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Seven melon varieties (Alpha, Delada, Marygold, Sirio, Topper,Tornado, and Viva) known to exhibit differences in their ripeningbehaviour were used in this study. The expression of mRNAs forACC oxidase (MEL1) and phytoene synthase (MEL5), required forsynthesis of ethylene and carotenoids, respectively, and tworipening-related cDNAs (MEL2 and MEL7), of unknown function,was examined and correlated with the development of colour andsoftening of fruits. The MEL2 and MEL7 mRNAs were present andaccumulated in all varieties, indicating their importance inmelon fruit ripening. The fruits of Delada and Marygold didnot show any change in the colour of the flesh even at 50 daa(days after anthesis). All other varieties changed colour fromgreen to orange between 2530 daa. The phytoene synthasemRNA levels in most varieties seemed to be unrelated to changein fruit flesh colour. The firmness of all the fruits was reducedsignificantly between 25 and 40 daa. The expression of ACC oxidasemRNA showed the most variation among the different varitiesand was delayed in Sirio and undetectable in Marygold fruitseven at 40 daa. Varieties with delayed expression of ACC oxidasemRNAs after anthesis also showed delayed softening during ripening.The prospects of genetic engineering and breeding for melonfruits with improved quality characteristics and extended storagelife are discussed. Key words: Cucumis melo, colour development, melon varieties, ripening genes, softening 相似文献
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Proteomics as an approach to the understanding of the molecular physiology of fruit development and ripening 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fruit ripening is a developmental complex process which occurs in higher plants and involves a number of stages displayed from immature to mature fruits that depend on the plant species and the environmental conditions. Nowadays, the importance of fruit ripening comes mainly from the link between this physiological process in plants and the economic repercussions as a result of one of the human activities, the agricultural industry. In most cases, fruit ripening is accompanied by colour changes due to different pigment content and increases in sugar levels, among others. Major physiological modifications that affect colour, texture, flavour, and aroma are under the control of both external (light and temperature) and internal (developmental gene regulation and hormonal control) factors. Due to the huge amount of metabolic changes that take place during ripening in fruits from higher plants, the accomplishment of new throughput methods which can provide a global evaluation of this process would be desirable. Differential proteomics of immature and mature fruits would be a useful tool to gain information on the molecular changes which occur during ripening, but also the investigation of fruits at different ripening stages will provide a dynamic picture of the whole transformation of fruits. This subject is furthermore of great interest as many fruits are essential for human nutrition. Thus far different maturation profiles have been reported specific for each crop species. In this work, a thorough review of the proteomic database from fruit development and maturation of important crop species will be updated to understand the molecular physiology of fruits at ripening stages. 相似文献
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Ripening in papaya fruit is altered by ACC oxidase cosuppression 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
López-Gómez R Cabrera-Ponce JL Saucedo-Arias LJ Carreto-Montoya L Villanueva-Arce R Díaz-Perez JC Gómez-Lim MA Herrera-Estrella L 《Transgenic research》2009,18(1):89-97
Papaya (Carica papaya) is a very important crop in many tropical countries but it is highly susceptible to parasitic diseases, physiological disorders,
mechanical damage and fruit overripening. Here we report a study on ACC oxidase cosuppression and its effects on papaya fruit
ripening. Papaya ACC oxidase was isolated using PCR and embriogenic cells transformed by biolistic using the CaMV 35S promoter
to drive the expression of the PCR fragment in sense orientation. Fifty transgenic lines were recovered and 20 of those were
grown under field conditions. Southern analysis showed incorporation of the transgene in different copy numbers in the papaya
genome. Fruits were evaluated in terms of texture (firmness), colour development, respiration and ethylene production. A sharp
reduction in ethylene and CO2 production was detected, whereas softening and colour development of the peel were also altered.
