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1.
不同寄主植物对云南紫胶虫自然种群的影响 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
研究了云南紫胶虫(Kerria yunnanensis)在聚果榕、南岭黄檀、钝叶黄檀和偏叶榕上的发育、存活和繁殖情况.结果表明:在自然条件下,云南紫胶虫在钝叶黄檀上的种群初始密度最高,为181.17头·cm-2,聚果榕上最低,为145.27头·cm-2;雄虫占的比例以在南岭黄檀上最少,为0.19,偏叶榕和聚果榕上最多,为0.24;从幼虫到成虫的累积死亡率,南岭黄檀上最高,为90.03%,偏叶榕上最低,为87.05%;完成世代时间以在南岭黄檀上最长,为156 d,聚果榕上最短,为140 d;平均怀卵量以在南岭黄檀上最高,为536粒,聚果榕上最低,为345.86粒;虫体质量以在南岭黄檀上最大,为12.62 mg,偏叶榕上最小,为9.03 mg;世代净增值率以在南岭黄檀上最高,为48.51,聚果榕上最小,为32.79.综合比较4种不同寄主植物,南岭黄檀是云南紫胶虫夏季世代种群生长发育和繁殖最适宜的寄主. 相似文献
2.
The biology of the pentatomid Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) feeding on cultivated and non-cultivated plants was studied in the laboratory. Nymph mortality varied from approximately 60 on corn (seed mature) to 77% on wheat (ear immature); no nymphs survived on seedlings of corn or wheat. Nymph developmental time on soybean, corn or wheat (seed, pod or ear) varied from 25.5 to 32.8 days. Body weight at adult emergence was similar and greater on most foods than on wheat ear. Nymphs fed preferentially on soybean (pod immature). On non-cultivated hosts, nymphs showed high mortality (73%) on crotalaria (pod immature); on tropical spiderwort (stem) all nymphs died. Nymphs took longer time to develop on crotalaria and/or on spiderwort than on soybean. Body weight at adult emergence did not differ on crotalaria or soybean. Survivorship decreased with time on most foods, with approximately 50% of adults alive at day 30. On corn and wheat seedlings approximately 80% of adults were dead on day 20. Adult longevity ranged 31-43 days, except on corn and wheat seedlings < 15 days. Females % ovipositing peaked ( approximately 76%) on soybean (pod or seed immature), and was minimum ( approximately 9%) on wheat ear (immature); no females reproduced on seedlings of corn or wheat. Preoviposition period was shorter ( approximately 12 days) on soybean (immature pod or seed) and longer ( approximately 37 days) on wheat (ear immature). Fecundity was similar and higher on all foods than on wheat (ear immature). Body weigh gain occurred on all foods, but on corn and wheat seedlings. Adults fed preferably on soybean (pod immature and seed mature); wheat (seedling) was the least preferred food. 相似文献
3.
Chromosomal assignments of 23 biochemical loci of the rat by using rat x mouse somatic cell hybrids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A panel of 18 rat x mouse somatic cell hybrid clones segregating individual rat chromosomes in different combinations was used to assign 23 biochemical loci to rat chromosomes. The chromosomal locations for these 23 loci were determined as follows: GOT1 on rat chromosome 1; HAGH on 2; ACP2, ADA, GANC, ITPA, and SORD on 3; LDHB on 4; PEPB on 7; GLB1 and HEXA on 8; IDH1 on 9; UMPH2 on 10; GUSB on 12; FH and PEPC on 13; PEPS on 14; ESD and NP on 15; DIA4 on 19; and PP on 20. In addition, ACP1 and GLO1 were reassigned to rat chromosomes 6 and 20, respectively. The chromosomal assignments of these loci extends the known syntenic homologies among rats, mice, and humans. 相似文献
4.
