冬眠和非冬眠期喜马拉雅旱獭乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的初步研究

本文用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘电泳和紫外光谱法对冬眠期和非冬眠期喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)心、肾、肝脏及骨骼肌的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶带谱分布及其酶活力进行了测定。结果表明:(1)不同组织的酶谱有明显不同,且有多亚带和多态现象。(2)冬眠期各组织的总酶活力高于非冬眠期。     

眼镜蛇及竹叶青蛇咬伤与心肌酶谱研究

目的 探讨眼镜蛇和竹叶青蛇咬伤后心肌酶谱改变的关系,以提高蛇伤的诊治水平.方法 选择在我科住院治疗的眼镜蛇咬伤病人124例及竹叶青蛇咬伤86例,根据其肢体肿胀程度分为轻度、中度、重度3组,所有病人在入院时均查心肌酶谱及心电图,心肌酶谱中还增加了肌红蛋白(Mb)、抗心肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)检测参数.并对实验室检测的心肌酶谱进行统计分析.结果 124例眼镜蛇咬伤病人中,心肌酶谱异常者占87.8%;86例竹叶青蛇咬伤病人中,心肌酶谱异常者占79.4%.中度肿胀组和重度肿胀组心肌酶谱异常发生率为100%;中度组与轻度组比较,心肌酶谱各项指标明显升高(P＜0.05);重度组与轻度组比较,心肌酶谱各项指标更显著(P＜0.01).眼镜蛇咬伤中、重度肿胀组,其心电图改变有显著性差异(P＜0.05),但竹叶青蛇伤组,心电图变化无特殊临床意义.结论 我国南方常见的眼镜蛇及竹叶青蛇咬伤,心肌酶谱变化显著,且升高与受伤的严重程度呈正相关,可作为诊断和观察病情的敏感指标.     

5种樱桃属植物的POD、CAT和SOD同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板凝胶电泳技术对5种樱桃属植物的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的酶谱特征进行分析,结果表明:5种樱桃属植物共电泳出12条POD同工酶酶带、4条CAT同工酶酶带和8条SOD同工酶酶带;其中,POD同工酶酶谱具有5条共同谱带,CAT同工酶4条,SOD同工酶5条。冬季休眠期的樱桃属植物,POD与SOD同工酶谱带的多样性比较丰富,不同植物之间的谱带差异较大;而CAT同工酶谱带差异不明显。     

禾本科牧草的同工酶分析

本文分析了23种禾本科牧草的酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明,如果统一取材标准及实验条件严格,酶谱资料是稳定可比较的,有一定的系统分类价值。酶谱并结合其它资料证明了成立鼠茅属(Vulpia)的合理性。酶谱资料还表明,黑麦草属(Lolium)可能是小麦族和羊茅族相互联系的桥梁。根据酶谱距离的资料,讨论了小麦族的某些属间关系。例如,作者发现,酶谱资料显示出鹅观草属与披碱草属赖草与披碱草属之间有更近的亲缘关系。     

高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔骨骼肌糖酵解和肝脏乳酸代谢的差异(英文)北大核心CSCD

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniac)和高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)是青藏高原地区特有的土著动物。本文旨在探讨高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠骨骼肌糖酵解和肝脏乳酸代谢的不同生理机制。我们克隆出两种动物肝脏中的丙酮酸羧化酶(pytuvate carboxy-lase,PC)基因的部分序列;应用real-timePCR法测定两种动物肝脏和骨骼肌中PC、LDH-A和LDH-BmRNA的表达水平;使用苹果酸偶联法测定肝脏中PC酶活力,并测定两种动物骨骼肌和肝脏中乳酸含量、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活力;用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳观察肝脏和骨骼肌LDH同工酶谱。结果显示:(1)高原鼢鼠骨骼肌LDH-BmRNA的表达量极显著高于高原鼠兔(P<0.01),而LDH-AmRNA的表达量没有差异(P>0.05);(2)高原鼠兔肝脏中PC、LDH-A和LDH-BmRNA的表达量都极显著高于高原鼢鼠(P<0.01);(3)高原鼠兔肝脏和骨骼肌中LDH和乳酸含量以及肝脏中PC活力均极显著高于高原鼢鼠(P<0.01);(4)LDH同工酶谱显示,高原鼠兔骨骼肌以LDH-A4、LDH-A3B、LDH-A2B2为主,而高原鼢鼠骨骼肌以LDH-AB3、LDH-B4为主;在高原鼠兔肝脏中LDH以LDH-A3B,LDH-A2B2,LDH-AB3和LDH-B4为主,而高原鼢鼠肝脏只有LDH-A4。以上结果表明,高原鼠兔通过提高骨骼肌无氧糖酵解的水平为其快速奔跑提供能量,通过提高肝脏中糖异生水平快速将骨骼肌运动所产生的乳酸转化为葡萄糖和糖原,所以减少了在低氧环境中对氧的依赖,而高原鼢鼠尽管生活在低氧的地下洞道,它通过提高骨骼肌有氧糖酵解的水平,为其持续的挖掘活动提供能量。     

