胡萝卜var sativus Hoffm Deutschl抗冻 蛋白基因的克隆及测序

以宁夏吴忠胡萝卜、陕西华县胡萝卜、陕西汉中胡萝卜3个地方品种为材料,用PCR方法克隆了中国胡萝卜var\%sativus\%HoffmDeutschl的抗冻蛋白基因\%afp\%,测定了宁夏吴忠胡萝卜\%afp\%的核苷酸序列,和英国胡萝卜var\%autumn\%King\%afp\%序列对比,在所测1004个核苷酸中,有35个碱基不同,其中无义突变20个,有义突变15个。按有义突变计,同源性为\{98.5%\}     

可见-近红外光谱结合化学计量学认证有机胡萝卜、绿色胡萝卜和无公害胡萝卜（英文）

在快速发展的中国,有机食品、绿色食品和无公害食品在产地环境、生产规程、加工、包装,尤其是生产资料的使用等方面都有严格区分,导致检验和认证需要花费大量的人力、物力、财力和时间。因此我们需要一种方便、精确的检测技术。基于化学计量学,本研究首次利用可见-近红外反射光谱快速检测有机胡萝卜、绿色胡萝卜和无公害胡萝卜。选择最佳区间(650-700 nm),三种分类模型包括主成分分析结合k均值聚类、主成分分析结合线性判别分析、反向传播神经网络鉴别126个胡萝卜样本的准确率分别为93.65%、100%,和98.41%。结果表明,可见-近红外光谱结合化学计量学技术可以有效地验证有机胡萝卜、绿色胡萝卜和无污染胡萝卜。为质量检验机构提供了一个可行的检测方法,从而促进包括有机食品、绿色食品、无公害食品等安全食品的发展。     

非洲菊未授粉胚珠的离体诱导和植株再生

通过不同培养基及培养条件的筛选,离体诱导12个品种的非洲菊未授粉胚珠的结果表明:MS中的大量元素 Heller中的微量元素 1/2铁盐 0.2mg·L~(-1)6-BA 0.1mg·L~(-1)IAA较适宜于非洲菊未授粉胚珠愈伤组织的诱导和芽的再生,8个品种中以品种‘E19’诱导愈伤组织的诱导率最高(为23.1%);5个品种可再生形成不定芽,再生率为4.8%-19.6%。用根尖染色体鉴定法鉴定再生的23个植株的倍性的结果显示,21.7%为二倍体,43.5%为单倍体,34.8%为混倍体.     

胡萝卜茄红素β—环化酶cDNA的分离及其在肉质根中的差异表达

利用5'和3'RACE技术从胡萝卜（Daucus carota L.）肉质根中分离了茄红素β-环化酶基因的全长cDNA。该cDNA长2089bp,包含一个1515bp的开放阅读框架,所编码的肽链长505个氨基酸,其一级结构与番茄（Lycopersicumn esculentum Mill.）、烟草（Nicotiana rustica L.）和辣椒（Capsicum frutescens L.）等植物的茄红素β-环化酶高度同源。茄红素β-环化酶在胡萝卜肉质根中的表达受品种特异性的调控,在CA201胡萝卜肉质根中表达十分活跃,而在“齐头红”胡萝卜肉质根中该基因的表达受到了强烈的抑制,导致茄红素在细胞中大量积累。     

白肉灵芝三个新品种的选育报告

‘云白灵芝’3个新品种由采自云南不同地区的野生白肉灵芝菌株,经常规育种系统选育获得,属白肉灵芝Ganoderma leucocontextum。3个品种的子实体菌肉洁白、质软,弹射孢子粉少,形态特征差异大。菌丝生长适宜温度18-23 ℃,子实体发育最适温度15-23 ℃,菌丝长速快,发菌期、出菇期短,是中低温型早熟新品种。3个品种均适宜熟料袋栽覆土栽培,干芝产量和品质均高于对照品种。     

健康食品胡萝卜

胡萝卜是一种二年生草本植物,属伞形科（这个科的蔬菜还有芹菜、茴香、扶风等）胡萝卜属。由于地域和品种的差异,胡萝卜还有一些其他名字,比如红萝卜、黄萝卜、番萝卜、丁香萝卜、葫芦菔金、赤珊瑚、黄根等。     