Overall, transgenic fruits showed a delay in ripening rate. A reduction in mRNA level for ACC oxidase in transgenic fruit
was clearly detectable by northern blot. More studies are necessary before this technology can be used to extend the shelf
life of papaya fruit. 相似文献
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气候变化对甘肃省粮食生产的影响研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甘肃省气候自1986年起向整体暖干化、局部暖湿化转型突变.与1960年相比,转型后2010年平均气温升高了1.1 ℃,平均降水量减少了28 mm,干旱半干旱区南移约50 km.气候变暖使甘肃省主要作物生育期有效积温增加,生长期延长,熟性、布局和种植制度改变,宜种区和种植海拔增加,多熟制北移,夏粮面积缩小,秋粮面积增大.弱冬性、中晚熟品种逐步取代强冬性、中早熟品种,有利于提高光温利用率,增加产量.暖湿型气候增加了绿洲灌区作物的气候生产力,暖干型气候降低了雨养农业区的气候产量,水分和肥力条件是决定因素.以提高有限降水利用率和利用效率、改善和提升土壤质量及肥力为核心,选育强抗逆、弱冬性、中晚熟、高水分利用效率的作物新品种,建立适温、适水的种植结构和种植制度,是甘肃省应对气候变化进行粮食生产的主要发展方向. 相似文献
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不同成熟度杨梅果实采后呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率和品质的变化 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
以3个品种杨梅果实为材料,将采后果实分为未成熟(immature)、成熟(mature)和完熟(ripe)3种不同成熟度,在20℃下48 h贮藏过程中,每隔3 h检测一次呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,并分析成熟过程相关的品质变化.结果表明,未成熟和成熟果实的呼吸速率和乙烯合成变化呈现典型的跃变型果实特征,而在完熟果实中检测不到呼吸和乙烯跃变过程.未成熟和成熟杨梅果实中PAL活性趋于提高,而完熟果实的呈下降变化,这一结果与矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy-3-Glu)含量变化相吻合;CIRG值与杨梅果实Cv-3-Glu含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.96**).结果显示杨梅果实属于跃变型果实. 相似文献
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The effect of UV radiation on fruit secondary compounds of strawberry cv ‘Elsanta’ was recorded taking chronological age and fruit position on the truss into account. When fruit of similar age post-anthesis, and truss position were compared, we found that the concentration of secondary compounds differed according to fruit position on the truss. UV radiation hastened the rate of colour development and resulted in an increase in fruit anthocyanin (14–31%), flavonoid (9–21%) and phenolic (9–20%) contents at harvesting; but it had no effect on fruit soluble solid content, pH and volatile composition. It did, however, increase leaf flavonoid (16%) and phenolic (8%) concentrations. Fruit ripened under a UV transparent film were firmer, smaller but greater in number than fruit ripened under a UV opaque film. Overall, the results indicate that UV radiation does not affect all aspects of strawberry ripening but independently alters rate of colour development and fruit firmness. 相似文献
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There is an increasing market demand for smaller banana fruit. The way that this is being addressed involves harvesting some fruits on a bunch at a less advanced stage of maturity. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of age of fruit at harvest, position of the fruit on the bunch and different banana varieties on the speed of ripening and the quality of the ripe fruit at two different ripening temperatures after being exposed to exogenous ethylene. The maturity of bananas at harvest affected both the speed of ripening and the quality of the ripe fruit. Speed of ripening of fruit at 13°C was slower the more immature the fruit at harvest, but there was no effect on the speed of ripening of harvest maturity at a ripening temperature of 16°C. The effects of harvest maturity and position of the fruit on the bunch on peel colour and texture were significant but so small that they would be unlikely to affect the consumers' perception in a commercial situation. The higher soluble solids, flavour, sweetness and acceptability after ripening of the more mature fruit at harvest was sufficiently high that consumers could probably detect them. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional pore space quantification of apple tissue using X-ray computed microtomography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The microstructure and the connectivity of the pore space are important variables for better understanding of the complex
gas transport phenomena that occur in plant tissues. In this study, we present an experimental procedure for image acquisition
and image processing to quantitatively characterize in 3D the pore space of apple tissues (Malus domestica Borkh.) for two cultivars (Jonagold and Braeburn) taken from the fleshy part of the cortex using X-ray computer microtomography.
