湖北西陵峡地区的植被

湖北西陵峡地区处于我国亚热带向暖温带过渡的区域,植被及植物成分具有明显的过渡特征,其类型及其种类极为复杂。本文重点探讨该地区主要的植被类型组合及分布情况,计自然植被有5个植被型,9个群系纲,15个群系组,46个群系;人工植被有1个植被型,2个群系纲,5个群系组,8个群系。     

湖北省植被分类的研究 Ⅰ.自然植被

本文论述了湖北植被分类的原则、依据,植被分类的单位和命名,并拟订了5级分类系统,以植被型、群系、群丛作为主要分类单位。根据多年来全省野外调查资料分析,湖北植被划分为8个植被型组、13个植被型、66个群系组、152个群系、10个群丛。     

1:100万中国植被图森林和灌丛群系类型的补充资料

《中华人民共和国植被图(1:1,000,000)》是我国植被研究的最重要数据。受当时研究基础和制图技术限制, 部分植被群系未能体现在中国植被图上。为了给新一代中国植被图的编研提供基础数据, 本文在搜集从20世纪50年代至今的中国植被研究的相关文献的基础上, 提取其中的植被群系名称和分布信息, 采用植物群落学-生态学原则, 以优势种相同作为依据, 合并部分相近的群系类型。与《中华人民共和国植被图(1:1,000,000)》中的森林和灌丛群系进行对比, 本文新增了1,475个森林和灌丛群系。     

遥感判图植被类型的研究

认识一个地区的植被,首先涉及到的是鉴别植物类型和植被分类问题.《中国植被》分出29个植被型,560余个群系,植被类型描述的主要对象是群系[1].《云南植被》根据所采用的植被分类原则和依据,划出12个植被型,169个群系和209个群丛,植被分类至群丛一级[2].面对如此庞大的分类系统,在中比例尺图上却只能反映到植被亚型和群系.为满足本课题研究目标,我们采用以反映现状植被的原则,便于今后动态监测.经过近二年的研究,金沙江流域(云南部份)1.091×105km2范围内有自然植被和栽培植被共23个植被类型,制作了1:250000的数字化植被图.     

系统发育多样性与系统发育结构在岛屿植物群落保护中的意义——以蜈支洲岛为例

为探讨系统发育多样性和系统发育结构在岛屿植物群落保护决策制定中的作用,以海南三亚蜈支洲岛被子植物群系为例,分析物种丰富度和系统发育多样性的相关性。结果表明,蜈支洲岛植被可分为10种群系类型,22个样方的物种丰富度与系统发育多样性呈显著正相关,但系统发育多样性与物种丰富度对植物多样性保护优先顺序的指示有差异。森林群系的物种丰富度和系统发育多样性普遍高于灌木和草本群系,4个森林群系样方表现为系统发育结构发散,3个森林群系样方表现为系统发育结构聚集。灌木群系中露兜树(Pandanus tectorius)灌丛和草海桐(Scaevola sericea)灌丛系统发育多样性较高,草本群系中厚藤(Vitex trifolia)灌草丛系统发育多样性较高,灌木和草本群系大多倾向于系统发育结构聚集。距海或人类活动区较近的群系可能受环境过滤的作用,而远离海和人类活动区的群系主要受竞争排斥作用影响。因此,在岛屿植物多样性保护策略制定中应当综合考虑物种和系统发育维度,以及环境、演替阶段及用岛方式等因素的影响。     

广西常绿阔叶林的分类和地理分布研究

常绿阔叶林是东亚湿润亚热带地区特有的地带性植被类型,群落类型多种多样。作者研究制定了广西常绿阔叶林的分类系统,包括１３个群系组、５２个群系,列举有代表性的１０３个群丛。扼要地阐述了它们的地理分布生境特点,为其保护和科学的管理提供基本材料。     

乌鲁木齐河源区高寒冰缘植被的生态特征研究

对乌鲁木齐河源区高寒冰缘植被进行了调查和生态环境分析。研究了高寒冰缘植物对寒区环境在形态结构和繁殖方式等方面的适应特征及其生态对策,在该区域垂直带谱中,植被包括了两个垂直带;高山草甸和高山垫状植被。主要植物群系有：苔草群系、蒿草群系、早熟禾群系、四蕊山莓草系、高山红景天群系、族生柔籽草群系、珠芽蓼群系等７个,共包括２７类植物群（群丛）此外,在高山流石堆上具有有牌演替早期阶段的高山植物群聚。决定该区     

海南七差地区植被数量分类

在对海南黎族七差地区野外植被调查基础上,得到物种数据和环境信息,并应用PC-ORD软件对样地数据进行分类排序.根据<中国植被>分类原则,并结合<广东植被>等相关资料,对分类结果作适度调整后,建立了七差地区植被分类系统.该地区植被可归入3个植被型组、8个植被型、2个群系组和6个群系.6个群系分别为木棉 厚皮 鸡尖群系(Form.Bombax ceiba Lannea coromandelica Terminalia nigrovenulosa)、南亚松群系(Form.Pinus latteri)、白茅群系(Form.Imperata arundinacea)、厚皮树 鹧鸪麻 木棉群系(Form.L.coromandelica Kleinhovia hospital B.ceiba)、陆均松 线枝蒲桃 竹叶青冈群系(Form.Dacrydium pierrei Syzygium araiocladum Cycloba-lanopsis bambusaefolia)、青梅 细仔龙 高山榕 白茶群系(Form.Vatica mangavhapoi Ameslodendron chinense Ficus altissima Koilodepas hainanensis).NMDS排序第一轴反映了土壤湿度梯度,第二排序轴反映了海拔高度梯度,样地在排序轴分布与实际情况相吻合.该地区植被形成、分布及变化与其特殊的气候条件及少数民族独特的生产方式有关系.     

安徽省皇藏峪自然保护区森林植被的数量分类

本文用聚类分析的方法,将皇藏岭自然保护区的森林植被划分出1个植被型,2个群系组和7个群系。并分别描述了各群系的主要群落学特征。通过排序揭示出植被沿水分梯度变化、分布的规律。样地在二维空间中集散分布的特点进一步印证了聚合分类的可信性结果。     

拉萨河流域植物群落的数量分类与排序

青藏高原植物群落空间分异格局是异质生境条件下物种性状、种间相互作用等生态学过程共同作用的结果,对其分析有助于深入理解群落形成与环境因子之间的关系。基于拉萨河流域自然植被样带调查,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)等方法,探讨了群落的结构组成及影响其结构分异的主导环境因子。结果表明:(1) TWINSPAN数量分类将拉萨河流域草地系统划分成12个群系类型,即圆叶合头菊+唐古拉翠雀花群系;紫花针茅群系;青藏臺草群系;雪层杜鹃+鲜卑花-西藏嵩草群系;高山嵩草群系;小叶金露梅群系;硬叶柳+杯腺柳群系;水栒子+拱枝绣线菊-高山嵩草群系;绢毛蔷薇-冷蒿+白草群系;大果圆柏-垂穗披碱草群系;铺地柏-藏橐吾+高原荨麻群系;醉鱼草+砂生槐群系。12种群系类型包含了较多的植被类型,包括高寒灌丛草甸、高寒灌丛草原、稀树草原、高寒草甸和高寒草原等。(2) CCA排序表明:影响拉萨河流域植物群系分布的主要环境因子是年均温度、海拔和经度和纬度,其次是年均降雨量。(3) TWINSPAN分类与CCA排序结合反映了群系分布格局变异与环境因子之间的关系,可为拉萨河流域草地的保护和可持续利用,以及相关的植被群落研究提供参考。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.