Erhardorina n. g., Ascogregarina polynesiensis n. sp., Eimeria golemanskii n. sp., Isospora tamariscini n. sp., Gregarina kazumii n. nom., new combinations and emendations in the names of apicomplexan protozoa

On the basis of a review of the approximately 4300 species of apicomplexan protozoa, the following new species, new names, new combinations, and emendations are given: NEW GENUS, Erhardovina; NEW SPECIES, Ascogregarina polynesiensis, Eimeria golemanskii, Isospora tamariscini; NEW NAME, Gregarina kazumii; NEW COMBINATIONS, Ascogregarina brachyceri (Purrini, 1980), Erhardovina euzeti (Lipa, 1981), E. scutovertexi (Erhardová, 1955), Haemorhormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983); EMENDATIONS, Selenidium francianum (Arvy, 1952) Tuzet & Ormières, 1965, Pyxinioides bolitoides D. P. Henry, 1938, P. japonicus H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kamenote H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kurofuji H. Hoshide, 1951, P. oshoroensis H. Hoshide, 1951, P. pugetensis D. P. Henry, 1938, Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar, 1980, Retractocephalus halticae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu, 1982, Cnemidospora schizophylli Tuzet & Guerin, 1947, Grebneckiella indica (Merton, 1911) Watson, 1916, Quadruspinospora atractomorphae Haldar & Chakraborty, 1978, Haemogregarina acipenseri Nawrotzky, 1914, H. lobianci Yakimov & Kohl-Yakimov, 1912, H. yakimovikohlae Wladimiroff, 1910, Hepatozoon luehi (Sambon, 1909) Pessoa, Cavalheiro & de Souza, 1970, Eimeria beyerae Ovezmukhammedov, 1977, E. (?) gigantea (Labbé, 1896) Reichenow, 1921, E. (?) labbei Hardcastle, 1943, E. rufi Prasad, 1960, E. (?) scylii (Drago, 1902) Levine & Becker, 1933, Isospora corvi Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. melopsittaci Bhatia, Chauhan, Arora & Agrawal, 1973, I. seicerci Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. stomatici Chakravarty & Kar, 1944, I. triffitae Nukerbaeva & Svanbaev, 1973, Wenyonella mackinnonae Misra, 1947, Octosporella sanguinolentae Ovezmukhammedov, 1975, Lankesterella millani Alvarez Calvo, 1975, Sarcocystis woodhousei Dogel', 1916, Haemoproteus lari Yakunin, 1972, Babesia ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff & Shokhor, 1916), Theileria ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimov, 1916) Krylov, 1974, Haemohormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983).     

Desulfovibrio Africans sp. n., a new dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacterium

Campbell, L. Leon (University of Illinois, Urbana), Mary A. Kasprzycki, and John R. Postgate. Desulfovibrio africanus sp. n., a new dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 92:1122-1127. 1966.-The strains Benghazi and Walvis Bay can be distinguished from 40 strains of Desulfovibrio and from D. gigas on the basis of morphological and immunological studies. Electron microscopy revealed polar lophotrichous flagellation similar to that of D. gigas but different from the characteristic single polar flagellum of the 40 strains of Desulfovibrio. Immunological evidence shows that the two strains are related to members of the genus Desulfovibrio but possess several common antigenic components not present in the other strains tested. The deoxyribonucleic acid of both strains has a buoyant density of 1.724 g/cc and a guanine plus cytosine content of 60.2%. Cell-free extracts of both organisms show absorption bands of cytochrome c(3) and desulfoviridin, characteristic for Desulfovibrio. The two organisms carry out the sulfate-linked lactate fermentation and neither will grow in the absence of sulfate. Both strains contain the enzymes of the dissimilatory pathway of sulfate reduction. Therefore, these studies have demonstrated that the Benghazi and Walvis Bay strains should be regarded as taxonomically distinct from other species of Desulfovibrio.     

Thiomicrospira pelophila,gen. n., sp. n., a new obligately chemolithotrophic colourless sulfur bacterium

From marine mud flats a very thin, comma- or spiral-shaped bacterium was isolated. The new organism was an obligately chemolithotrophic sulfur bacterium. Its physiology was found to be essentially similar to that ofThiobacillus thioparus. Because of the spirillum-like appearance it was proposed to classify this bacterium into a new genusThiomicrospira, with the species nameTms. pelophila. Tms. pelophila and a marineT. thioparus, which was isolated from the same mud, occupy different niches in this habitat.Tms. pelophila has a remarkable sulfide-tolerance as compared withT. thioparus. This property could be used for the specific enrichment ofTms. pelophila. The organism was also readily isolated in pure culture by filtering mud suspensions through a 0.22 Μm membrane filter.     

A description of seven Antarctic marine gymnamoebae including a new subspecies, two new species and a new genus: Neoparamoeba aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., Platyamoeba oblongata n. sp., Platyamoeba contorta n. sp. and Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp

Seven marine gymnamoebae were isolated from different environments of seawater, slush (pack ice meltwater), and sediment in the Ross Sea area of Antarctica. All amoebae were isolated and maintained at temperatures below 4 degrees C. Growth, rate of locomotion, and general morphology were observed at an environmentally appropriate temperature (1 degrees C) and at room temperature (approximately 25 degrees C). Molecular (srDNA sequences) and microscopical techniques were used to identify the gymnamoebae and establish their phylogenetic affinities. Three isolates (S-131-2, SL-200, and W4-3) were assigned to a psychrophilic subspecies of Neoparamoeba aestuarina, N. aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., one isolate (S-205) was assigned to a new species of Platyamoeba, P. oblongata n. sp., two isolates (W51C#4 & W51C#5) were also assigned to a new species of Platyamoeba, P. contorta n. sp., and one isolate (S-241) was a novel psychrophilic gymnamoeba Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp. Molecular and morphological results revealed that V. antarctica was not related to any described family of gymnamoebae. Strains S-205, W51C#4, and W51C#5 were capable of locomotion at room temperature, while strains SL-200, S-131-2, W4-3, and S-241 exhibited locomotion only below approximately 10 degrees C. Our results imply that the Antarctic environment is host both to cosmopolitan gymnamoebae that have acquired adaptations for existence at low environmental temperature and to apparently novel psychrophilic amoebae described here for the first time.     

