乔治·威尔斯·比德尔

1903年10月22日,乔治·威尔斯·比德尔(G.W.Beadle)出生于美国内布拉斯加州一户农民家庭,1926年和1927年先后获内布拉斯加林肯大学理科学士和硕士学位.尔后,他到康奈尔大学,在遗传学大师爱默生(Emerson)领导的"玉米小组"攻读博士学位,从事玉米细胞遗传学研究.1931年获博士学位后,他又到加州理工学院,在遗传学大师摩尔根(Morgan)领导的"蝇室"从事果蝇细胞遗传学研究.1936年,他到哈佛大学任助理教授,1937～1946年任斯坦福大学教授,1946年回到加州理工学院任教授和生物学系主任,1961～1968年任芝加哥大学校长.比德尔和泰特姆(Tatum)以及莱德伯格(Lederberg)共获1958年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖.     

Afterword: In Search of Melanesian Order

ABSTRACT

These essays explore three contemporary forms of order in Papua New Guinea: improvised village courts, a nursing school curriculum including village practicums, and student boycotts and strikes. My comments assess these new sorts of order as reflected against earlier ethnographic accounts of Papua New Guinean societies as well as those elsewhere in Melanesia. This often has taken the region’s social groups and lineages, religions and belief systems, and most recently the Melanesian state itself to be weak, messy, and inconstant. I ask how culturally ‘Melanesian’ are these contemporary examples of order and disorder, and find significant continuities in their underlying nostalgia for an imagined, more orderly past, in beliefs about causes of disorder, and in strategies and remedies to order and reorder everyday life.