The effects of Bt transgenic cottons (Bt-I expressing cry1Ac and Bt-II expressing cry1Ab and cry2Ab or cry1Ab and cry1Fa) and non-Bt cottons on feeding, oviposition and longevity of adults, and development and survival of Liriomyza trifolii larvae were studied under laboratory conditions; and infestation on four Bt and two non-Bt cotton traits were investigated under field conditions. Laboratory choice and no-choice tests showed that L. trifolii adults were capable of distinguishing between Bt cottons and non-Bt cottons. In a choice test on younger plants (4-5 leaves), the adults were found more often and made more feeding punctures (FP) on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons. On older plants (8-9 leaves), adults made the most FP on non-Bt cotton followed by those on Bt-II cottons and the least on Bt-I cotton. The females oviposited more eggs (6.7 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (1.7 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (0.8 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and oviposited similar numbers of eggs (0.7-1.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. In a no-choice test, the females also fed more FP on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons on both younger and older plants. The females oviposited more eggs (15.6 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (8.2 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (6.5 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and similar numbers of eggs (2.5-3.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. Larval and puparial survivals were not different among Bt and non-Bt cottons. The occurrence and damage of leafminers on cottons in the field showed that L. trifolii infested more plants and leaves and had more mines on non-Bt cotton than on Bt cottons. 相似文献
5.
以9个大白菜品种和10个结球甘蓝品种为试材,对位于芸薹属A基因组10个连锁群的207对SSR引物进行PCR筛选,共筛选出33个大白菜相对于结球甘蓝的特异SSR标记,涉及了大白菜的10个连锁群,其中位于A1连锁群3对,A2连锁群4对,A3连锁群5对,A4连锁群2对,A5连锁群3对,A6连锁群4对,A7连锁群2对,A8连锁群1对,A9连锁群2对,A10连锁群7对。为进一步利用SSR标记鉴定结球甘蓝—大白菜异附加系奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
本文对我国春孢锈菌属(形式属)增补了以下9个种:1.腺梗菜春孢锈菌Aecidium adenocauli Syd. 寄主:腺梗菜Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew (菊科Compositae) 2.臭椿春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium ailanthi J.Y.Zhuang sp.nov.寄主:臭椿 Ailanthus altissima Swingle (苦木科Simaroubaceae)3.筋骨草春孢锈菌 Aecidium alugae Syd.寄主:紫背金盘 Ajuga nioponensis Makino (唇形科 Labiatae) 4.八角枫春孢锈菌 Aecidium alangii Hirats.& Yosh 寄主:长毛八角枫 Alangium kurzii Craib,瓜木A platanifoHum Harms (八角枫科 Alangiaeeae) 5.紫珠生春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium callicarpivola J Y.Zhuang sp.nov.寄主:杜虹花 Callicarpa oedunculata R,Br.(马鞭草科Verbenaeeae) 6.吴茱萸春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium evodiae J.Y.Zhuang sp.nov. 寄主:吴茱萸 Evodia rutaecarva (Juss.)Benth.(芸香科Rutaceae) 7.杨叶木姜子春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium litseae-populifoliae J.Y.Zhuang sp.Nov.寄主:杨叶木姜子 Litsea povulifolia Gamble (樟科Lauraceae) 8.青海春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium qinghaiense J Y.Zhuang sp.nov. 寄主:莴苣属一种Lactuca sp.(菊科Compo sitae) 9.合掌消春孢锈菌 Aecidium vincetoxici P.Henn.& Shirai 寄主:牛皮消 Cynanchum auriculatum Royle (萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae) 相似文献
7.
Kanehiro Kitayama 《植被学杂志》1996,7(6):879-888
Abstract. The vegetation on a wet mountain slope on Haleakala (an oceanic island) is compared with that on Kinabalu (a continental island) to examine relationships between regional floristic richness and α- and β-diversities. The two mountains are similar in their constant tropical climate, generic and family-level floristic elements and geological age of the summit regions, but different in regional floristic richness (rich on Kinabalu vs. poor on Haleakala). α-diversity of canopy and subcanopy tree species was much higher on Kinabalu than in comparable zones on Haleakala. Average turnover rate of species (as logarithmic community similarity) on the slope was one order of magnitude greater on Kinabalu than on Haleakala (0.127 vs. 0.017 per 100 m alt.). While there were genera with wide altitudinal ranges on both mountains, a large proportion of the genera was differentiated into parapatric altitudinal congeners on Kinabalu. By contrast, most genera are altitudinally monotypic on Haleakala. The number of sympatric congeners per genus, and the frequency of multi-specific genera per plot were high on lower slopes but decreased with increasing altitude on Kinabalu, whereas the values were low across all altitudes on Haleakala. These patterns suggest that sympatric and parapatric species radiation was less on Haleakala than on Kinabalu. This may be related to Haleakala's initially poor and disharmonic flora. 相似文献
8.
