落分布受土壤水分、盐分的影响;用高斯模型求解出大凌河口湿地翅碱蓬随土壤水盐变化的生态阈值,翅碱蓬的最适土壤盐分为12.14 g·kg-1,生态阈值区间为5.02~19.26 g·kg-1,最适生态阈值区间为8.58~15.70 g·kg-1;翅碱蓬最适土壤水分为59.82%,生态阈值区间为22.02%~97.62%,最适生态阈值区间为40.92%~78.72%。上述研究结论为河口湿地翅碱莲生境保护与植被修复提供了科学依据。     

盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)APX 基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达

从盐地碱蓬 (Suaedasalsa)中克隆了抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (ascorbateperoxidase ,APX)的全长cDNA(SsAPX) ,基因注册号为AY0 34 893。SsAPX全长 1.1kb ,推导的氨基酸序列长为 2 5 0个氨基酸残基。BLAST同源性分析表明 ,该cDNA与已报告的菠菜(Spinaciaoleracea)细胞质抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因同源性最高 ,在核苷酸水平上一致性为 87% ,在氨基酸水平上一致性为 89%。Southern杂交表明APX基因在盐地碱蓬基因组中只有 1个拷贝。盐 (NaCl 40 0mmol/L)处理不同时间后的Northern杂交分析表明盐地碱蓬中SsAPX基因在盐胁迫下表达量增加 ,而且在盐胁迫下抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性也显著地增加 ,说明该基因受盐诱导。推测抗坏血酸过氧化物酶可能在保护盐地碱蓬免受氧化损伤的过程中起到一定作用     

真盐生植物囊果碱蓬(Suaeda physophora)脱水种子子叶叶绿素特征及其对植物萌发阶段适应盐渍环境的生态意义

本研究观察到囊果碱蓬(Suaeda physophora)脱水种子子叶含有深绿色色素, 分别在645和663 nm波长下测定了脱水种子子叶和黑暗中在去离子水半浸没12 h的种子子叶内色素含量及其在400~700 nm波长范围内的光谱吸收特征曲线, 并与囊果碱蓬真叶内的叶绿素光吸收特征曲线进行比较, 结果显示这种色素是叶绿素, 其光吸收特征曲线与真叶叶绿素的几乎完全相同, 表明这种叶绿素具有和真叶叶绿素相近的生理功能. 通过光合能力测定发现, 囊果碱蓬脱水种子吸水6 h后就能进行光合放氧. 用电子显微镜观测了在去离子水和700 mmol/L NaCl溶液中处理1天和10天的囊果碱蓬种子的叶绿体形态, 同时对胚根细胞质膜的受损伤程度进行了组织化学染色观测, 并以同为黎科、且脱水种子子叶中也存在叶绿体的旱生植物白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)为对照进行同步观测. 结果表明, 相对于非盐生植物白梭梭, 高盐度下囊果碱蓬种子的子叶叶绿体结构、胚根细胞质膜均保持完好, 表现出很强的抗盐能力. 黑暗条件下囊果碱蓬种子在去离子水和700 mmol/L NaCl溶液中的萌发过程是渐进式的, 72~84 h才能达到萌发高峰; 但是在700 mmol/L NaCl溶液中浸泡10天而未萌发的种子移到去离子水中以后的恢复萌发则是爆发式的, 在24 h之内即达到萌发高峰, 并且这些种子具有光合能力. 因此可以推断, 高浓度的盐分对于真盐生植物囊果碱蓬的快速恢复萌发具有激发效应, 这种特性保证了种子在自然条件下能够在早春短暂的、适宜的土壤低盐分条件下迅速萌发; 干燥种子子叶中保留的具有完整结构的叶绿体则可通过光合作用保证萌发了的幼苗迅速生长, 建立种群.     

Ecological thresholds of Suaeda salsa to the environmental gradients of water table depth and soil salinity

The responses of Suaeda salsa to the environmental gradients of water table depth and soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta, China were analyzed from the aspect of ecological thresholds which were developed from the Gaussian model. Based on the correlation analysis of population biomass, density, height, coverage and abundance of Suaeda salsa, population biomass was selected as the population index for further analysis. The results indicated that the optimum water table depth for the growth of Suaeda salsa was about ?0.42 m, the ecological thresholds were from ?0.92 m to 0.08 m, and the optimum ecological thresholds were from ?0.67 m to ?0.17 m. To the soil salinity gradient, the optimum was about 12.71 g/kg, the ecological thresholds were from 5.17 g/kg to 20.25 g/kg, and the optimum ecological thresholds were from 8.94 g/kg to 16.48 g/kg. However, the effect of water-salinity interaction seemed to be important to the growth of Suaeda salsa, which was discussed through analyzing the water table depth-soil salinity relationship and their interactions. By using Ward cluster analysis and Gamma distances, 69 sampling sites were classified into 7 kinds of Suaeda salsa communities. It was found that there was a remarkable response of the community structure of Suaeda salsa to the water table depth and soil salinity gradients, which can be a switchover from xeromorphic and saline-alkali plants to limnophytes, and vice versa.     

