HCMV截短UL83基因真核表达重组体的构建、转染及其免疫效力研究

为了构建人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)截短UL83基因真核表达重组体,实现其在Hep-2细胞中的稳定表达,研究该截短UL83基因真核表达重组体免疫效力,采用基因重组的方法,将HCMV AD169株截短UL83基因定向克隆到带有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)作为报告基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-C1上,构建真核重组表达质粒pEGFP-C1-UL83;脂质体转染至Hep-2细胞中,G418筛选获得稳定表达pp65细胞表达系。经基因测序显示,重组体中截短UL83基因完全正确,RT-PCR和Western blot检测证实其可在Hep-2细胞中稳定表达。用该重组体和其表达产物在HCMV先天性感染小鼠模型上进行免疫保护试验显示,母鼠血清可检测到特异性抗HCMV pp65抗体,效价为:1∶2.51~1∶50.79;子鼠脑组织内未分离出病毒,亦未检测出病毒pp65蛋白抗原表达。初步结果表明,pEGFP-C1-UL83具有较好的免疫原性,可作为DNA疫苗刺激机体产生有效抗体,并具有阻止病毒垂直传播的保护性作用。     

人巨细胞病毒疫苗研究进展

人巨细胞病毒(Human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)是一类在自然界普遍存在的具有严格种属特异性的病毒,属β疱疹病毒亚科.Zsofia Gyulai等[1]对HCMV感染作了流行病学调查,发现体内抗病毒体液免疫反应主要针对gB;而细胞免疫反应主要针对pp65、pp150.根据HCMV感染的特点和机制,以上述几种结构糖蛋白设计候选基因工程疫苗,已得到了广泛的研究,包括基因工程亚单位疫苗、质粒载体DNA疫苗、病毒载体DNA疫苗、合成蛋白(肽)疫苗,另外还有Towne减毒活疫苗.在国外,有的疫苗已完成Ⅱ期临床试验研究[2].本文现就HCMV疫苗的种类及优缺点、相关佐剂、展望进行综述.     

人巨细胞病毒pp150蛋白片段与MDBP蛋白片段的融合表达及初步应用

人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染是临床上常见的一种病毒性传播疾病,正常人群常无明显的临床症状,而对器官移植患者、免疫力低下及孕妇等人可产生严重的危害。以HCMVAD169病毒株基因为模板,经PCR扩增了编码pp150蛋白片段的UL32基因和编码MDBP蛋白片段的UL57基因,目的基因转化入pMD18-T克隆载体后再经酶切与表达载体pET-11a连接构建出融合基因表达载体,然后转入大肠杆菌BL21,重组大肠杆菌经诱导表达融合蛋白pp150/MDBP。经SDS-PAGE分析,其相对分子量约为27kD,表达量约占菌体蛋白的17.45%,Westernblot鉴定为阳性,ELISA及蛋白芯片检测表明融合蛋白具有良好的抗原性,经过初步应用表明其对血清IgG及IgM的检出率与全抗原相比一致,具有进一步开发应用的价值。     

人巨细胞病毒pp65蛋白的原核表达及活性鉴定

以病毒全基因组为模板,通过PCR技术扩增HCMV pp65基因编码序列,其产物连接到pMD18-T质粒,酶切并回收目的片段后克隆到表达载体pTO-T7,然后将重组质粒pTO-T7-pp65转化大肠杆菌ER2566,大量表达后将重组蛋白进行质谱法分析鉴定,再利用Western blot以及间接ELISA进行重组蛋白的活性及抗原性鉴定.结果显示:通过SDS-PAGE鉴定可知,大肠杆菌可能表达出了重组蛋白,质谱分析结果说明了重组蛋白为pp65蛋白,具有极高可信度,其相对分子质量约为63 kD,从Western blot和间接ELISA(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)的结果可知,pp65蛋白作为抗原具有良好的免疫反应性与免疫原性,为制备相应的抗原诊断单克隆抗体打下了基础,同时也为开发HCMV IgG快速诊断ELISA试剂盒提供了可选原料.     