Pseudoeurotium globosum n. sp., a new ascomycete from Indian soils

Summary The namePseudoeurotium globosum Rai andTewari n. sp. has been given to a fungus isolated from soil collected from the banks of a stream in village Harchandpur, District Rae Bareli, (U.P.) India. This form is distinguished from any other described so far in this genus, in having multisporous asci with large globose ascospores. P.globosum n. sp. inhabits a specialised habitat, and this along with the fact that it was isolated only byWarcup's Soil-plate Method, makes it an ecologically interesting form.     

Praealbonemertes whangateaunienses n. gen. and n. sp., a new heteronemertean from New Zealand

Abstract

A new genus and species of heteronemertean, Praealbonemertes whangateaunienses n. gen. and n. sp., is described and illustrated. The species is characterised by inter alia a cephalic lacuna with strands of longitudinal muscle fibres, a proboscis with three muscle layers, and a well-developed muscle plate dorsal to the foregut and anterior intestine. The material was collected in New Zealand.     

Saetheriella amplicristata gen. n., sp. n., a new Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tennessee

The generic diagnosis of the male imago of a new genus of the subfamily Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae), Saetheriella is given. The genus is characterized by protruding, hairy eyes; antenna with straight, apical seta; antepronotum reduced; squama without setae; Cu₁ distinctly downcurved; and anal point short, triangular, covered with microtrichia and with two strong, lateral setae. The genus is close to Gynnidocladius Sublette & Wirth, Unniella Sæther and Parakiefferiella Thienemann. The distribution of the genera shows evidence of a Gondwanian connection. The male imago of the only included species S. amplicristata sp. n. is described.     

Parauronema virginianum n. g., n. sp., a Marine Hymenostome Ciliate

SYNOPSIS. Parauronema virginianum n. g., n. sp., a marine hymenostome ciliate is described from the Virginia coast. Structural studies were made on specimens treated with the Chatton-Lwoff silver impregnation technic and on animals observed with the phase microscope. Particular attention was given to the buccal ciliature and its importance to generic assignment in the order Hymenostomatida.     

Platyamoeba stenopodia. n. g., n. sp., a Freshwater Amoeba*

SYNOPSIS. Platyamoeba stenopodia n. g., n. sp., isolated from a lake in Alabama, is an amoeba with flattened form, usually more than 2.5 × as long as broad, the anterior half hyaline and the posterior half granular, with a single vesiculate nucleus at the posterior edge of the hyaline region. It forms a transitory floating stage with slender, hyaline pseudopods. Its cyst is spherical, uninucleate, with a smooth inner wall and a thinner, closely applied outer wall, which is often slightly wrinkled. Length of locomotive amoeba 15–36 μ diameter of cyst 7–11.5 μ Reproduction by binary fission with mesomitotic nuclear division, the nuclear membrane disappearing in prophase. The genus Platyamoeba is erected for amoebae including this organism; the type species is P. placida.     

Paraphysomonas corbidifera sp. nov., a marine,colourless, scale-bearing member of the Chrysophyceae

Paraphysomonas corbidifera sp. nov. has a spherical body bearing two flagella of unequal length, the longer possessing two rows of mastigonemes, the shorter smooth. The body is covered in scales of one basic form, open crown-like structures. The organism is compared with other members of the genus.     

Morphology of Clapsiella magnifica gen. n., sp. n., a new hypotrichous ciliate with a curious dorsal ciliary pattern

The present work describes the morphology and infraciliature of a new hypotrichous ciliate, Clapsiella magnifica gen. n., sp. n., found in rewetted soil from a temporal pond in Argentina. It was studied by means of live observation and protargol impregnation. Its main diagnostic features are: Flexible hypotrich measuring 250–320 μm × 70–140 μm in vivo; two macronuclear nodules and 4–6 micronuclei. Single contractile vacuole. Cytoplasm transparent, cortical granules absent. Somatic ciliature composed of a tricorona of cirri, three buccal(?) cirri, 6–9 ventral rows, 3–5 right marginal(?) rows, one left marginal row, and 12–17 transverse cirri. Dorsal pattern rather complicated, with about 14 kineties and kinety fragments, with scattered kinetids among them; 17–28 caudal cirri arranged in three rows on dorsal kineties 1, 3, and 7. Remarkably, dorsal kinetids have two or four basal bodies, bearing a stiff bristle arising from left anterior basal body. Adoral zone composed of 70–92 membranelles, occupying about 40% of body length in protargol preparations; paroral and endoral curved, resembling a cyrtohymenid pattern. The peculiar dorsal ciliary arrangement and the unique combination of other characters require the establishment of a new genus for this new species, which is considered incertae sedis in the Hypotricha but possibly related to the oxytrichids.