胡萝卜育种研究(综述)

胡萝卜是高度异花授粉作物,由于存在近交衰退,因而很难通过系内授粉培育出综合性状优良的品种。随着雄性不育系的发现,进而培育出整齐一致的一代杂种。本文综述国内外胡萝卜育种与科研现状,提出胡萝卜育种的主要目标,着重介绍雄性不育在胡萝卜育种中的应用,为加快胡萝卜育种研究提供思路。     

8个不同柠檬品种果皮香气成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏提取法并结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对柠檬8个品种果皮香气成分进行了检测和分析。结果显示,从‘阿伦’、‘尤力克’、‘费米耐劳’、‘斐诺’、‘库托迪肯’、‘蒙纳盖洛’、‘维尔纳’、‘维拉弗兰卡’8个品种果皮中分别鉴定出31、31、33、34、32、33、32和32种主要成分,分别占总峰面积的90.94%、93.42%、91.61%、91.02%、89.58%、88.11%、92.57%和92.09%;柠檬8个品种中共有成分24种,其中含量较高的有D-柠檬烯、α-松油醇、γ-松油烯、β-蒎烯、松油烯-4-醇等;柠檬8个品种所含成分种类、相对含量间存在差异,可作为区分这8个品种的重要特征。本研究结果可为柠檬果皮的综合利用及品种选育提供理论依据。     

可见-近红外光谱结合化学计量学认证有机胡萝卜、绿色胡萝卜和无公害胡萝卜

在快速发展的中国,有机食品、绿色食品和无公害食品在产地环境、生产规程、加工、包装,尤其是生产资料的使用等方面都有严格区分,导致检验和认证需要花费大量的人力、物力、财力和时间。因此我们需要一种方便、精确的检测技术。基于化学计量学,本研究首次利用可见-近红外反射光谱快速检测有机胡萝卜、绿色胡萝卜和无公害胡萝卜。选择最佳区间（650-700 nm）,三种分类模型包括主成分分析结合 k 均值聚类、主成分分析结合线性判别分析、反向传播神经网络鉴别126个胡萝卜样本的准确率分别为93．65％、100％,和98．41％。结果表明,可见-近红外光谱结合化学计量学技术可以有效地验证有机胡萝卜、绿色胡萝卜和无污染胡萝卜。为质量检验机构提供了一个可行的检测方法,从而促进包括有机食品、绿色食品、无公害食品等安全食品的发展。     

“胡萝卜的组织培养”消毒方法的优化

为了尽可能在高中开展胡萝卜的组织培养实验,选取胡萝卜根为外植体,从改进外植体消毒方法、缩短消毒时间2个方面进行优化。实验结果表明:胡萝卜根经多次消毒组合:70%酒精浸泡30 s+20%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡10 min+酒精灼烧12 s处理后,污染率降至5.55%,实验操作总时间约20 min。     

不同品种的地黄低聚糖含量的比较研究

采用HPLc-ELSD法,对6个不同品种(包括野生和栽培)地黄的低聚糖进行含量测定.测定结果表明:不同的地黄品种低聚糖含量差异比较显著;栽培品种‘85 -5’、‘9302’和‘北京1号’低聚糖含量比较接近;野生品种‘BA3’的水苏糖含量普遍较低,而蔗糖含量比较高;‘北京1号’水苏糖含量较高,总低聚糖含量比较均衡,占干重...     

Carotene Hydroxylase Activity Determines the Levels of Both α-Carotene and Total Carotenoids in Orange Carrots