人巨细胞病毒磷蛋白65及糖蛋白B在大肠杆菌中的高效表达、免疫原性研究及初步应用

实验成功的构建了含有pp65与gB主要抗原决定簇基因的表达质粒pET-pp65、pET-gB;表达产物通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、免疫印迹、间接酶联免疫等一系列鉴定试验进行了分析。表达蛋白经初步纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,经0、2、4周免疫三次,免疫后2、4、6周眼眶采血收集抗血清,进行中和试验和ELISA检测。动物试验表明两种表达蛋白具有免疫原性,并可在小鼠体内诱导产生特异性抗体,其中用重组gB蛋白免疫小鼠后得到的抗血清在体外试验中能抑制天然病毒感染细胞。同时将这两种表达蛋白作为诊断用抗原,对临床94份血清进行检测,证实pp65具有较好的特异性,为今后研制HCMV诊断试剂提供了科学依据。     

呼吸道合胞病毒G蛋白基因片段的克隆及高效表达

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染遍布全球,并可导致严重的疾病,但目前尚无成功的疫苗问世.为寻求可能用于RSV疫苗研制的重组蛋白抗原,我们在克隆RSV-A全长G蛋白基因的基础上,构建了多种共表达载体蛋白和G蛋白片段的表达载体,并从中筛选出能以可溶形式高效表达抗原蛋白的原核表达体系.通过亲和层析纯化了重组蛋白抗原DsbA-G101,将其免疫Balb/c小鼠后获得了相应的抗血清.经ELISA检测表明DsbA-G101具有良好的免疫原性.基于本研究所构建的系列表达载体,可以比较不同的G蛋白片段免疫原性的强弱及载体蛋白的优劣,从中发现最佳的RSV抗原蛋白.     

轮状病毒VP4抗原表位在VP6载体蛋白同一位点表达比较研究

目的:评价轮状病毒(RV)VP4两个抗原表位插入VP6载体蛋白同一位点所表达的重组嵌合蛋白免疫学性质及在研制嵌合蛋白疫苗中的意义。方法:采用分子克隆和基因重组技术将RV VP4的两个抗原表位插入到VP6载体蛋白同一位点上,构建重组抗原表达质粒,表达携带不同抗原表位的重组嵌合蛋白,用Western blot和中和试验分析重组嵌合蛋白的抗原反应性和免疫原性。结果:成功构建了两个嵌合蛋白表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达;表达的嵌合蛋白可与相应抗体特异性反应;可诱导豚鼠产生特异性血清抗体;抗嵌合蛋白血清抗体可特异性识别载体蛋白VP6F,Wa株病毒的VP6和VP4蛋白,可中和Wa株病毒在MA104细胞上的感染性;结果表明,所构建和表达的两个以VP6为载体的VP4抗原表位嵌合蛋白具有较高抗原反应性和免疫原性;嵌合蛋白携带的VP4抗原表位具有增强载体蛋白免疫原性作用;为研制新型RV重组蛋白疫苗的奠定了较好的基础。     

人巨细胞病毒DNA疫苗免疫效果的初步研究

人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)是广泛感染人类的重要病原体之一,在人群中有较高的感染率,胎儿、婴儿、器官移植及免疫缺陷者等更易感染.现有的抗HCMV药物治疗及被动免疫由于毒性大、价格昂贵及短效性等原因,应用大受限制,为此研制安全、有效的疫苗即成为防治HCMV疾病的重要手段.HCMV具有潜在的致癌作用,不宜发展活疫苗或含完整病毒DNA的死疫苗;亚单位疫苗虽然比较安全,但所用抗原不能在宿主细胞内表达,只能诱导体液免疫,这对于胞内感染的HCMV预防效果较差;通过新佐剂的应用,虽可引发细胞免疫,但免疫原性较差,且成本较高.因此,目前倾向于研制具有免疫原性的HCMV DNA疫苗.     

