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1.
贵州省普定县穿洞出土的骨器是穿洞文化的重要标志。1979年首次试掘出土的骨器基本为磨制者, 类型主要有骨锥、骨铲、骨叉、骨棒及骨针等,多采用较厚的动物骨骼的碎片为原料加工而成。一次性出土数量如此多骨器的遗址在我国非常少见, 为研究中国旧石器时代晚期文化的多样性提供了一个重要地点和一批有意义的文化遗物, 并对研究我国旧石器时代骨器提供了丰富的材料, 增加了我们对骨器工具的制造工艺及用途的了解。  相似文献   

2.
白子麒 《人类学学报》1998,17(3):212-229
本文记述了老龙洞史前遗址研究初步成果.在对石、骨、角制品的一般性质论述基础上,指出这一组合具有自身的一些特点,并有着文化上的广泛联系;依遗物和哺乳动物化石对其年代也作了初步讨论。初步研究结果表明,它是中国西南地区,特别是云南近年来发现的一处重要的包括旧石器时代晚期文化层在内的史前洞穴遗址,为研究中国南方旧石器时代晚期文化类型的多样性提供了一个重要的地点和一批有意义的文化遗物。  相似文献   

3.
桃山遗址发现于2011年,2013年6-7月对遗址展开试掘,发掘面积24m2;共获得石制品982件,陶片46件,装饰品2件,未见动物骨骼。石制品类型包括石核、石片、刮削器、锯齿刃器、凹缺器、钻具、石镞、细石核、细石叶、石叶等,类型较为丰富。石制品原料以凝灰岩、玛瑙、白云岩、玄武岩和燧石为主,原料较为多样。石制品的剥片方法以锤击法为主,压制法也有使用;工具的修理方面主要采用锤击法,同时具有压制法修理的石镞和刮削器等工具。该遗址所处年代位于晚更新世末期向全新世早期转变的时期,环境变化剧烈;遗址石制品的文化内涵丰富,性质较为独特,总体呈现出从旧石器晚期向新石器时代过渡的文化面貌,层序清楚,对研究我国东北地区新旧石器文化过渡的演变机制具有非常重要的价值,并为探讨这一阶段东北亚与北美地区的人群迁徙与文化传播等学术问题提供了新的重要证据。  相似文献   

4.
黑龙江五常学田旧石器文化遗址的初步研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
1986年在黑龙江省五常县学田村附近发掘两个含化石地点,出土了人化石2件、骨器2件、石制品3件、有打击痕迹的碎骨多件和大量哺乳动物化石。依初步研究,其时代为旧石器时代晚期。  相似文献   

5.
冉家路口旧石器遗址初步研究   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
冉家路口遗址位于重庆市丰都县境内,是三峡地区一处重要的旧石器时代遗址。遗址埋藏于长江干流的第Ⅲ级基座阶地底部,石制品经过了短距离的搬运和扰动。2001年进行的第2次发掘揭露面积500m^2,出土石制品680件,类型包括石核、石片、断块和石器等,原料全部就地选取河滩砾石,以锤击法生产石片。石器以大型和中型为主,砍砸器和刮削器是主要类型,其它有凹缺器、薄刃斧、手镐、两面器和石球等;石器毛坯以石片为主,占80.5%;石器采用锤击法加工,以单向加工为主,另外有少数错向和双面加工,器型比较稳定;石器类型具有中国南方旧石器时代主工业的特点,同时呈现较强的石片工业特点。地貌对比和光释光测年结果表明,冉家路口遗址的时代处于中更新世晚期,属旧石器时代中期文化。  相似文献   

6.
胡晓纯  高星 《人类学学报》2022,41(5):788-803
马鞍山遗址1986年发掘区的地层分为9层,根据沉积间断可划归为上下两大文化层。上文化层包含第2至第6层,堆积年代约为15 kaBP-36 kaBP;下文化层包含第7至第8层,堆积年代约为53 kaBP。共发掘出土石制品1292件。遗址上下文化层在主体原料、石制品大小、石核剥片技术和石器修理技术上存在一定差异,但整体上仍属同一文化系统。下文化层以硅质灰岩砾石为主要原料,石制品以小型和中型为主,采用锤击法剥片,石器主要以石片为毛坯。上文化层则以燧石结核、岩块为主要原料,石制品以微型和小型为主,主要采用锤击法,存在少量垂直砸击法和锐棱砸击法制品;石器毛坯以断块为主,修理主要采用硬锤锤击修理,可能存在压制修理技术。该遗址对于探讨晚更新世晚期贵州古人类的石制品技术特点及其在云贵高原的多样化适应方式等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
包包岭遗址是一处旧石器时代早期旷野遗址,位于十堰市郧阳区青曲镇郑家河村汉水左岸的Ⅲ级阶地。2021年7-11月,湖北省文物考古研究院联合十堰博物馆、郧阳区博物馆对其进行发掘,发掘面积196 m2,出土不同类型的石制品341件。石制品原料主要为脉石英、粗面岩、石英岩和千枚岩。石制品类型包括石核、石片、刮削器、砍砸器、尖状器、手斧等。硬锤打击法是主要的剥片方法,兼有砸击法。测年结果显示,该遗址年代距今至少30万年。包包岭遗址的发现,为探讨古人类于中更新世在汉水上游地区的文化与技术能力和适应生存特点提供了重要材料。  相似文献   