The typically intense carotenoid accumulation in cultivated orange-rooted carrots (Daucus carota) is determined by a high protein abundance of the rate-limiting enzyme for carotenoid biosynthesis, phytoene synthase (PSY), as compared with white-rooted cultivars. However, in contrast to other carotenoid accumulating systems, orange carrots are characterized by unusually high levels of α-carotene in addition to β-carotene. We found similarly increased α-carotene levels in leaves of orange carrots compared with white-rooted cultivars. This has also been observed in the Arabidopsis thaliana lut5 mutant carrying a defective carotene hydroxylase CYP97A3 gene. In fact, overexpression of CYP97A3 in orange carrots restored leaf carotenoid patterns almost to those found in white-rooted cultivars and strongly reduced α-carotene levels in the roots. Unexpectedly, this was accompanied by a 30 to 50% reduction in total root carotenoids and correlated with reduced PSY protein levels while PSY expression was unchanged. This suggests a negative feedback emerging from carotenoid metabolites determining PSY protein levels and, thus, total carotenoid flux. Furthermore, we identified a deficient CYP97A3 allele containing a frame-shift insertion in orange carrots. Association mapping analysis using a large carrot population revealed a significant association of this polymorphism with both α-carotene content and the α-/β-carotene ratio and explained a large proportion of the observed variation in carrots.     

Carrot yellow leaf virus Is Associated with Carrot Internal Necrosis

Internal necrosis of carrot has been observed in UK carrots for at least 10 years, and has been anecdotally linked to virus infection. In the 2009 growing season some growers had up to 10% of yield with these symptoms. Traditional diagnostic methods are targeted towards specific pathogens. By using a metagenomic approach with high throughput sequencing technology, other, as yet unidentified causes of root necrosis were investigated. Additionally a statistical analysis has shown which viruses are most closely associated with disease symptoms. Carrot samples were collected from a crop exhibiting root necrosis (102 Affected: 99 Unaffected) and tested for the presence of the established carrot viruses: Carrot red leaf virus (CtRLV), Carrot mottle virus (CMoV), Carrot red leaf associated viral RNA (CtRLVaRNA) and Parsnip yellow fleck virus (PYFV). The presence of these viruses was not associated with symptomatic carrot roots either as single viruses or in combinations. A sub-sample of carrots of mixed symptom status was subjected to MiSeq sequencing. The results from these tests suggested Carrot yellow leaf virus (CYLV) was associated with symptomatic roots. Additionally a novel Torradovirus, a novel Closterovirus and two novel Betaflexiviradae related plant viruses were detected. A specific diagnostic test was designed for CYLV. Of the 102 affected carrots, 98% were positive for CYLV compared to 22% of the unaffected carrots. From these data we conclude that although we have yet to practically demonstrate a causal link, CYLV appears to be strongly associated with the presence of necrosis of carrots.     

桑黄‘浙黄1号’的选育报告

‘浙黄1号’是野生桑黄通过驯化系统选育的新品种。其子实体呈扇形或马蹄形,菌盖长径6.0-15.0cm,短径3.0-5.0cm,基部厚2.0-5.0cm,边缘厚0.2-2.0cm。子实体表面呈金黄色至棕黄色,菌肉黄褐色。菌丝体生长适温25-30℃,子实体发育适温20-25℃。子实体总黄酮含量8.26%,粗多糖含量5.40%,总三萜含量0.96%。浙江省地区有春、秋两季栽培;抗逆能力较强,子实体成品率较高、整齐,商品化程度高,产量13.3g/袋（干料470g）。适宜代料栽培。     

Inhibitory effects of raw carrots on Listeria monocytogenes.

The survival and growth of two strains of Listeria monocytogenes on raw and cooked carrots stored at 5 and 15 degrees C and in carrot juice media at 30 degrees C were investigated. The influence of shredding, chlorine treatment, and packaging under an atmosphere containing 3% O2 and 97% N2 on the behavior of L. monocytogenes and naturally occurring microflora was determined. Populations of viable L. monocytogenes decreased upon contact with whole and shredded raw carrots but not cooked carrots. Viable populations also decreased in cell suspensions in which raw carrots were dipped. Small populations of L. monocytogenes detected on whole carrots immediately after dipping were essentially nondetectable after 7 days of storage at 5 or 15 degrees C. After a lag of 7 days at 5 degrees C, significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) increases in populations were detected on shredded carrots after 24 days of storage. Carrots stored at 5 or 15 degrees C spoiled before L. monocytogenes grew. Populations of mesophilic aerobes, psychrophiles, and yeasts and molds increased throughout storage at 5 and 15 degrees C. Cutting treatment (whole or shredded carrots), chlorine treatment, and modified-atmosphere packaging had no effect on the survival or growth of L. monocytogenes or naturally occurring microflora. The presence of raw carrot juice in tryptic phosphate broth at a concentration as low as 1% substantially reduced the maximum population of L. monocytogenes reached after 24 h at 30 degrees C. The anti-Listeria effect of carrots was essentially eliminated when the carrots were cooked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Inhibitory effects of raw carrots on Listeria monocytogenes

