即食型脱水蔬菜杀青、漂烫工艺初步研究

针对不同的即食型脱水蔬菜原料特性,进行前处理漂烫工艺研究。对蔬菜漂烫过程中营养成分的损失、酶活性的变化、褐变、护绿等多种因素进行综合考察,以获得了即食型脱水蔬菜漂烫最佳工艺参数。     

鲜切菜“冷杀菌”技术的研究

鲜切菜属于鲜活商品,因此采用冷杀菌工艺十分重要。主要介绍引起鲜切菜腐烂、变质的微生物,以及采用臭氧、超声波、紫外线、辐照、超高压、脉冲电场和脉冲磁场等冷杀菌技术,为生产企业提供参考。     

蔬菜中农药残留检测技术研究进展

对目前蔬菜中农药残留分析检测方法及其前处理过程以及快速检测技术作了综述。固相萃取(SPE)、超临界流体萃取(SFE)等新的萃取方法已逐渐代替了液-液萃取(LLE)等传统提取方法。色谱技术是农药残留分析中的重要手段。毛细管气相色谱(CGC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)及其联用技术是现阶段农药残留分析中的主要检测方法。并指出了今后该领域的研究方向。     

降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量的食前处理方法

以小白菜、萝卜和四季豆为试材,研究了不同食前处理（清水浸泡、盐渍、漂烫）对蔬菜硝酸盐和维生素C（VitC）含量的影响。结果表明,清水浸泡和漂烫处理均可较大程度地降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量;盐渍处理硝酸盐含量下降不明显,其中萝卜经盐渍后硝酸盐含量反而升高;三种处理方式以漂烫0.5 min处理蔬菜VitC含量损失最小。     

伞形花科5种主要蔬菜作物的核型分析

采用卡宝染色压片法对伞形花科5种主要蔬菜作物进行了核型分析和比较.结果表明:芹菜的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=6m+2sm+8st+6t,染色体核型为"3B"型;芫荽的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=2m+2sm+18st,染色体核型为"3A"型;茴香的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=14m+6sm+2st,染色体核型为"2B"型;水芹的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=6m+6sm+10st,染色体核型为"3A"型;胡萝卜的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=18=6m+10sm+2st,染色体核型为"2A"型.并对他们的亲缘关系、遗传多样性进行了探讨.     

Consumption of Wild-Growing Vegetables in the Honde Valley,Zimbabwe

Economic Botany - This study evaluates the relevance of wild-growing vegetables in two villages of the Honde Valley, Zimbabwe, by documenting the use, knowledge of, and attitudes toward these...     

Water Footprint of Cereals and Vegetables for the Beijing Market

Beijing is situated in water‐scarce northern China, where there is a history of policies aimed at constraining local agricultural water use to meet the increasing urban water demand. This has led to a change in local crop production and subsequent effects in terms of the importation of cereals and vegetables grown in other parts of China. The dilemma is that local policies designed to improve Beijing's water resources situation may have the unintended consequence of increasing water stress in other regions. In this article, life cycle assessment approaches were used to model both consumptive and degradative water use for the major cereals and vegetables consumed in Beijing, enabling comparison of local and imported supplies. In the Beijing region, cropping cereals rather than intensive vegetables in greenhouses could reduce local blue water consumption by 7,216 cubic meters per hectare per year (m³ ha^?1 yr^?1) and nitrogen pollution by 45 kg ha^?1 yr^?1. However, depending on how the local food shortfall is balanced by imported food, shifts in cropping pattern in Beijing have the potential to cause either an improvement or exacerbation of the nationwide water stress situation (e.g., ?42% to 4% for water scarcity footprint). As such, local policy making regarding agricultural land and water use needs to consider the wider food production context. This situation in Beijing is likely to be representative of the challenge facing many of the world's large and mega‐sized cities, where a sustainable means of increasing food supply must be found.     

Root-Knot Nematode Management in Double-Cropped Plasticulture Vegetables

Combination treatments of chisel-injected fumigants (methyl bromide, 1,3-D, metam sodium, and chloropicrin) on a first crop, followed by drip-applied fumigants (metam sodium and 1,3-D ± chloropicrin) on a second crop, with and without oxamyl drip applications were evaluated for control of Meloidogyne incognita in three different tests (2002 to 2004) in Tifton, GA. First crops were eggplant or tomato, and second crops were cantaloupe, squash, or jalapeno pepper. Double-cropped vegetables suffered much greater root-knot nematode (RKN) pressure than first crops, and almost-total yield loss occurred when second crops received no nematicide treatment. On a first crop of eggplant, all fumigants provided good nematode control and average yield increases of 10% to 15 %. On second crops, higher application rates and fumigant combinations (metam sodium and 1,3-D ± chloropicrin) improved RKN control and increased yields on average by 20% to 35 % compared to the nonfumigated control. Oxamyl increased yields of the first crop in 2003 on average by 10% to 15% but had no effect in 2004 when RKN failed to establish itself. On double-cropped squash in 2003, oxamyl following fumigation provided significant additional reduction in nematode infection and increased squash yields on average by 30% to 75%.     

Effect of Storage Temperature on the Microbial Composition of Ready-to-Use Vegetables

Four different salad preparations were investigated from microbiological point of view: two were packaged in air and two under Modified Atmosphere. The samples were stored at 4 and 10 °C, and analysed at established times. Total bacterial count (TBC) was taken as the most relevant index to define their hygiene and quality at both temperatures. Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds were found only occasionally. In general, the most important factor was the packaging technique: TBC was lower when the product is packed under modified conditions. The packaging technique also influences the microbial population: Gram-negative aerobic rods are dominant in air-packaged products, whilst the presence of Enterobacteriaceae becomes important in salads packaged under Modified Atmosphere. Pseudomonas fluorescens, with all its biovars, was the most frequently found species amongst the aerobic isolates, whilst for the Enterobacteriaceae strains, there was no dominant species.     

蔬菜植物果实发育的激素调控

概述了果菜蔬菜果实中的激素来源以及激素对茄果类,瓜类,豆类蔬菜和草莓果实发育的调节作用。