几种同工酶与猕猴桃品种对溃疡病抗性关系的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、同工酶分析技术分别研究了猕猴桃植株体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酯酶(EST)同工酶谱带的变化,结果表明:自然感染溃疡病前后,此6种同工酶谱带特征在不同抗感品种中表现出一定的差异.未感染溃疡病菌前,抗(感)品系枝条、叶片POD同工酶均有2条酶带,PPO同工酶有3条酶带,但感病品种酶带颜色深且粗,而抗病品种酶带颜色浅且细,叶片酶带颜色深于枝条;SOD、CAT同工酶谱带均为1条,Rf值分别为0.38、0.28,感性品种较抗耐品种谱带亮度高活性强;自然发病后,抗(感)品系POD、PPO同工酶谱带数都增加,分别为4、3条和5、4条,且抗病品种新酶带出现较感病品种早且酶带粗颜色深活性强,感病品系虽也有新酶带出现,但酶带少活性弱,抗病品系枝条、叶片POD、PPO同工酶新谱带的Rf值分别为0.63、0.67和0.85、0.87;抗感病品种SOD、CAT同工酶都被诱导产生了1条新的同工酶谱带,Rf分别为0.32和0.27,新酶带现色时间迟,且酶带颜色浅活性弱,但抗耐品种较感性品种谱带亮且活性强;EST同工酶于自然发病前后变化不大,与抗病性关系不很明显.     

He-Ne激光处理不同时期蚕豆幼苗对抗氧化系统的影响

采用功率为3.50 mW/mm2的He-Ne激光处理不同时期蚕豆,研究其四叶期叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及同工酶谱的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,He-Ne激光处理不同时期蚕豆,MDA含量均显著降低,且各处理间没有显著差异;SOD、POD、CAT酶活性有不同程度提高。SOD、POD同工酶的酶谱在浸种24小时和胚芽露头期经激光处理后改变,在一叶期处理后没有改变;CAT同工酶谱没有变化;在一叶期处理的三种同工酶谱都没有改变。     

几种担子菌胞外漆酶同工酶谱的研究

从猴头(Hericium erinaceus)、亚侧耳(Hohenbuehelia serotina)、毛柄金钱菌(Co-llybia velutipes)、多脂鳞伞(Pholiota adiposa)、香菇(Lentinus edodes)、黑木耳(Auriculariaauricula)、草菇(Volvaria volpacea)二孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)和紫孢侧耳(Pleurotussapidus)、侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)风尾菇(P.sajor-caju)、金顶侧耳(P.citrinopileatus)、鲍鱼菇(P.cystidiosus)、佛罗里达侧耳(P.florida)、爪哇漏斗状侧耳(P.sajor-caju var.javanicus)商品化菌种的培养滤液里所得到的胞外漆酶(LC),采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦盘状电泳方法,分析比较了它们的胞外漆酶同工酶。经多批次比较试验,获得了侧耳属七个种和八个不同属间各自恒定的漆酶同工酶谱。在这些酶谱中,分别包含了 A 组(pH3—5)和 B 组(pH5—8)的谱带。而且,所有菌种间漆酶带的等电点值(pI)各有异同。没有测定菌种间各漆酶带含量差别。讨论了漆酶同工酶谱用于分类研究的可能性。     

胞外漆酶同工酶谱及其在食用菌育种中的应用——Ⅰ.黑木耳及光帽鳞伞不同菌株的鉴别

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦圆盘电泳,分析比较了黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)16个菌株和光帽鳞伞(Pholiota nameko)9个菌株的胞外漆酶同工酶酶谱。经多批次重复,得到了所有菌株的恒定酶谱。依照这些酶谱及各酶带等电点(pI)值的不同,确立了它们的漆酶标志位点相似系谱。16株黑木耳被区分成4种类型9个组。9株光帽鳞伞被分成两种类型3个组,但各组内之菌株间仍有异同。试验结果表明,把漆酶同工酶谱应用于菌株鉴别将是一种有意义的方法。     