The survival and growth of two strains of Listeria monocytogenes on raw and cooked carrots stored at 5 and 15 degrees C and in carrot juice media at 30 degrees C were investigated. The influence of shredding, chlorine treatment, and packaging under an atmosphere containing 3% O2 and 97% N2 on the behavior of L. monocytogenes and naturally occurring microflora was determined. Populations of viable L. monocytogenes decreased upon contact with whole and shredded raw carrots but not cooked carrots. Viable populations also decreased in cell suspensions in which raw carrots were dipped. Small populations of L. monocytogenes detected on whole carrots immediately after dipping were essentially nondetectable after 7 days of storage at 5 or 15 degrees C. After a lag of 7 days at 5 degrees C, significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) increases in populations were detected on shredded carrots after 24 days of storage. Carrots stored at 5 or 15 degrees C spoiled before L. monocytogenes grew. Populations of mesophilic aerobes, psychrophiles, and yeasts and molds increased throughout storage at 5 and 15 degrees C. Cutting treatment (whole or shredded carrots), chlorine treatment, and modified-atmosphere packaging had no effect on the survival or growth of L. monocytogenes or naturally occurring microflora. The presence of raw carrot juice in tryptic phosphate broth at a concentration as low as 1% substantially reduced the maximum population of L. monocytogenes reached after 24 h at 30 degrees C. The anti-Listeria effect of carrots was essentially eliminated when the carrots were cooked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Phytochemical and antioxidative potential of orange,red, yellow,rainbow and black coloured tropical carrots (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Daucus carota</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">sativus</Emphasis> Schubl. &amp; Martens)

This study was executed to determine phytochemical content i.e. total carotenoids, phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant ability expressed in the form of FRAP, CUPRAC and ABTS activity among different coloured tropical carrots (orange, red, yellow, rainbow and black carrot) developed at ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Overall, within different colour group, the extent of variation for various phytochemical content and antioxidant potentiality is narrow i.e. ranged from 1.04- to 3.21-fold; but at the same time, the genotypic variability across genotypes is too wide which varied 20.90- to 57.92-fold for phytochemical and antioxidants is an indication of broad genetic base of carrot germplasm. Among all the carrots, black carrot had an exceptionally high content of total phenolics and flavonoids, and thereby led to the highest antioxidant ability in the terms of FRAP, CUPRAC and ABTS activity expressing about 76–83% relative potentiality followed by rainbow carrot, and least in orange, red and yellow carrot (black carrot?>?rainbow carrot?>?red carrot?≈?orange carrot?≈?yellow carrot). The content of phenolics and flavonoids were highly correlated with antioxidant activity (0.955** to 0.992**). However, the most cultivated and consumed carrots, orange and red one, possessed higher amount of carotenoids. The content of carotenoids negatively correlated with total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidants activity (??0.612** to ??0.627**). Broad genetic base and selection based on total phenolics content could be pivotal in the future breeding to harness the genetic wealth of carrot efficiently.     

双孢蘑菇‘双孢106’的选育报告

‘双孢106’是‘A20’通过单孢选育的品种。子实体散生,少量丛生,近半球形。菌盖白色,表面光洁,直径3.5-5.0cm,厚2.0-3.0cm,质地致密;菌柄白色,粗短,近圆柱形,基部略膨大,长2.0-2.8cm。发菌适温22-25℃,子实体生长发育温度10-24℃,最适温度16-18℃。鲜菇粗纤维含量1.00%,蛋白质含量3.54%,氨基酸总量2.84%。该品种出菇早,子实体圆整、结实,产量高,商品化等级高。适宜双孢蘑菇工厂化设施栽培。