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《Chronobiology international》2013,30(3):293-294
The International Society for Chronobiology has as its aims, furthering the study of temporal changes in living matter, including biological rhythms in development and ageing in individuals and populations; studying and defining the mechanisms of temporal changes; fostering practical applications for chronobiological findings to mankind in basic and applied biology, physiology, work hygiene and the medical sciences; promoting education in and wide understanding of chronobiology; and furthering contact between scientists in the field and providing a forum for practitioners of chronobiology. 相似文献
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《Chronobiology international》1989,6(3):293-294
The International Society for Chronobiology has as its aims, furthering the study of temporal changes in living matter, including biological rhythms in development and ageing in individuals and populations; studying and defining the mechanisms of temporal changes; fostering practical applications for chronobiological findings to mankind in basic and applied biology, physiology, work hygiene and the medical sciences; promoting education in and wide understanding of chronobiology; and furthering contact between scientists in the field and providing a forum for practitioners of chronobiology. 相似文献
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Chronobiology of alcohol: from chronokinetics to alcohol-related alterations of the circadian system
The development of concepts in chronobiology is intimately linked to studies on alcohol, as a number of these are based on chronobiological variations observed in the metabolism of ethanol. This concerns circadian differences in its metabolism (chronokinetics) and effects (chronoefficacy and chronotoxicity) and also inherent circadian rhythmicity in the sensitivity of target organs to its effects (chronesthesy). Chronobiologic discoveries are also fertile grounds for understanding the biological and psychotropic effects of alcohol. Confusing effects, which are difficult to explain by conventional homeostatic theory, are easy to understand when considered in the context of the concepts of chronopharmacology, and thereby uncovering new pathways of investigation. Beyond the studies that have elucidated the rhythm-dependent variation in ethanol, chronobiology is opening new explanatory pathways concerning the attributes of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome and effects of alcohol on the development of the central nervous system, particularly the development of the internal clock, and on the alcohol-dependency syndrome. The concepts of chronopharmacology and chronotoxicology are of equal importance to the fields of occupational medicine and industry medicine. 相似文献
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The premise of this review is that chronobiology, the science of biologic time structure and rhythms, is important in investigations concerning the etiology, mechanisms and effects of deficient mental adaptive development. Chronobiology is also shown to have potential importance in therapeutics and rehabilitation. Most of the information available now and supporting this wide-spread relevance of chronobiology relates to circadian rhythms, but physiological and behavioral rhythms having other cycle lengths also contribute. Recent findings in seven topic areas of chronobiology are reviewed with emphasis on facts and relationships actually or potentially important for consideration in mental retardation research. These are: 1) development of sleep and EEG patterns; 2) rhythmic susceptibility to seizures; 3) adrenocortical and dependent rhythms; 4) circadian rhythms in amino acids and biogenic amines; 5) rhythmic behaviors; 6) circadian rhythms in susceptibility and responses to drugs; and 7) circadian rhythms in human perception and performance. 相似文献
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Aquaporins are membrane-intrinsic proteins that facilitate membrane transport of water and small solutes or even gases. Aquaporin genes are found in almost all living organisms. In plants the proteins account for water uptake and transport as well as CO2 availability for photosynthesis. These processes are subjected to diurnal or circadian regimes. Expression and even function of aquaporins also follows day - night rhythms. Significance of aquaporin function in chronobiology has been provided by recent publications, which are summarised here. Examples of the significance of aquaporins in processes related to chronobiology are given for root water transport and leaf movement in several plant species. 相似文献
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W J Rietveld 《Hormone research》1990,33(2-4):53-57
The field of chronobiology, the study of the rhythms in plants and animals, was restricted to botanists for centuries. Only recently during the last decades could research be broadened to include animals and later even human beings. Rhythms have been documented and related to the alternation of day and night and to the succession of the seasons. Nowadays, chronobiology has developed into a multidisciplinary field in which scientists are involved in basic research as well as in applied topics. This paper gives an introduction to the field, especially dealing with the aspect of rhythm development, and the way in which the different 24-hour rhythms in children become apparent. 相似文献
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R Baler 《Journal of biological rhythms》2001,16(6):516-522