We investigated plant-mediated effects of the stem gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), on other herbivores on the chestnut tree Castanea crenata. In the early season, leaves emerged earlier and in greater numbers on galled shoots than on ungalled shoots. On galled shoots the leaf to shoot biomass ratio was lower and the leaves were physically different. In May and June the concentration of nitrogen in leaves was higher on galled shoots than on ungalled shoots. In July, the water content of leaves was lower on galled shoots. In May and June, the number of aphids, Myzocallis kuricola Matsumura (Homoptera: Aphidoidea), on leaves was higher on galled shoots than on ungalled shoots, but the opposite was true at the end of July. Laboratory experiments showed that aphid fecundity and body weight decrease were higher in May and June when aphids fed on leaves on a galled shoot than when they fed on those on ungalled shoots. In contrast, aphid performance in July was greater on ungalled leaves than on galled leaves. Our findings suggest that gall initiation in a chestnut tree affected aphid performance by affecting host plant quality. 相似文献
9.
本文以GK12、33B和SGK3213种转基因棉和对应的3种常规棉泗棉3号、33及石远321为材料,通过室内测定,研究了取食转基因棉的棉蚜却h/sgossypiiGlover对龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica Thunberg1—4龄幼虫功能反应的影响。结果指出,龟纹瓢虫对来自转基因棉田蚜虫的捕食量大多高于常规棉田,且捕食量随猎物密度的增加而增大。在1、2龄幼虫期,龟纹瓢虫取食转双价基因棉田蚜虫的数量多高于取食转单价基因棉田的蚜虫数量,但是在3、4龄幼虫时,龟纹瓢虫取食转双价棉田蚜虫的数量多低于取食转单价棉田的蚜虫数量。龟纹瓢虫对来自转基因棉田棉蚜的捕食功能反应符合HollingII型。龟纹瓢虫1龄幼虫取食GK12和SGK3212个转基因棉田蚜虫的最大日捕食量大于对照,处理时间短于对照;龟纹瓢虫P.japonica2、3龄幼虫取食33B和SGK3212个转基因棉田蚜虫A.gossypii的日最大捕食量大于对照,处理时间短于对照;4龄时取食转基因棉田蚜虫的数量都大于对照,处理时间均短于对照,其中取食转双价基因棉SGK321棉田蚜虫的日最大捕食量小于取食单伊棉田蚜虫的日最大捕食量。 相似文献
10.
Rossi W 《Mycologia》2011,103(1):184-194
Ten new species of Laboulbenia from Ecuador are described. These are L. barraganii, parasitic on Platamops sp. (Salpingidae); L. biformis, parasitic on Diploharpus rossii Moret (Carabidae); L. davidsonii, parasitic on Odontocheila spp. (Carabidae); L. gregaria, parasitic on Philonthus sp. (Staphylinidae); L. micrandra, parasitic on Lobrathium sp. (Staphylinidae); L. mycotreti, parasitic on Mycotretus spp. (Erotylidae); L. opima, parasitic on Chrysodinopsis sp. (Chrysomelidae); L. otongaensis, parasitic on Diploharpus iridescens Moret (Carabidae); L. tapiae, parasitic on Priocera sp. (Cleridae); and L. trogacti, parasitic on Trogactus sp. (Staphylinidae). Laboulbenia barraganii is the first of the Laboulbeniales to be reported on beetles of the family Salpingidae. L. biformis displays a moderate dimorphism associated with the position on the host insect. L. davidsonii, which is very different from the other species of Laboulbenia reported so far on the Cicindelinae but similar to a group of species parasitic on Galerita spp., provides evidence for the occurrence of host switch in Laboulbeniales. 相似文献
11.
K Yasuda 《Developmental biology》1979,68(2):618-623
Cells from pigmented retina of 8- to 9-day-old chick embryos were cultured under two different conditions: on noncoated (NS) or collagen-coated (CS) substrates. Although cells on CS seemed to start dividing 2 to 3 days earlier than those on NS, their early growth rates were basically similar. Cells on CS stopped growing after attaining confluency and formed a monolayer, while cells on NS continued to grow after confluency and overlapped each other. In early growth phase, cells on both substrates became depigmented. Cells became repigmented earlier on CS than on NS. The average melanin content of cells in confluent cultures on CS was two to three times higher than that of cells on NS. By Day 30 “lentoid bodies” were formed only in cultures on NS. Immunoelectrophoretic tests showed the presence of all crystallins (α-, β-, and δ) in cultures on NS but not in cultures on CS. It is concluded that a collagen substrate inhibits “transdifferentiation” of pigmented retinal cells into lens during cell culture. 相似文献
12.