8.
老鸦洞遗址是贵州省毕节市七星关区一处旧石器时代晚期遗址,该遗址上世纪80年代被发现并发掘,出土大量石制品及动物碎骨。为进一步研究该遗址,明确遗址文化及年代性质,2013年7月至8月,发掘队对该遗址进行了再次系统发掘,出土包括石制品、骨制品、古人类牙齿化石、动物化石、植物果核、碳屑在内的标本两千余件,其中,石制品在制作技术上显示了典型的小石片石器传统特征。另有未统计碎骨上万件。碳十四测年结果表明,这些出土物及遗迹记录了旧石器时代晚期距今37000-20000年,以及距今14000年古人类在老鸦洞内生存的历史,是毕节地区旧石器时代晚期最初阶段古人类生存栖息的证据。多个石制品及碳屑、灰烬富集的层位表明了古人类对该洞穴的长时间反复利用,以及末次冰期最盛期期间人类活动的消退现象。  相似文献   

9.
青藏高原边缘地区史前遗址2009年调查试掘报告   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
2009年6月—7月,在青藏高原边缘地区调查、试掘了6处遗址,获得一批石制品、动物骨骼残片、火塘等材料。石制品多数个体较小,类型包括石核、石片、工具、断块、细石核、细石叶等。通过对比出土材料及部分遗址测年数据判断,6处遗址的年代处于13ka BP左右的晚更新世至全新世。此次调查试掘,丰富了该区域人类活动的证据,对研究青藏高原环境变化、古人类的适应生存过程及技术交流有一定意义。  相似文献   

10.
许昌灵井遗址2005年出土石制品的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
李占扬 《人类学学报》2007,26(2):138-154
本文是灵井遗址2005年出土石制品的初步研究成果。文化遗物埋藏于上、下两套湖相沉积层内。在90m2范围内,共出土石制品2 452件,动物化石(包括人工骨器)约3 000件。石制品采用大石英岩和小脉石英砾石为原料,类型包括石器、石核、石片、断块和石器等。打片和加工采用锤击法,少量采用砸击法。石器毛坯多为断片和断块,多数器型不规则,但也有一些精致加工的小石器。脉石英石器以刮削器为主,还有尖状器、雕刻器、钻器等。石英岩石器以砍砸器为主,兼有手镐和石球。两种石料石器类型形成互补。由于脉石英质石料占主导,石器总体以小型为主。灵井石器工业具有中国北方旧石器时代主工业的特点,部分砾石制作的砍砸器等反映了南方主工业的因素。从地层、遗物和古环境判断,2005年出土的石制品属于旧石器时代晚期,根据上下地层关系分析,本地区不存在中石器文化遗存。  相似文献   

11.
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The Chuandong site is situated about 4km west of the city of Puding County, Guizhou Province. It was discovered in the spring of 1978 and excavated from April to May 1979. More than 200 bone tools were excavated in this site, so it is a very important prehistoric one in southwestern China, especially in Guizhou Province. Polished bone tools described preliminarily here are the dominant ones among the bone artifacts, and their possible functions and fabrication processes are also discussed. Polished bone tools include awls(n=155), spades(n=116), forks(n=6), slubs(n=3) and a needle(n=1), and awls and spades are the main types in polished bone? artifacts.? These? tools? are? made? of? bone? splinters,? but? it? is? now? difficult? to? determine? what? animal? bones? were? used? in? tool-making.? However,? These? finely? manufactured? bone? tools? show? that they had been used widely at that time, and they have important clues for researching the cultural diversity of the Upper Paleolithic in China.<br>In addition, the division of cultural stages and the period of the site are also discussed. The industry found in the Chuandong prehistoric site can be subdivided into two stages, namely the early and the late stages. The layers from 5 to 10 represent the early stage, while the layers from 2 to 4 represent the late stage. All the polished bone tools in this study were excavated from the late stage.<br>According to the 14C dating, the early stage is dated to about 16000 BP, while the late stage is dated to 8080±100 BP (Layer 3), 8670±100 BP (Layer 4). Therefore, the early stage belongs to the upper Pleistocene or late Paleolithic and the late stage belongs to early Holocene or to early Neolithic in China. There is no evidence to show that these bone artifacts belong to early Neolithic culture, it is inferred that these polished bone tools represent the late Paleolithic culture relics. We hope that there are more dating data to support our conclusions in the future.  相似文献   