In spite of its apparent weakness as a clock model, the budding yeast has spawned a technique that has revolutionized our ability to study specific protein-protein interactions like those at the core of the molecular timekeeping mechanisms. Here, the author will summarize the evolution, power, and limitations of this technique and highlight its potential and actual contributions to the field of chronobiology. 相似文献
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《Chronobiology international》2013,30(4):377-394
Two Gallup telephone interview surveys were conducted during 1996 of 320 American primary care physicians and 1011 adults to assess their knowledge and attitudes about medical chronobiology and chronotherapeu-tics. Of the doctors, 88% claimed to possess at least some familiarity with the concept of chronobiology and circadian rhythms; however, many were not often able to identify correctly the time of day or night when common medical conditions and events most likely occur or worsen. Furthermore, a significant number of doctors believed that chronotherapies, special dosage forms that proportion medications during the day and night in synchrony to need with reference to 24h patterns in the intensity of symptoms and risk of severe medical events, were already being marketed in the United States for angina pectoris, hypertension, respiratory allergies, and other medical conditions even though this was not the case at the time of the survey. On the other hand, the doctors were relatively unaware of those chronotherapies that actually did exist to treat asthma and peptic ulcer disease. American adults also lacked knowledge of temporal patterns in disease and were seldom able to identify the clock time when asthma and myocardial infarction are of greatest risk or when blood pressure is highest. Although neither the American physicians nor adults possessed knowledge of these facts, both had a strong positive attitude toward the concept of chronotherapeutics. Overall, the findings of these Gallup surveys indicate that a massive educational effort is necessary immediately to ensure new developments in medical chronobiology and chronotherapeutics are correctly comprehended and properly incorporated by physicians into clinical medicine and wisely utilized by patients. 相似文献
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F Halberg 《The American journal of anatomy》1983,168(4):543-594
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Biological rhythms are currently subject of an increasing interest in the society, especially for its incidence on the health and nowadays they are present in many communication media. The popularization of these topics makes necessary a general training in chronobiology that could take place at all levels of education. Moreover, the timetables in today’s societies are also a matter of debate for its repercussion in the human circadian clock, since they may alter people’s life and health. Here we analyse the need for training on Chronobiology in the society and the different levels in which it could be achieved. Moreover, we analyse several circumstances of time management in the society, which may influence individual’s circadian rhythms. Apart from researching, chronobiologists are also responsible for spreading the scientific basis of the circadian rhythms in the society. 相似文献
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P Cugini I Girelli M Latini A A Cogliati L Di Palma P Battisti W Felici L Tucciarone 《Chronobiologia》1988,15(4):291-298
Chronobiology, in its methodological evolution, developed data series analyses paying particular attention to blood pressure (BP), because of the importance of this biorhythmic variable for assessing the risk of developing hypertension. An example of the potentiality of the chronobiologic procedures is given in the present report which deals with the inferential analysis of the BP 24-h patterns in 3-12 year-old children. By using the chronobiologic methodology, time-qualified standards for BP are calculated. Rhythmometric parameters for circadian rhythm of systolic and diastolic components of BP are also computed. Data presented are a tangible outcome for emphasizing the introduction of chronobiology in epidemiology and pediatrics in order to optimize the primary prevention and care of hypertension taking as reference the chronobiologic standards of BP. 相似文献
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While the rapid development of personal computers and high-throughput recording systems for circadian rhythms allow chronobiologists to produce huge amounts of data, the software to analyze them often lags behind. Here, we announce newly developed chronobiology software that is easy to use, compatible with many different systems, and freely available. Our system can perform the most frequently used analyses: actogram drawing, periodogram analysis, and waveform analysis. The software is distributed as a pure Java plug-in for ImageJ and so works on the 3 main operating systems: Linux, Macintosh, and Windows. We believe that this free software raises the speed of data analyses and makes studying chronobiology accessible to newcomers. 相似文献
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Monk TH 《Journal of biological rhythms》2000,15(2):86-94