Ecological thresholds of Suaeda salsa to the environmental gradients of water table depth and soil salinity

The responses of Suaeda salsa to the environmental gradients of water table depth and soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta, China were analyzed from the aspect of ecological thresholds which were developed from the Gaussian model. Based on the correlation analysis of population biomass, density, height, coverage and abundance of Suaeda salsa, population biomass was selected as the population index for further analysis. The results indicated that the optimum water table depth for the growth of Suaeda salsa was about −0.42 m, the ecological thresholds were from −0.92 m to 0.08 m, and the optimum ecological thresholds were from −0.67 m to −0.17 m. To the soil salinity gradient, the optimum was about 12.71 g/kg, the ecological thresholds were from 5.17 g/kg to 20.25 g/kg, and the optimum ecological thresholds were from 8.94 g/kg to 16.48 g/kg. However, the effect of water-salinity interaction seemed to be important to the growth of Suaeda salsa, which was discussed through analyzing the water table depth-soil salinity relationship and their interactions. By using Ward cluster analysis and Gamma distances, 69 sampling sites were classified into 7 kinds of Suaeda salsa communities. It was found that there was a remarkable response of the community structure of Suaeda salsa to the water table depth and soil salinity gradients, which can be a switchover from xeromorphic and saline-alkali plants to limnophytes, and vice versa.     

The sediment burial depth and salinity control the early developments of Suaeda salsa in the Yellow River Delta

Sediment deposition is a common phenomenon in the estuary area. Pot control experiments were conducted to evaluate the interaction effects of sediment burial depth and salt stress on the seed germination and early seedling growth of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall., an pioneer species of tidal wetland near the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that the percentage of seedling emergence, seedling emergence rate, seedling height, branch number, shoot biomass and root biomass were all significantly affected by salt stress and sediment burial depth. While the interaction of salt and burial depth significantly influenced the branch number, leaf biomass, shoot biomass and total plant biomass. Only 5 cm burial depth without salt stress should 6.25 ± 3.61% seedlings emergence. With the increasing of sediment burial depth and salt stress, percentage of seedling emergence, seedling emergence rate and plant height decreased significantly. However, under the salt treatment of 0 and 1%, the branch number increased dramatically with the increasing of sediment burial depth from 0 to 3 cm. The ratio of leaf to total biomass increased with increasing of burial depth, on the contrary, the ratio of root to total biomass decreased. 0–1 cm sediment burial depth was proved the suitable depths for seed germination of S. salsa in the coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how to improve the seedling establishment of S. salsa under the dynamic changes of sediment deposition and salinity in the coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta.     

翅碱蓬对镉的耐性及吸收特性的研究

重金属Cd具有高毒性,对生物体危害较大.盘锦红海滩优势物种翅碱蓬能够吸收一定量的重金属,因此可用于湿地滩涂污染的原位修复.通过水培的方法,以翅碱蓬为研究对象,测定不同浓度Cd胁迫下翅碱蓬的根长、苗高、鲜重、叶绿素含量、及根、茎、叶内Cd的含量,探讨Cd对于翅碱蓬生长发育的影响以及对Cd的吸收规律.结果表明:低浓度Cd对...     

The role of salinity in seed maturation of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa

Controlled conditions were used to investigate how salinity maintains the salt tolerance of seeds and seedlings of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa. Seeds were harvested from S. salsa plants that had been treated with 1 or 500 mM NaCl for 113 days in a glasshouse. The results showed that high salinity (500 mM NaCl) increased chlorophyll concentration and oxygen production in embryos of maturing seeds. At 500 mM NaCl, the phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol levels and the digalactosyldiacylglycerol/monogalactosyldiacylglycerol ratio were higher in young seedlings derived from seeds whose source plants were cultured in 500 mM rather than in 1 mM NaCl. When seeds were incubated with 600 mM NaCl, the conductivity and malondialdehyde concentration in the embryos was greater if the source plants had been cultured in 1 mM rather than in 500 mM NaCl. The opposite pattern was evident for seedling survival and shoot weight. In conclusion, salinity during seed maturation may increase the salt tolerance of seeds and seedlings by increasing the oxygen production in the embryos of the maturing seeds and by changing the lipid composition of membranes in the seedlings.     