12.
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In paleoanthropological and paleolithic archaeological research in China, Guizhou with its numerous cave deposits bears great significance. Newly discovered cave sites in central and southwestern Guizhou Province are reported here. All nine newly discovered cave sites were distributed in the Panjiang river system, which belongs to Zhujiang River system in south China. Stone artifacts dominate the cultural remains. From central Guizhou, lithic raw materials include chert and silicious limestone, while quartzite cobbles are the main raw material for lithic manufacturing in southwest Guizhou. Hard-hammer direct percussion was the main technique. Most of the lithic artifacts from central Guizhou are small in size, while the stone artifacts from southwest Guizhou are relatively large. Scrapers were the dominant retouched tool type, followed by choppers. Comparison among adjacent areas in Guizhou has yielded an age close to late Late Pleistocene to the start of the Holocene for the newly discovered cave sites. Among the nine cave sites, Qingshuiyuan Dadong from Huishui, Malu Dadong from Changshun, and Lubian Dadong from Anlong are worthy of further excavation.  相似文献   

13.
贵州以更新世洞穴遗址发育在我国古人类学和旧石器时代考古学领域占有重要地位。本文对近年来贵州中部和西南部洞穴遗址的调查发现进行报道。新发现的9处洞穴遗址均分布在珠江水系的盘江流域,文化遗物主要为石制品。黔中遗址的石制品原料主要为燧石和硅质灰岩,而黔西南石制品原料多以河流成因的石英岩砾石居多;剥片技术主要为锤击法;黔中石制品的个体较小,而黔西南石制品的个体相对较大;石器组合以刮削器占多数。区域对比显示这些遗址的年代大致在距今3万年后的更新世末期至全新世初期。本次调查丰富了更新世末期古人类在贵州的活动信息,其中惠水清水苑大洞、长顺马路大洞和安龙路边大洞具有较大的工作前景。  相似文献   

14.
    
The prehistoric site named Xiaokouzi is situated about 500m north to the Shuidonggou site just outside the Great Wall( Fig. 1) and was found in September of 1963 when we were excavating the Shuidonggou site. We gathered 194 pieces of the stone artifacts, a few of the broken teeth of mammalian fossils and two pieces of Struthis egg on the ground surface which is slightly higher than the Great Wall. The remains above mentioned are distributed within a limited area of about 30m2 .<br>The stone artifacts are divided into two groups: Group A is called non-microlithic industrial production which contains 103 specimens of stone artifacts. Most of them are middle and large in size. The tools are made of the flakes and are nicely trimmed in the most cases ( Detail see table 1 in Chinese) . Group B belongs to microlithic industrial production. The stone artifacts include 91 pieces and consist of micro-blades, wedge core and tools which are subdivided into scrapers, pointed tool and awls. The majority o f them is carefully retouched.<br>Group A non-microlithic industrial production: The general characters could be shown as follows:<br>1. The flakes were produced by both hard and soft hammer percussion.<br>2. The cores prepared and flakes are regular in shape. The most important character of the flakes is very small striking platform which makes up 80. 6% of the total flakes.<br>3. All raw -materials and blanks used to make tool were strictly selected.<br>4. The different types of the artifacts are obviously diverse in size. The majority of the flakes is smaller and makes up 87. 2% of the total flakes. The majority o f the scrapers consists of types of small and middle sizes. These two types constitute 37. 1% and 42. 7% o f the total respectively while most of the pointed tools are large.<br>5. The tools are basically manufactured with the flakes and could be divided into scrapers, pointed tools and chopper. All tools, especially convex scrapers and pointed tools are carefully manufactured. Their retouching scars are wide, long , shallow or ladder shape and the edges are regular. According to these characters above mentioned some of them could be trimmed with Mousterian technique.<br>6. There are some bifaces and simi-bifaces ( one surface is covered over rather flat retouching scars while other surface is locally trimmed with the wide and shallow scars) , the former makes up 20. 8% and latter occupies 8. 0% of the total of the pointed tools.<br>7. The tools retouched on two surfaces with the method not belonging to alternating mode but to regular complex mode are more common and make up 21. 6% of the tool total.The assemblages which are similar to those of the group A were found in the east part o f the Great Bend of the Huanghe River in 1958 and 1959 by the author and the assemblages with characters similar to group A were found in Shanxi Province, Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Hebei Province since that time. The assemblages tentatively dated to the end of the late paleolithic or slightly later age. In the group A some types such as semilunar scrapers , pointed tools with heart shape, bifaces, flat and ladder scars and some blades etc. are similar to those of the Mousterian and Aurignacian ones in Europe so the author imagines that it looks like a group of people mastering those techniques above mentioned had lived there and made cultural exchange with the local people in the Great Bend of Huang he River at least.<br>Group B Microlithic industrial artifacts: The main characters of Group B could be summed up as follows:<br>1. The microlithic artifacts are very small and most of them are less than 30mm in length.<br>2. The micro blades are the chive-leaf in shape. The ridges on the dorsal surface of the microblades are diversified, except the single longitudinal ridge and two longitudinal parallel ridges. This is the significant finding in this study.<br>3. The tools w ere mostly made of flakes and could be divided into scrapers, awls and pointed tool. The end scrapers are very common and make up 75% o f the total scrapers. Most edges of end scrapers are more sharp. The angle of edge is less than 70°in the most cases. This merits attention because no record of this type of artifacts has been presented in Chinese papers studying microlithic artifacts.<br>4. Most of the tools were retouched by hammering process while the trimming scars of the end scrapers basically are leaf-like, long, wide and shallow with the trimming scars of nearly parallel, but the trimming scars of 6 end scrapers converge on a point of the edge. On basis of the experiment of making stone artifacts, the convergent trimming scars are similar to those made by pressure method so they could be retouched by this one.<br>According to size, type and trimming level of the group B the microlithic industrial production is smaller and more delicate in shape. The tool manufacture technique is nicer than tho se found in layer 8 of the Shuidonggou site and is similar to those found in Neolithic microlithic sites of North China, therefore, group B could be tentatively attributed to Neolithic age while group A is dated to upper paleolithic.  相似文献   