基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒亚单位疫苗候选抗原的免疫原性比较

为了筛选出免疫原性最佳的基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒亚单位疫苗候选抗原,将基因Ⅰ型JEVGS株的prMEIII融合基因、polytope复合表位基因和prMEIII-polytope融合基因分别克隆构建到原核表达载体pET-30a上,经诱导表达纯化获得重组蛋白。将制备的重组蛋白免疫小鼠,通过ELISA监测体液免疫反应、通过噬斑减少中和试验滴定中和抗体滴度、通过细胞因子表达丰度和淋巴细胞增殖实验分析细胞介导的免疫反应,比较分析制备的乙型脑炎病毒亚单位疫苗候选抗原的免疫原性。结果表明:获得的分子量分别为35kDa(prMEIII)、28kDa(polytope复合表位抗原)和57 kDa (prMEIII-polytope)的重组蛋白均能诱导免疫小鼠产生较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。与prMEIII-polytope和polytope重组蛋白免疫组相比,prMEIII蛋白可诱导免疫小鼠产生更高的IL-2和IFN-γ表达丰度和淋巴细胞增殖水平(P0.05)。prMEIII蛋白免疫小鼠诱导产生的中和抗体滴度接近于商品化乙脑减毒疫苗SA14-14-2 (P0.05)。上述研究结果表明,prMEIII重组蛋白可以作为乙型脑炎病毒亚单位疫苗的备选蛋白。     

呼吸道合胞病毒G蛋白基因片段的克隆及高效表达

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染遍布全球,并可导致严重的疾病,但目前尚无成功的疫苗问世。为寻求可能用于RSV疫苗研制的重组蛋白抗原,我们在克隆RSV-A全长G蛋白基因的基础上,构建了多种共表达载体蛋白和G蛋白片段的表达载体,并从中筛选出能以可溶形式高效表达抗原蛋白的原核表达体系。通过亲和层析纯化了重组蛋白抗原DsbA-G101,将其免疫Balb／c小鼠后获得了相应的抗血清。经ELISA检测表明DsbA-G101具有良好的免疫原性。基于本研究所构建的系列表达载体,可以比较不同的G蛋白片段免疫原性的强弱及载体蛋白的优劣,从中发现最佳的RSV抗原蛋白。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Carnitine and creatine content of tissues of normal and alloxan-diabetic sheep and rats

The concentration of carnitine in liver increased 28-fold and urinary carnitine excretion 5-fold in alloxan-diabetic sheep. In contrast there were no similar increases in alloxan-diabetic rats. The creatine content of liver decreased 3-fold and creatine excretion decreased 2-fold in diabetic sheep. In contrast the creatine content of liver increased nearly 4-fold in diabetic rats with no change in creatine excretion. The marked increased in production of carnitine by the liver of the diabetic sheep appears possible because of decreased production and excretion of creatine.     

Asymmetry of cilia and of mice and men.

Evidence is given for the opinion that cilia in the early embryo, by their work, determine the laterality of the body; without ciliary work body laterality would be randomized. More exactly, monocilia in the primitive node are responsible for this determination. They have been described as being of the 9+0 type, but with dynein arms and with a gyrating movement. The orientation of the monocilia on the epithelium is of no importance but the direction of their gyration is, as may also be the shape of the node. The chirality of the cilia is thus reflected directly in the asymmetry of the body. The dynein arms go clockwise as seen from the base to tip and the ciliary rotation is in the same direction. The resulting waterflow is towards the left and so is the movement of the forming heart. In most subgroups of the immotile-cilia syndrome this mechanism does not work and equally many individuals will be born with situs inversus as with situs solitus. An exception is the immotile-cilia subgroup, named 'microtubule transposition', which is characterized by all cilia having a 9+0 structure throughout most of their length.     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.