姜黄属植物过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析姜黄属14种(28个样品)植物的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明属内种间有明显的酶谱差异,各种都有特征酶谱。根据酶谱特征及酶谱距离,结合根茎颜色,可把14个种分成三群:第一群,根茎黄色至深红色,有姜黄、毛姜黄、郁金、印尼莪术、C.petiolata和C.sP.(2);第二群,根茎灰白色,有广西莪术、大莪术和温郁金;第三群,根茎浅黄而间淡蓝色或深蓝色,有莪术、顶花莪术、细莪术、C.aeruginosa及C.zedoaria。研究结果还表明:1.国产莪术的酶谱与从美国引入的C.zedoaria和C.aeruginosa均不相同,而与引自新加坡的C.Phaeocaulis一致;2.不同形态的广西莪术具有完全一致的酶谱;3.温郁金与郁金的酶谱有差异。     

高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的初步研究

比较异种生物同工酶(Isoenzyme)能从分子水平阐明物种的多样性。近年来,不少学者对许多动物的同工酶进行广泛而深入的研究(Masters 1975,Markert,1975)。其中对乳酸脱氢酶(以下简称LDH)的研究最为详尽(Everse等,1973,Moss,1982)。乳酸脱氢酶同工酶是由H(或B),M(或A)2种亚基组成的一组四聚体分子。H,M亚基分别受不同基因位点控制,并按不同比例组成5种不同的同工酶。     

不同性别黄鳝六种组织中LDH同工酶电泳谱的初步研究

本文报告了运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳研究不同性别黄鳝的血清、心肌、骨骼肌、肝、肾和生殖腺等六种组织器官中ＬＤＨ同工酶。结果表明六种不同组织中ＬＤＨ同工酶谱各不相同,具有明显的组织特异性。在不同性别中某些同一种组织的ＬＤＨ同工酶谱也发生变化,这说明决定黄鳝ＬＤＨ同工酶表达的因素在不同性别中有差异。     

低氧对高原鼠兔肝细胞内质网和心肌肌浆网Ca^2＋泵的影响

模拟高原低氧条件研究高原鼠兔肝细胞内质网（Ｅｎｄｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｕｍ,ＥＲ）和心肌肌浆网（Ｓａｒｃｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｕｍ,ＳＲ）钙泵功能变化。实验设对照组（海拔２３００ｍ）和两个低氧实验组（模拟海拔５０００ｍ和７０００ｍ）。２４ｈ急性低氧时,海拔５０００ｍ组高原鼠兔ＥＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性无变化,海拔７０００ｍ组高原鼠兔ＥＲＣａ２＋泵活性下降２９．０２％。７ｄ亚急性低氧时高原鼠兔ＳＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性无显著变化。高原鼠兔ＥＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性在海拔５０００ｍ组和７０００ｍ组分别升高３２．５０％和３３．３３％。２５ｄ慢性低氧时高原鼠兔ＥＲ,ＳＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性均无显著变化．表明：急性低氧对Ｃａ２＋泵功能有抑制作用,低氧７ｄ后抑制缓解,至２５ｄ低氧时趋于恢复。     

Isoenzyme spectra of lactate dehydrogenase in tissues of mammals of the Mustelidae family

A comparative analysis of distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in the heart, kidneys, lungs, spleen, liver and skeletal muscle was performed in 4 species of carnivorous mammals (Mustelidae family): American mink (Mustela vison Schr.), polecat (Mustela putorius L.), sable (Martes zibellina L.) and pine marten (Martes martes L.). It was found that in the mink, unlike pure terrestrial mustelids (polecat, sable, pine marten), the anaerobic LDH-5 fraction was predominant in the LDH isoenzyme spectrum in the liver, skeletal muscle, lungs and spleen. In all species studied, aerobic B(H) subunits of LDH were found to prevail in the heart and kidney, whereas anaerobic A(M) subunits prevailed in the liver and spleen. The tissue- and species-specific features of LDH isoenzyme spectra revealed in different mustelids reflect the biochemical adaptation of the animals to environmental conditions.     