黄河口滨岸潮滩不同生境下翅碱蓬硫元素的季节变化

2008年5-11月, 对黄河口滨岸潮滩不同生境下翅碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)硫(S)的季节变化特征进行了研究。研究表明: 中潮滩翅碱蓬(JP1)和低潮滩翅碱蓬(JP2)各器官生物量均具有明显的季节变化特征, 总体表现为JP1 > JP2; JP1和JP2地上与地下部分比值的变化较为一致, 整体表现为JP2 > JP1; 二者枯落物量呈递增变化; JP1和JP2叶、茎和枯落物中的全硫(TS)含量在生长季波动变化明显, 整体呈先增后减变化, 而根中的TS含量在生长季呈递减变化, 符合指数衰减模型; 二者不同器官及枯落物的TS累积量和S累积速率(V_S)季节变化明显, JP1地上部分的TS累积量和V_S明显高于JP2, 且二者地上部分的TS累积量和V_S均明显高于地下; JP1和JP2不同部分的S分配比差异明显, 其中叶的分配比最高, 分别为(38.34 ± 16.19)%和(66.27 ± 12.09)%, 说明叶是翅碱蓬重要的S累积器官。结果显示, 翅碱蓬的生态学特性和其所处生境的水盐状况对JP1和JP2生物量、TS含量、累积量、累积速率、分配比均具有重要影响。     

盐地碱蓬化学成分及其开发利用的研究进展

综述了盐地碱蓬的化学成分、药理作用及开发利用等方面的研究进展,并提出了在以后的化学研究中应该重点关注的一些问题。     

水深梯度下湿地植被空间分布与生态适应

采用模糊数学排序方法对黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区不同水深梯度下芦苇湿地植被进行了．研究,揭示了水深对植被空间分布的影响。结果表明,不同水深梯度下植物生境和群落类型都表现出较大差异,水深-30～40cm,为水陆过渡地带,旱生、水生植物并存,物种最为丰富,该段水深上植被盖度最大;水深在-30-50cm,由于地下水深较低,该段水深是研究区盐碱化程度最大处;水深低于-50cm时,地表较为干旱,盐碱化程度有所降低,植被类型被耐干旱植被代替。不同水深梯度影响了土壤水分、空气和土壤的生物、物理、化学过程,引起植被生长环境中土壤水分、盐碱化程度的改变,进而对植被空间分布和植被生态特征产生影响。     

盐度和CO2倍增环境下碱蓬幼苗呼吸酶活性的变化

研究了生长在正常大气ＣＯ２和ＣＯ２倍增环境中的盐生植物碱蓬（Ｓｕａｅｄａｓａｌｓａ）幼苗呼吸酶活性对ＫＣｌ和ＮａＣｌ的反应．结果表明,在ＣＯ２倍增（７００μｌ·Ｌ－１）和正常大气ＣＯ２（３５０μｌ·Ｌ－１）下,３００ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＫＣｌ和ＮａＣｌ均能抑制琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）活性,而异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＤＨ）活性为ＮａＣｌ抑制、ＫＣｌ促进;ＮａＣｌ和ＫＣｌ明显抑制细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯ）和光呼吸中乙醇酸氧化酶（ＧＯ）、羟基丙酮酸还原酶（ＨＰＲ）活性;并指出在ＫＣｌ胁迫下,ＣＯ２使三羧酸循环（ＴＣＡＣ）的运行变慢,ＮａＣｌ胁迫下使其加快,ＴＣＡＣ运行限速步骤与ＭＤＨ无关,ＣＯ为盐对呼吸代谢影响的重要位点．另外,Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋对蛋白表达的影响有差异,ＣＯ２可使盐胁迫下的碱蓬幼苗蛋白表达降低．     

盐度和CO2倍增环境下碱蓬幼苗呼吸酶活性的变化

研究了生长在正常大气CO₂和CO₂倍增环境中的盐生植物碱蓬(Suaedasalsa)幼苗呼吸酶活性对KCl和NaCl的反应。结果表明,在CO₂倍增(700μl·L^-1)和正常大气CO₂(350μl·L^-1)下,300mmol·L^-1KCl和NaCl均能抑制琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性,而异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)活性为NaCl抑制、KCl促进; NaCl和KCl明显抑制细胞色素氧化酶(CO)和光呼吸中乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)、羟基丙酮酸还原酶(HPR)活性; 并指出在KCl胁迫下,CO₂使三羧酸循环(TCAC)的运行变慢,NaCl胁迫下使其加快,TCAC运行限速步骤与MDH无关,CO为盐对呼吸代谢影响的重要位点。另外,K⁺、Na⁺对蛋白表达的影响有差异,CO₂可使盐胁迫下的碱蓬幼苗蛋白表达降低。