This article is composed of a review of how the increasing numbers of people working abnormal hours (referred to as "shift workers") can best be helped by the science of chronobiology. While recognizing that chronobiologists can give much general advice regarding such things as diet, sleep hygiene, cardiovascular health, and the need to address social and domestic tensions, this article will focus specifically on the advice that can be given to employers and employees, which is directly rooted in our knowledge of chronobiology. 相似文献
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C Poirel 《Chronobiologia》1991,18(1):49-69
As an integrative discipline in physiology and medical research, chronobiology renders possible the discovery of new regulation processes regarding the central mechanisms of epilepsy. In this context, the temporal fluctuations of seizure susceptibility rhythmometrically detected tend to demonstrate 1. that tonic-clonic events are circadian stage-dependent processes whose temporal characteristics (i.e. MESOR, amplitude, acrophase) and clinical parameters (e.g. neurological components, severity of motor discharges) are predictable on the basis of mathematical models, and 2. that the generalized epileptic onsets may respond to telencephalic integrations modulated by centrencephalic circadian processes of vigilance. Considering the data model assumed for our rhythmometric analyses, the circadian psychophysiological patterns of epilepsy also express dynamic biologic systems which reveal some intermodulating endogenous processes between vigilance and seizure susceptibility. The new chronophysiology investigations considered at a rhythmometric level of resolution suggest several heuristic perspectives regarding 1. the central pathophysiology of epilepsy and 2. the behavioral classification of convulsive events. Such circadian studies also show that chronobiology raises some working hypotheses in psychophysiology and permits the development of new theoretical concepts in the field of neurological science. 相似文献
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《Chronobiology international》2013,30(5):539-563
The concept of homeostasis (i.e., constancy of the milieu interne) has long dominated the teaching and practice of medicine. Concepts and findings from chronobiology, the scientific study of biological rhythms, challenge this construct. Biological processes and functions are not at all constant; rather, they are organized in time as rhythms with period lengths that range in duration from as short as a second or less to as long as a year. It is the body's circadian (24h) rhythms that have been researched most intensely. The peak and trough of these rhythms are ordered rather precisely in time to support the biological requirements of activity during the day and sleep at night. The timing of the peak and trough plus the magnitude of variation (amplitude) of physiological and biochemical functions during the 24h give rise to predictable-in-time, day-night patterns in the manifestation and exacerbation of many common medical conditions. Circadian rhythms also can influence the response of patients to diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions according to their timing with reference to body rhythms. Rhythms in the pathophysiology of medical conditions and patient tolerance to medications constitute the basis for chronotherapeutics, the timing of treatment in relation to biological rhythm determinants as a means of optimizing beneficial effects and safety. The article discusses recent advances in medical chronobiology and chronotherapeutics and their relevance to clinical medicine in general and the management of asthma in particular. Indeed, since asthma is a disease that exhibits rather profound circadian rhythmicity, investigation of its pathophysiology and therapy necessitates a chronobiologic approach. 相似文献
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Michael H. Smolensky Alain E. Reinberg Richard J. Martin Erhard Haus 《Chronobiology international》1999,16(5):539-563
The concept of homeostasis (i.e., constancy of the milieu interne) has long dominated the teaching and practice of medicine. Concepts and findings from chronobiology, the scientific study of biological rhythms, challenge this construct. Biological processes and functions are not at all constant; rather, they are organized in time as rhythms with period lengths that range in duration from as short as a second or less to as long as a year. It is the body's circadian (24h) rhythms that have been researched most intensely. The peak and trough of these rhythms are ordered rather precisely in time to support the biological requirements of activity during the day and sleep at night. The timing of the peak and trough plus the magnitude of variation (amplitude) of physiological and biochemical functions during the 24h give rise to predictable-in-time, day-night patterns in the manifestation and exacerbation of many common medical conditions. Circadian rhythms also can influence the response of patients to diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions according to their timing with reference to body rhythms. Rhythms in the pathophysiology of medical conditions and patient tolerance to medications constitute the basis for chronotherapeutics, the timing of treatment in relation to biological rhythm determinants as a means of optimizing beneficial effects and safety. The article discusses recent advances in medical chronobiology and chronotherapeutics and their relevance to clinical medicine in general and the management of asthma in particular. Indeed, since asthma is a disease that exhibits rather profound circadian rhythmicity, investigation of its pathophysiology and therapy necessitates a chronobiologic approach. 相似文献