《Microbiological reviews》1980,44(4):797
[This corrects the article on p. 494 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 496 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 498 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 499 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 503 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 506 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 507 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 512 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 513 in vol. 44.][This corrects the article on p. 517 in vol. 44.]. 相似文献
13.
补充记载了采自海南省的9种锈菌。甲竹Bambusa remotiflora上的华南柄锈菌Puccinia austrosinensis、大花紫薇Lagerstroemia speciosa上的紫薇夏孢锈菌Uredo lagerstroemiae和海南薯Ipomoea sumatrana上的宽乳单胞锈菌Uromyces latimammatus为新种;厚叶素馨Jasminum pentaneurum上的巴氏查科锈菌Chaconia butleri、猪肚木Canthium horridum上的鱼骨木驼孢锈菌Hemileia canthii、牛筋果Harrisonia perforata上的牛筋果无眠多胞锈菌Kuehneola harrisoniae、毛咀签Gouania javanica上的椴叶咀签柄锈菌Puccinia gouaniae-tiliaefoliae、蒲桃Syzygium jambos上的番石榴柄锈菌Puccinia psidii以及象草Pennisetum purpureum上的钝叶草柄锈菌Puccinia stenotaphri为中国新记录。引证的标本均保存于中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。 相似文献
14.
Continuous long-term somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Summary Somatic embryogenic callus was induced on two induction media, B5h and SH4K. Embryos formed on the callus induced on B5h medium
when the callus was still on the induction medium. On the other hand, embryos could not form on the callus induced on SH4K
medium unless the callus was transferred to a growth regulator-free medium. Callus induced and maintained on B5h medium lost
embryogenic capability quickly during the subculture. Callus induced and maintained on SH4K medium, however, consistently
remained highly embryogenic. The callus mass showed steady increase during its maintenance on SH4K medium. The embryos induced
on SH4K medium showed vigorous germination. Normal and fully fertile plants were recovered from the embryos developed from
the callus maintained on SH4K medium. 相似文献
15.
In a two-choice test, moreS. furcifera females settled more often on exposed plants than on parafilm-masked ones, regardless of the susceptibility of rice varieties. This indicates that rice volatiles play an important role in the insect's short-range orientation to its host. The fact that more insects settled on exposed resistant Rathu Heenati (RHT) than to masked susceptible Taichung Native 1 (TN1) suggests that there must be certain common volatiles released by both varieties. Few females landed on masked plants of either RHT or TN1. This implies that the insect could not recognize at a distance that a plant was resistant or susceptible without olfactory stimuli.S. furcifera excreted less honeydew on masked plants than on exposed ones for both varieties and more on masked TN1 than on exposed RHT. The electronic monitoring of feeding behavior demonstrates that the insect made more frequent probes and had shorter phloem ingestion durations on exposed RHT than on exposed TN1 and on masked RHT than on masked TN1. Moreover, the insect had longer phloem ingestion durations on masked TN1 than on exposed RHT. These results suggest that volatile chemicals given off by resistant RHT plants have a negative effect on feeding. 相似文献
16.
The antitumor action of bovine seminal ribonuclease was evaluated with a quantitative assay based on the production of tumor foci in the spleens of mice injected with plasmacytoma cells. The antitumor action depended on the integrity of the catalytic site, and on the dimeric structure of the enzyme. A working hypothesis is proposed, based on these results, and on previous results obtained studying the antitumor action of seminal RNAase in vitro on cell cultures. According to this hypothesis, the antitumor action is based on the ability of seminal RNAase to interact at specific receptor sites on the tumor cell membrane, as well as on its RNA degrading ability. 相似文献
17.