Preliminary sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the effect of the resolution and the volume size (REV, representative
elementary volume analysis) on the computed porosity of apple samples. For comparison among cultivars, geometrical properties
such as porosity, specific surface area, number of disconnected pore volumes and their distribution parameters were extracted
and analyzed in triplicate based on the 3D skeletonization of the pore space (medial axis analysis). The results showed that
microtomography provides a resolution at the micrometer level to quantitatively analyze and characterize the 3D topology of
the pore space in apple tissue. The computed porosity was confirmed to be highly dependent of the resolution used, and the
minimum REV of the cortical flesh of apple fruit was estimated to be 1.3 mm3. Comparisons among the two cultivars using a resolution of 8.5 μm with a minimum REV cube showed that in spite of the complexity
and variability of the pore space network observed in Jonagold and Braeburn apples, the extracted parameters from the medial
axis were significantly different (P-value < 0.05). Medial axis parameters showed potential to differentiate the microstructure between the two evaluated apple
cultivars. 相似文献
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Agata Konarska 《Protoplasma》2013,250(3):701-714
The structure of fruit peel of two apple varieties ‘Szampion’ and ‘Jonagold’ was investigated using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The samples were taken immediately after harvest and after 6-month controlled atmosphere storage. The Szampion and Jonagold fruit differed in terms of the surface type, number of lenticels, thickness of the cuticular epithelium, height of epidermal cells and thickness of the hypodermis as well as the amount of crystalline wax and the number of microcracks formed on the fruit surface. The 6-month storage resulted in fruit weight loss, increased numbers and depth of microcracks, thickening of the amorphous wax layer and enhanced production of platelet forms of crystalline wax, which filled the microcracks abundantly. Compared with Jonagold, the Szampion fruit exhibited a fewer lenticels, a bigger number of microcracks, smaller amounts of crystalline wax and more substantial weight loss. The apple varieties studied had a reticulate–lamellate cuticle, and at harvest, the epidermal and hypodermal cells contained numerous amyloplasts filled with starch grains, which were not found after the storage period. Additionally, after storage, the cell protoplasts in the apple peel displayed a disorganised structure, and their vacuoles contained fragments of cell membranes, intravacuolar precipitates and deposits, and spherical bodies. The results may facilitate better understanding of changes occurring in fruits of Szampion and Jonagold during storage and help choose the best storage conditions to reduce loss of weight and prevent impairment of fruit quality. 相似文献
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Mario Serna Francisca Hernández Francisco Coll Yamilet Coll Asunción Amorós 《Plant Growth Regulation》2012,68(3):333-342
The effects of spraying two brassinosteroid analogues, DI-31 and DI-100, were evaluated at concentrations of 4, 8 and 12?ppm together with a seaweed extract and amino acid mixture called Tomex Amin (2.5?l/ha) to enhance their activity. These were sprayed ten times to foliage of pepper var. Orlando grown under greenhouse conditions. Treatment with DI-31 at a dose of 12?ppm (30?mg/ha) resulted in the highest production increases, which were 13.55?% relative to the control with Tomex Amin (T02). Correlation between net photosynthesis increase and yield increase due to DI-31 treatment, which produced the maximum yield increase and also the highest net photosynthesis with significant differences with respect to the control, was observed. This increased yield was caused by an increase in pepper/plant number. The physic-chemical variables related to pepper quality, such as fresh weight, h/d ratio, lobe number/fruit, firmness, colour and ripening index, were similar in the control and treated peppers. Total antioxidant activity and phenolic content was higher in pepper treated over T02. The results showed that sprayed DI-31 may play an important role in increasing the yield of field grown pepper due to an increase in fruits number per plant without any undesirable effects on their nutritive and organoleptic properties. 相似文献
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Labuda R Hudec K Piecková E Mezey J Bohovic R Mátéová S Lukác SS 《Mycopathologia》2004,157(2):217-223
In this study Penicillium implicatum Biourge was found to be the cause of a destructive rot of stored pomegranate (Punica granata) fruits. This species has not previously been reported to cause disease of the fruit. The ability of the strain to decay pomegranates as well as some varieties of apples (Jonagold, Selena and Vanda) under laboratory conditions after inoculation with conidia into the subcutaneous layer of healthy fruits was demonstrated. The fungus was also found on mouldy stamens of pomegranates. 相似文献