Shift of anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in the rats acclimatized to hypoxia

1. Metabolic acclimatization by repeated exposure to a simulated altitude of 4000, 5000 and 6000 m for 2 hr per day throughout 2 to 11 days was evaluated by the increased formation of ketone bodies as a marker of fatty acid oxidation and the decreased production of lactate and uric acid, the indicators of anaerobic metabolism in rats exposed to an altitude of 8000 m. 2. Pre-exposure of rats to an altitude of 5000 m and over caused an acclimatization to hypoxia. The rise of the altitude to which rats were pre-exposed reduced the period until the acquisition of metabolic acclimatization. 3. Acclimatized rats showed an increased activity of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase without changes in glycolytic enzyme activity in skeletal muscle, heart and liver. 4. Acclimatization to high altitude hypoxia is concluded to involve a shift of the anaerobic glycolysis to aerobic metabolism by the increase in the oxidative enzymes.     

喜马拉雅土拨鼠非冬眠期乳酸脱氢酶同工酶基因表达特征

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和紫外光谱法分析非冬眠期喜马拉雅土拨鼠4种组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的酶谱及其活力,该鼠骨骼肌酶带的多态分布,可能是潜在的调节基因调控所致。另外,本文还对构象异构体产生的亚带进行了研讨。     

Physiological significance of catalase and glutathione peroxidases,and in vivo peroxidation,in selected tissues of the toadDiscoglossus pictus (Amphibia) during acclimation to normobaric hyperoxia

1. Various parameters related to oxidative stress were measured in adult Discoglossus pictus acclimated for 15 days to either normoxia or hyperoxia (PO2 = 710 mmHg). 2. Total weight of the toads and total and relative wet weight of liver, kidneys, lungs and heart were not changed by hyperoxic acclimation. 3. In vivo tissue peroxidation increased in lung, decreased in skeletal muscle, and was not changed in liver, kidney, heart and skin after hyperoxic exposure. 4. Hyperoxic acclimation increased catalase activities in the lung, liver, kidney and heart but not in skeletal muscle and skin. 5. Liver showed higher GSH-peroxidase activity with cumene-OOH than with H2O2 as substrate, whereas lung, skeletal muscle and skin presented similar GSH-peroxidase activities with both substrates. 6. GSH-peroxidase activities did not change between hyperoxic and normoxic animals in liver, lung, skeletal muscle and skin. 7. These results show that catalase, not GSH-peroxidase, is the principal H2O2 detoxifying enzyme involved in the adaptation of D. pictus to hyperoxia.     

低氧对雄性高原鼠兔性腺的影响

在人工模拟低氧环境下（低压舱模拟５０００ｍ和７０００ｍ海拔高度）,低氧暴露２４ｈ和７ｄ,观察低氧对受试动物性腺的影响。结果表明,急性低氧２４ｈ,高原鼠兔血浆雌二醇（Ｅ２）明显升高;低氧暴露７ｄ,高原鼠兔血浆Ｅ２仍维持一较高水平;５０００ｍ低氧暴露７ｄ,其睾丸指数无明显变化,７０００ｍ时却有所降低。同等条件下,大鼠睾丸指数明显增高;５０００ｍ和７０００ｍ低氧暴露７ｄ对高原鼠兔睾丸组织形态无明显影响,然而,大鼠曲细精管间隙增大,且曲细精管内各级细胞排列紊乱。低氧环境下,高原鼠兔雄体血浆Ｅ２增高,可能是其低氧适应的特征之一     

Different copy numbers of apparently identically deleted mitochondrial DNA in tissues from a patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome detected by PCR

An apparently identical deletion of 4.977 bp in length (position 8,483-13,459) was detectable in the mitochondrial DNA from skeletal muscle, heart muscle, kidney, and liver of a patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. The proportion of deleted genome varied from 60% for the skeletal muscle to 15% for heart muscle and kidney, and was below 5% in the liver. The mtDNA heteroplasmy of the liver was only detectable after amplification by PCR. In skeletal and heart muscle histochemical and immunocytochemical findings concerning cytochrome c oxidase were in good correlation with the proportion of deleted mitochondrial DNA.     

Radioimmunoassay of carbonic anhydrase III in rat tissues.

A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the rat carbonic anhydrase III isoenzyme was developed. High concentrations of carbonic anhydrase III were detected in soleus muscle and male liver. Female liver and other skeletal muscles contained significantly lower concentrations, and only trace amounts were found in heart, prostate, kidney, brain, plasma, urine and, possibly, erythrocytes.