Redistribution (capping) of normal and tumor-associated surface antigens was studied on murine and human cells by the indirect membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) technique. The capping of H-2 isoantigens was compared on normal mouse T-lymphocytes and on YAC cells, a Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) induced lymphoma. H-2 and Moloney virus induced cell surface antigen (MCSA) capping was compared on three YAC lines with different MCSA concentrations. H-2 and tumor-associated surface antigen capping was compared on two polyoma induced sarcoma lines and five methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma lines. In the human system, IgM-capping was compared on normal lymphocytes and on the Burkitt lymphoma derived Daudi line. Capping of HL-A and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) determined membrane antigen (MA) was compared on the Burkitt lymphoma derived line Maku and on EBV-superinfected Daudi cells. H-2 antigens on normal murine cells capped more promptly and on a larger fraction of the cell population on the various tumor cells. Surface associated IgM showed a better capping on normal lymphocytes than on Daudi cells. All tumor associated antigens except MCSA, showed good capping. MCSA was almost completely refractory to capping. Increasing concentrations of MCSA appeared to inhibit the capping of H-2 on the YAC sublines with different concentrations of MCSA. The polyoma induced ascites sarcoma (SEWA) did not cap either with regard to H-2 or the polyoma determined surface antigen. 相似文献
18.
【目的】异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey的幼虫取食为害作物的地下部分,影响作物的品质,为了明确韭菜、蚕豆、生菜、白菜和甘蓝5种植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育以及繁殖的影响。【方法】本试验采用室内人工饲养测定的方法,研究了5种不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育,繁殖力和存活率的影响,并统计了其对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响。【结果】结果表明:卵到蛹的发育历期依次为甘蓝、白菜、韭菜、生菜、蚕豆;5种植物对雌雄虫寿命影响不显著,对雌虫产卵量以及蛹重均有影响,其中在韭菜上的产卵量最大,甘蓝最少,在韭菜上蛹最重,生菜上蛹最轻;异迟眼蕈蚊的存活率随着生长发育降低,总体在韭菜上的存活率高于其他寄主植物,在生菜上的存活率均最低。统计分析不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响,净增殖率和内禀增长率在韭菜上最大而在甘蓝上最小;平均世代周期在蚕豆上最短,甘蓝上最长;种群加倍时间在韭菜上最短,而在甘蓝上最长。【结论】由此可知,异迟眼蕈蚊均可以在韭菜,蚕豆,生菜,白菜和甘蓝上完成生长发育及繁殖,其对5种植物的适应性依次为:韭菜、蚕豆、白菜、甘蓝和生菜。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of insect physiology》1987,33(4):249-254
The haemolymph-protein patterns of a Rhodnius prolixus colony, fed on human blood and of a colony fed on sheep blood, were compared by SDS-PAGE analysis. The vitellogenin-polypeptide patterns of larvae and females of both colonies were similar. However, males of the human-blood-fed colony had levels of circulating vitellogenin comparable to those of females, while males of the colony fed on sheep blood had only residual vitellogenin levels. The effect of human blood on different instars of a colony fed on sheep blood was examined. Autogeny occurs in the colony fed on human blood but not on that fed on sheep blood. When 5th-instar females from the sheep-blood-fed colony were fed on human blood, the phenomenon of autogeny was not displayed after moulting to the adult stage. Fourth-instar larvae from the colony fed on sheep blood however showed autogeny in the adult stage when fed on human blood from the 4th-instar on or in this stage only. Furthermore, first-cycle oviposition and the percentage moulting to the adult stage were increased in these groups. 相似文献
20.
H Emonard J A Grimaud B Nusgens C M Lapière J M Foidart 《Journal of cellular physiology》1987,133(1):95-102
Cellular growth and collagen biosynthesis were compared in dermal calf fibroblasts cultured on plastic or on a reconstituted basement membrane gel, termed matrigel. This matrix, extracted from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumors, consists mainly of laminin, entactin, type IV collagen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The multiplication rate of fibroblasts grown on matrigel was stimulated compared to that of monolayered cells cultured on plastic, and these cells formed multilayers after 4 days. Protein and collagen biosynthesis was reduced in fibroblasts cultured on matrigel. A higher proportion of the newly synthesized collagen (40%) was incorporated to the extracellular matrix in cultures grown on matrigel than in those grown on plastic (14%). Type III collagen was the preferential collagen type deposited on matrigel, and the ratio of type III:type I collagens secreted in the medium was also slightly higher in cultures grown on matrigel. Partially processed collagen was more abundant in fibroblasts grown on matrigel than in cells cultured on plastic. Finally, cells grown on matrigel exhibited a higher catabolic activity than cells grown on plastic. In this experimental model, the reconstituted basement-membrane matrix seems to influence the activities of fibroblasts significantly. 相似文献