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The crop simulation model is a suitable tool for evaluating the potential impacts of climate change on crop production and on the environment. This study investigates the effects of climate change on paddy rice production in the temperate climate regions under the East Asian monsoon system using the CERES‐Rice 4.0 crop simulation model. This model was first calibrated and validated for crop production under elevated CO2 and various temperature conditions. Data were obtained from experiments performed using a temperature gradient field chamber (TGFC) with a CO2 enrichment system installed at Chonnam National University in Gwangju, Korea in 2009 and 2010. Based on the empirical calibration and validation, the model was applied to deliver a simulated forecast of paddy rice production for the region, as well as for the other Japonica rice growing regions in East Asia, projecting for years 2050 and 2100. In these climate change projection simulations in Gwangju, Korea, the yield increases (+12.6 and + 22.0%) due to CO2 elevation were adjusted according to temperature increases showing variation dependent upon the cultivars, which resulted in significant yield decreases (?22.1% and ?35.0%). The projected yields were determined to increase as latitude increases due to reduced temperature effects, showing the highest increase for any of the study locations (+24%) in Harbin, China. It appears that the potential negative impact on crop production may be mediated by appropriate cultivar selection and cultivation changes such as alteration of the planting date. Results reported in this study using the CERES‐Rice 4.0 model demonstrate the promising potential for its further application in simulating the impacts of climate change on rice production from a local to a regional scale under the monsoon climate system. 相似文献
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Policarpo Michelangelo Di Marco Luigi Caruso Tiziano Gioacchini Paola Tagliavini Massimo 《Plant and Soil》2002,239(2):207-214
The dynamics of N uptake and N partitioning in peach (Prunus persica, Batsch) trees of a very early (cv. Flordastar) and a very late (cv. Tudia) fruit ripening varieties grown under a mediterranean climate was assessed during one season. Labelled N was applied to two-year old potted trees which were destructively harvested at regular intervals during the vegetative and reproductive cycle. Tree phenology as well as vegetative and reproductive growth of the two genotypes strongly differed: bud burst started in late January in Flordastar and late March in Tudia. Leaf senescence in Flordastar was almost complete by mid October, while Tudia still retained a significant fraction of leaves at the December harvest. Fruit yield averaged 4.0 and 6.9 kg tree–1 (fresh weight) in cv. Flordastar and Tudia, respectively, and fruit size was within commercial standards for the two genotypes. After growth resumption, shoot and fruit growth mainly relied on N remobilised from reserves, which accounted for 72–80% of total N in new growth. Nitrogen uptake by both genotypes was relatively low in the first month after bud burst, then was more rapid until the end of the season. Total labelled N uptake did not differ between the two genotypes and accounted on average for 65–70% of total N supplied. The kinetics of labelled N uptake were similar in the two varieties despite the great difference in the timing of their fruit ripening. Leaves were the main sink for N during much of the experimental period. The fruits, when present, also used a significant fraction of the absorbed N, which was almost constant until fruit ripening in Flordastar. Nitrogen partitioning to leaves declined progressively after summer, when a greater fraction of the absorbed N was recovered in the twigs, the trunk, the fine roots and especially in the coarse roots. The data provide evidence for guiding the kinetics of N supply to peach orchards under a Mediterranean climate. 相似文献
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Martin T Assogba-Komlan F Houndete T Hougard JM Chandre F 《Journal of economic entomology》2006,99(2):450-454
The efficacy of a mosquito netting to protect cabbages, Brassica oleracea L., against pests was investigated in field trials in Benin, West Africa. A polyester net covered the plants at night by using a wood armature. The net was removed during the day to prevent overheating and excessive shade, both problems of insect-proof screens used under tropical conditions. The number of all lepidopteran larvae with netting protection and foliar insecticide sprays was significantly lower than the unprotected control. The number of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was significantly lower with netting protection compared with foliar insecticide sprays and control. Netting treated with deltamethrin gave total protection of young plants against the aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach). At harvest, the number of marketable cabbages protected with untreated netting was significantly higher compared with the production with foliar insecticide sprays. The protection of cabbages with netting can be an economically viable method. Considering the price of cabbages on local markets (US dollars 1/unit), the net returns per 100 m2 were US dollars 247 by using netting, US dollars 149 by using insecticides, and US dollars 117 for controls. The net returns for using netting are based on replacing the netting each crop cycle. But netting can be reused several times, depending upon conditions, increasing the profit margin. The netting protection may be an alternative to the growing unsustainable practices of vegetable cropping in peri-urban areas of tropical countries. 相似文献
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Recent advances in fruit development and ripening: an overview 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
White PJ 《Journal of experimental botany》2002,53(377):1995-2000