15.
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The Shuidonggou site in Ningxia Province shows for the first time confirmed existence of heat treatment in the East Asian Paleolithic. In this paper, quantitative study about the mechanical properties was conducted on dolomitic stones from the Shuidonggou site through compression tests and XRD (x-ray diffraction). The results showed that after the stones were heated at 450oC, raw materials became more homogeneous with a decrease of SiO2 and an increase of calcium content. Correspondingly, a 31% decrease of the average value of compression strength was observed, along with a 27% increase of the average value of maximum strain. Zigzag phenomena occurred in stress-strain curves through intermittent cracking of the stone. These transformations led to less knapping force and more opportunities to adjust knapping directions, and consequently reduced knapping difficulties. Through heat treatment, the quality and production efficiency of stone improves.  相似文献   

16.
小口子史前地点发现的石制品研究   总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2  
张森水 《人类学学报》1999,18(2):81-101
本文记述了小口子史前地点发现的石制品,可分为两组:非细石器工业制品和细石器工业制品,前者中的大多数石器,加工精致,形制规整,清楚可见用指垫法(莫斯特技术)修理,其中有些可与水洞沟文化层出土者对比,至少是中、西方旧石器文化交流的证迹。细石器工业制品中的石叶脊背具多种形式和端刃刮削器中锐刃较多,未见于以往记述的发现于中国境内细石器工业制品的文献中。  相似文献   

17.
宁夏水洞沟遗址的发现首次证实了旧石器时代东亚古人类的热处理行为。本文通过压缩实验和XRD(X射线衍射)检测,对宁夏水洞沟遗址区采集的白云岩石料热处理前后的力学性能进行了定量研究。结果表明,经过450℃热处理的白云岩石料材质更加均匀,硅质含量减小、钙质含量增加,抗压强度下降31%,最大应变提高27%,在应力-应变曲线上出现了明显的锯齿状波动现象。这些变化降低了打击石料所需的力度,使石料易于产生多次开裂,不容易发生一次性灾变破坏,为古人类调整打击点、打击方向和力度创造了机会,从而降低了打制难度,提高了石器的制作质量和效率。  相似文献   

18.
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The Taoshan open-air site (46°54.765’N, 128°12.643’E) is situated in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. It was discovered in 2011 and co-excavated in 2013 and 2014 by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and the Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. From a 24m2 test pit dug in 2013, 982 stone artefacts, 44 pottery sherds and 2 ornaments made in amazonite were unearthed. There were no faunal remains. Different types of cores, scrapers, denticulates, notches, borers, arrowheads, microcores, microblades and blades were identified in lithic assemblage. Raw materials were predominantly tuff, agate, dolomite, basalt and chert. Percussion was the main flint-knapping and retouching technique while pressure retouching was also used on the arrowhead and scraper. The period of the Taoshan site was transitional from the end of late Pleistocene to early Holocene when environmental changes were severe, and specific cultural features in the artifact assemblage were clear. A good stratigraphic sequence characterizes the site. The value of this research is in recognizing the evolution of cultural change in northeast China, and furthering discussion of migration dispersal and cultural diffusion in northeast Asia and North America.  相似文献   

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