共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Steve M. Redpath John D. C. Linnell Marco Festa‐Bianchet Luigi Boitani Nils Bunnefeld Amy Dickman R. J. Gutiérrez R. J. Irvine Maria Johansson Aleksandra Majić Barry J. McMahon Simon Pooley Camilla Sandström Annelie Sjölander‐Lindqvist Ketil Skogen Jon E. Swenson Arie Trouwborst Juliette Young E. J. Milner‐Gulland 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2017,92(4):2157-2163
Finding effective ways of conserving large carnivores is widely recognised as a priority in conservation. However, there is disagreement about the most effective way to do this, with some favouring top‐down ‘command and control’ approaches and others favouring collaboration. Arguments for coercive top‐down approaches have been presented elsewhere; here we present arguments for collaboration. In many parts of the developed world, flexibility of approach is built into the legislation, so that conservation objectives are balanced with other legitimate goals. In the developing world, limited resources, poverty and weak governance mean that collaborative approaches are likely to play a particularly important part in carnivore conservation. In general, coercive policies may lead to the deterioration of political legitimacy and potentially to non‐compliance issues such as illegal killing, whereas collaborative approaches may lead to psychological ownership, enhanced trust, learning, and better social outcomes. Sustainable hunting/trapping plays a crucial part in the conservation and management of many large carnivores. There are many different models for how to conserve carnivores effectively across the world, research is now required to reduce uncertainty and examine the effectiveness of these approaches in different contexts. 相似文献
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C. W. Cunningham 《Biological invasions》2008,10(1):1-6
The rapid range southward expansion of the periwinkle Littorina littorea from the Canadian maritimes has fueled a long-running debate over whether this species was introduced to North America by
human activity. A reappraisal of the mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence finds considerable endemic allelic diversity in the
American population. The degree of endemic genetic diversity is higher than expected from human-mediated colonization, but
not so much to suggest that it survived the last glacial maximum in America. Coalescent estimates of population divergence
agree that colonization of America preceded European contact. A reappraisal of the ITS nuclear sequence data finds extensive
recombination. Taking this recombination into account strengthens the genetic case against human-mediated introduction. Finally,
a reappraisal of conflicting allozyme studies from the 1970’s supports a claim of limited divergence between American and
European populations. This is consistent with post-glacial colonization, but the allozyme data cannot distinguish between
natural or human-mediated colonization. Taken as a whole, the DNA sequence data supports the many sub-fossil reports of an
American L. littorea population in the Canadian maritimes that preceded even the first visits by the Vikings. 相似文献
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